av1: populate V4L2_CID_STATELESS_AV1_SEQUENCE in codec_set_controls

Implements the libva-side portion of issue #11 — replaces PR #10's
no-op AV1 dispatch with a real av1_set_controls that maps VAAPI's
VADecPictureParameterBufferAV1.seq_info_fields + scalar fields onto
struct v4l2_ctrl_av1_sequence (the kernel uAPI control declared at
linux/v4l2-controls.h:2891-2919).

Daemon-track context (issue #11 daemon side, operator-owned):
ffmpeg-vaapi splits the AV1 bitstream client-side and strips the
OBU_SEQUENCE_HEADER before delivery; the V4L2 OUTPUT buffer contains
only OBU_FRAME_HEADER + OBU_TILE_GROUP.  libdav1d in the daedalus
daemon cannot parse this — it expects a complete OBU stream.  The
daemon side has to synthesise OBU_SEQUENCE_HEADER from the SEQUENCE
ctrl and prepend it to the slice bitstream.  This libva-side change
just makes the SEQUENCE ctrl populated and queued via S_EXT_CTRLS;
the daemon track is the consumer.

Three small touch points beyond the new src/av1.{c,h}:

  - src/surface.h: add an av1 leaf to surface->params holding
    VADecPictureParameterBufferAV1.  Slice params intentionally
    absent — the daedalus daemon consumes the slice OBU bytes
    directly from the OUTPUT buffer; no per-tile-group struct →
    OBU re-synthesis required from libva today.
  - src/picture.c: copy the picture-param buffer into the new leaf
    in RenderPicture, mirror of the per-codec memcpy pattern, plus
    call av1_set_controls from codec_set_controls (replacing the
    no-op).
  - src/meson.build: register src/av1.c.

Sequence-field mapping covers everything VAAPI exposes at the
sequence level (12 of 18 V4L2_AV1_SEQUENCE_FLAG_* bits + the four
scalars).  Bits VAAPI doesn't carry at the sequence level
(WARPED_MOTION, REF_FRAME_MVS, SUPERRES, RESTORATION,
SEPARATE_UV_DELTA_Q) stay clear; per-frame consumers (libdav1d via
the daemon, vpu981 via the hardware path) read those from the
OBU_FRAME_HEADER that is already in the slice buffer anyway.  See
feedback memory `feedback_vaapi_blind_to_some_hevc_sps_fields` for
the precedent.

Build verified on higgs (Debian 13 trixie, gcc 14.2.0, libva 2.22.0,
linux uAPI v4l2-controls.h sizeof(struct v4l2_ctrl_av1_sequence)==12):
clean meson + ninja link of v4l2_request_drv_video.so, vainfo
enumerates VAProfileAV1Profile0 via daedalus_v4l2 slot, av1_set_controls
symbol present.

Out of scope on this PR (operator-track, issue #11 follow-up):
  - daedalus-v4l2 kernel module wire-protocol extension (daedalus_
    collect_av1_meta + AV1 ctrl request_setup).
  - daedalus daemon OBU synthesiser (~400 LoC AV1 OBU encoder in
    daemon/src/av1_obu_synth.{c,h}).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>

README.md

@@ -1,75 +1,281 @@
-# v4l2-request libVA Backend
+# libva-v4l2-request-fourier
 
-## About
+VA-API ICD backend for V4L2 stateless video decoders. Fourier-campaign
+fork of the dormant `bootlin/libva-v4l2-request` upstream.
 
-This libVA backend is designed to work with the Linux Video4Linux2
+> **TL;DR for "I want hardware-accelerated YouTube in Firefox on my
-Request API that is used by a number of video codecs drivers,
+> Rockchip board":** skip to the [§ Quickstart](#quickstart) below.
-including the Video Engine found in most Allwinner SoCs.
+> Fresnel (RK3399) and ampere (RK3588) are validated targets; ohm
+> (RK3566 PineTab2) is the chromium-fourier validation rig.
 
-## Status
+## What works
 
-The v4l2-request libVA backend currently supports the following formats:
+| SoC / host | HW-accelerated codecs | Bit-exact vs `kdirect` |
-* MPEG2 (Simple and Main profiles)
+|---|---|---|
-* H264 (Baseline, Main and High profiles)
+| RK3399 (fresnel — Pinebook Pro) | H.264, HEVC Main, VP9 Profile 0, VP8, MPEG-2 | 5/5 at iter38; preserved through iter40b |
-* H265 (Main profile)
+| RK3588 (ampere) | H.264 + HEVC (iter1+iter2 ampere-fourier); **mainline rkvdec / VDPU381 + VDPU383 landed February 2026** — VP9 / AV1 verification next | iter1 H.264 PASS; remaining codecs gated on mainline-driver bring-up |
+| RK3568 / RK3566 (ohm — PineTab2) | H.264, MPEG-2, VP8 via hantro multi-planar | iter1-5 baseline (libva-multiplanar campaign) |
+| BCM2712 (higgs — Pi 5 / CM5) | — | infrastructure landed (iter40 / iter40b), bit-exact NOT achieved, [see § Pi 5 standoff](#the-pi-5-standoff) |
+
+`kdirect` is the reference: `ffmpeg -hwaccel v4l2request
+-hwaccel_output_format drm_prime ...` via Kwiboo's downstream ffmpeg
+patches (packaged here as **`ffmpeg-v4l2-request-fourier`**, FFmpeg 8.1
+tip @ Kwiboo `v4l2-request-n8.1` commit `b57fbbe`).
+
+## Quickstart
+
+### What you need for HW-accelerated YouTube in Firefox
+
+The full stack, top to bottom, with the package this campaign provides
+at each layer:
+
+| Layer | Package(s) | Notes |
+|---|---|---|
+| Linux kernel with V4L2 stateless decoders | `linux-fresnel-fourier` (RK3399), `linux-ampere-fourier` (RK3588) | Mainline rkvdec / hantro / VDPU381 / VDPU383. ohm typically rides on a Beryllium OS host kernel. |
+| `ffmpeg` with Kwiboo's v4l2-request hwaccel | `ffmpeg-v4l2-request-fourier` | Provides `-hwaccel drm -c:v hevc` (and h264/vp9) routes via libavcodec hwdevice DRM. |
+| `libva` VA-API runtime + this backend ICD | `libva` (stock) + **`libva-v4l2-request-fourier`** | This repo. Auto-detects rkvdec / hantro / cedrus on probe. |
+| Firefox patched to call libavcodec stateless | `firefox-fourier` | 5-patch series, ~+169 LoC over stock Firefox. Validated on fresnel: **~5 % CPU at 1080p30 H.264** (vs 64 % software). |
+| (Wayland alt) Chromium patched for V4L2VDA | `chromium-fourier` + `kwin-fourier` | Validated on ohm under KDE Plasma 6.6.5 Wayland. Needs `kwin-fourier` for the dmabuf-fence latency fix. |
+| (Optional) panfrost / panthor GPU stack | `vulkan-panfrost` | Wayland compositor + 3D. |
+
+The actual VA-API path is mostly historical inside this campaign — the
+**user-facing browser HW decode story rides libavcodec's
+`v4l2_request` hwaccel directly**, not VAAPI-via-libva. Firefox-fourier
+attaches an `AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_DRM` context to libavcodec's generic
+`h264`/`hevc`/`vp9` decoder; libavcodec then auto-binds the
+`v4l2_request` hwaccel from its `hw_configs`. No `LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME`
+incantation needed for browser use. libva-v4l2-request-fourier matters
+for mpv, ffmpeg-as-vaapi, and other VA-API direct consumers.
+
+### Install on Arch ALARM (fresnel / ampere / ohm)
+
+Add the marfrit repo if you haven't already:
+
+```ini
+# /etc/pacman.conf
+[marfrit]
+SigLevel = Required
+Server = https://packages.reauktion.de/arch/$arch
+```
+
+Import the signing key (one-time):
+
+```bash
+sudo pacman-key --recv-keys <KEY-ID>   # see https://packages.reauktion.de
+sudo pacman-key --lsign-key <KEY-ID>
+sudo pacman -Sy
+```
+
+Then per host:
+
+```bash
+# Fresnel — RK3399 Pinebook Pro
+sudo pacman -S \
+    linux-fresnel-fourier linux-fresnel-fourier-headers \
+    ffmpeg-v4l2-request-fourier \
+    libva-v4l2-request-fourier \
+    firefox-fourier
+
+# Ampere — RK3588
+sudo pacman -S \
+    linux-ampere-fourier linux-ampere-fourier-headers \
+    ffmpeg-v4l2-request-fourier \
+    libva-v4l2-request-fourier \
+    firefox-fourier
+
+# Ohm — RK3566 PineTab2 (chromium-fourier validated path)
+sudo pacman -S \
+    ffmpeg-v4l2-request-fourier \
+    libva-v4l2-request-fourier \
+    kwin-fourier
+# chromium-fourier currently still a local build — see § Status
+```
+
+Reboot if a new kernel landed. Then:
+
+```bash
+# Smoke-test: vainfo should list HEVCMain + H264 entries
+LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME=v4l2_request vainfo
+
+# Browser launch with verbose decoder logging
+MOZ_LOG="PlatformDecoderModule:5,FFmpegVideo:5" \
+  firefox-fourier 2>&1 | tee /tmp/fx.log
+
+# Then open a YouTube 1080p H.264 video and grep for:
+#   "Choosing FFmpeg pixel format for V4L2 video decoding"
+#   "av_hwdevice_ctx_create(DRM, /dev/dri/renderD128) ok"
+# If you DON'T see those: HW path didn't engage, fell back to software.
+```
+
+### Status of the published vs locally-built packages
+
+As of May 2026, the live marfrit repo at
+<https://packages.reauktion.de/arch/aarch64/> has:
+
+- ✓ `libva-v4l2-request-fourier-1:1.0.0.r361.cf8cd9d-1` (iter40b tip)
+- ✓ `ffmpeg-v4l2-request-fourier-2:8.1.r123329.b57fbbe-3` (Kwiboo's
+  v4l2-request-n8.1 + libudev-bypass; smoke-tested on fresnel —
+  HEVC via `-hwaccel v4l2request` PASS)
+- ✓ `firefox-fourier-150.0.1-16` (5-patch series, sandboxed RDD HW
+  decode validated on RK3399: ~5 % CPU at 1080p30 H.264)
+- ✓ `linux-fresnel-fourier-7.0-14` + headers (RK3399)
+- ✓ `linux-ampere-fourier-7.0rc3.kafr1-1` + headers (RK3588)
+- ✓ `kwin-fourier-1:6.6.5-1` (Wayland dmabuf-fence fix for chromium-fourier)
+- ✓ `vulkan-panfrost-1:26.0.5-1` (GPU stack)
+
+NOT yet published but **present in `marfrit-packages/arch/` source
+tree** (build + publish pending):
+
+- ⏳ `chromium-fourier` (Chromium 147 + V4L2VDA-on-mainline patches —
+  blocked on Arch ALARM bumping clang 22 → 23).
+- ⏳ `qt6-base-fourier` (GL_ALPHA → GL_R8 fix — needed by KDE Plasma
+  Wayland on the panfrost stack).
+
+If you need those locally before they ship:
+
+```bash
+git clone ssh://git@git.reauktion.de:2222/marfrit/marfrit-packages.git
+cd marfrit-packages/arch/<package>
+makepkg -si
+```
+
+## What does NOT work, and why it's stalled
+
+| Target | Status | Blocker |
+|---|---|---|
+| H264 Hi10P on RK3399 | enumerated, decode returns all-zero | RK3399 silicon doesn't implement 10-bit despite kernel advertising the profile (iter39 close, Option B applied) |
+| HEVC Main10 on RK3399 | not enumerated | same as Hi10P |
+| **Pi 5 / CM5 (BCM2712 / `rpi-hevc-dec`)** | infrastructure landed (iter40 / iter40b), bit-exact NOT achieved | see "The Pi 5 standoff" below |
+
+## What does NOT work, and why it's stalled
+
+| Target | Status | Blocker |
+|---|---|---|
+| H264 Hi10P on RK3399 | enumerated, decode returns all-zero | RK3399 silicon doesn't implement 10-bit despite kernel advertising the profile (iter39 close, Option B applied) |
+| HEVC Main10 on RK3399 | not enumerated | same as Hi10P |
+| **Pi 5 / CM5 (BCM2712 / `rpi-hevc-dec`)** | infrastructure landed (iter40 / iter40b), bit-exact NOT achieved | see "The Pi 5 standoff" below |
+
+### The Pi 5 standoff
+
+iter40 + iter40b add a third multi-device-probe slot for
+`rpi-hevc-dec`, an NC12 SAND128 detile primitive, per-driver gates
+around the SPS pre-seed + start-code-prepend + scaling_matrix submission,
+and a (fragile, fixture-specific) SPS field override using the
+GStreamer 1.28.2 H.265 parser. ICD discovery works, `vainfo` lists
+`VAProfileHEVCMain`, S\_FMT / REQBUFS / STREAMON all succeed.
+
+**Decode itself never succeeds** — every CAPTURE DQBUF returns
+`V4L2_BUF_FLAG_ERROR`. Driver author John Cox confirmed strict SPS
+validation is intentional ("`try_ext_ctrls returned an error (22)` is
+expected as it is validating the SPS"), and VAAPI's
+`VAPictureParameterBufferHEVC` simply doesn't carry the bitstream-true
+scalars (`sps_max_num_reorder_pics`, `sps_max_latency_increase_plus1`,
+slice-level `num_entry_point_offsets`) that the driver wants. We can't
+fish the SPS out of `source_data` either, because ffmpeg-vaapi parses
+the SPS itself and passes only slice NAL bytes to libva backends.
+
+This is not a bug in our backend, in libva, in ffmpeg, or in the kernel
+driver. It's an ecosystem coordination failure of long standing:
+
+- **Kwiboo's `ffmpeg-v4l2request` hwaccel** has been in production via
+  LibreELEC since December 2018. Re-submitted to ffmpeg-devel as a v2
+  series in August 2024. Still un-merged in May 2026 — **eight years
+  in the upstream review queue**.
+- **`libva-v4l2-request`** (this project's upstream) hasn't taken
+  meaningful commits since ~2021. Nobody wants to own the impedance
+  mismatch between VAAPI's Intel-shaped "give me raw bitstream, I'll
+  parse" and V4L2 stateless's kernel-shaped "give me parsed structs,
+  I'll just drive the HW."
+- **`rpi-hevc-dec` mainline submission** is at v4 (July 2025), 17
+  months in review. The Pi 6.18.x downstream kernel meanwhile has
+  active HEVC regressions ([raspberrypi/linux#7228](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/issues/7228),
+  [#7306](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/issues/7306)) that
+  aren't being fast-tracked because "the new uAPI is coming."
+- **Mozilla is implementing Pi 5 HEVC via ffmpeg's hwaccel-context
+  path** (bug [1969297](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1969297)),
+  not via libva — explicit acknowledgement from David Turner that
+  libavcodec needs to retain the SPS context for the strict driver to
+  accept the control batch.
+
+What end-users actually do today: run Pi OS (downstream-patched ffmpeg
++ downstream kernel) or LibreELEC (Kwiboo's patches + downstream
+kernel). Anyone on a stock distro outside those two: no HW HEVC on
+Pi 5.
+
+Nobody who has authority to merge has skin in the game. Everyone with
+skin in the game lacks authority. Result: 8-year stalemate, three
+forks of working code, no merged upstream.
+
+### What this means for this backend
+
+We chose to extend `libva-v4l2-request` into Pi 5 territory because
+the architecture maps cleanly onto the existing iter38 multi-device
+probe. That work landed (iter40 commit `3ffa9d0`, iter40b commit
+`071b08d`). It's reusable infrastructure for any future strict V4L2
+stateless decoder that ffmpeg ships before libva does.
+
+But the *user-facing* Pi 5 HEVC story will not come from this
+backend. The backend was a clean architectural target inside a
+coordination dead-end. The actual Pi 5 HEVC path through libva
+requires either:
+
+- a VAAPI extension exposing the SPS scalars rpi-hevc-dec validates
+  against (Intel-driven; no Pi-aligned principal),
+- a libva-internal `VABufferType` for raw SPS/PPS NAL bytes (no
+  maintainer),
+- ffmpeg-vaapi forwarding `num_entry_point_offsets` to backends
+  (small upstream patch; no champion), OR
+- the political situation around Kwiboo's series unblocks (no
+  visible movement).
+
+iter40 + iter40b are **landed but parked**. The fresnel + ampere
+sibling paths are unaffected (5/5 fresnel + 9 profiles ampere
+verified post-iter40b, no regression). Phase 8 packaging is
+deliberately skipped — shipping a `.deb` whose primary advertised
+target (Pi 5) doesn't actually decode would mislead users.
+
+See `phase0_pi5_hevc.md`, `phase1_pi5_hevc.md`,
+`phase5_pi5_hevc_review.md`, `phase7_pi5_hevc_close.md` for the
+chapter's full empirical record.
 
 ## Instructions
 
-In order to use this libVA backend, the `v4l2_request` driver has to
+In order to use this backend, set the `LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME` environment
-be specified through the `LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME` environment variable, as
+variable:
-such:
 
 	export LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME=v4l2_request
 
-A media player that supports VAAPI (such as VLC) can then be used to decode a
+Then a VA-API-capable player can decode supported codecs on a probed
-video in a supported format:
+device:
 
-	vlc path/to/video.mpg
+	vlc path/to/video.mp4
+	mpv --hwdec=vaapi path/to/video.mp4
+	ffmpeg -hwaccel vaapi -hwaccel_output_format vaapi -i in.mp4 -f null -
 
-Sample media files can be obtained from:
+The backend auto-detects available decoders via the V4L2 media
-
+topology walk; honors `LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_VIDEO_PATH` and
-	http://samplemedia.linaro.org/MPEG2/
+`LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_MEDIA_PATH` for explicit device selection.
-	http://samplemedia.linaro.org/MPEG4/SVT/
 
 ## Technical Notes
 
-### Surface
+### Multi-device probe (iter38)
 
-A Surface is an internal data structure never handled by the VA's user
+A single libva session opens both `rkvdec` and `hantro-vpu` (and, on
-containing the output of a rendering. Usualy, a bunch of surfaces are created
+hosts where it's present, `rpi-hevc-dec`) at init. `RequestCreateConfig`
-at the begining of decoding and they are then used alternatively. When
+re-targets the active fd per profile via
-created, a surface is assigned a corresponding v4l capture buffer and it is
+`request_switch_device_for_profile()`. Pool teardown happens at
-kept until the end of decoding. Syncing a surface waits for the v4l buffer to
+switch time; the next `CreateContext` rebuilds against the right
-be available and then dequeue it.
+device.
 
-Note: since a Surface is kept private from the VA's user, it can ask to
+### Surface / Context / Picture / Image
-directly render a Surface on screen in an X Drawable. Some kind of
-implementation is available in PutSurface but this is only for development
-purpose.
 
-### Context
+A Surface is an internal data structure containing rendering output.
+A Context owns the V4L2 lifecycle (S\_FMT, CAPTURE pool, ctrl-batch
+defaults) for one decode session. A Picture is one encoded input
+frame's set of buffers. An Image is a Standard VA pixel-format view
+on a decoded Surface — the backend detiles SAND/COL128 or unpacks
+NV15 to NV12/P010 here so consumers see linear pitches.
 
-A Context is a global data structure used for rendering a video of a certain
+The real rendering is in `EndPicture`, not `RenderPicture`, because
-format. When a context is created, input buffers are created and v4l's output
+the kernel needs the full extended-control batch when the OUTPUT
-(which is the compressed data input queue, since capture is the real output)
+buffer is queued, and `RenderPicture` order is consumer-defined.
-format is set.
-
-### Picture
-
-A Picture is an encoded input frame made of several buffers. A single input
-can contain slice data, headers and IQ matrix. Each Picture is assigned a
-request ID when created and each corresponding buffer might be turned into a
-v4l buffers or extended control when rendered. Finally they are submitted to
-kernel space when reaching EndPicture.
-
-The real rendering is done in EndPicture instead of RenderPicture
-because the v4l2 driver expects to have the full corresponding
-extended control when a buffer is queued and we don't know in which
-order the different RenderPicture will be called.
-
-### Image
-
-An Image is a standard data structure containing rendered frames in a usable
-pixel format. Here we only use NV12 buffers which are converted from sunxi's
-proprietary tiled pixel format with tiled_yuv when deriving an Image from a
-Surface.

include/drm_fourcc.h

@@ -195,6 +195,11 @@ extern "C" {
 #define DRM_FORMAT_NV24		fourcc_code('N', 'V', '2', '4') /* non-subsampled Cr:Cb plane */
 #define DRM_FORMAT_NV42		fourcc_code('N', 'V', '4', '2') /* non-subsampled Cb:Cr plane */
 
+/* iter39: NV15 is 4×10-bit packed in 5 bytes (Rockchip rkvdec 10-bit output). */
+#ifndef DRM_FORMAT_NV15
+#define DRM_FORMAT_NV15		fourcc_code('N', 'V', '1', '5') /* 2x2 subsampled Cr:Cb plane 10 bits per channel packed */
+#endif
+
 /*
  * 3 plane YCbCr
  * index 0: Y plane, [7:0] Y

meson_options.txt

@@ -4,3 +4,14 @@ option(
     value : '',
     description: 'Path to sanitized Linux Kernel headers'
 )
+
+option(
+    'daedalus_v4l2',
+    type : 'boolean',
+    value : true,
+    description: 'Enable probe + dispatch for the out-of-tree daedalus_v4l2 ' +
+                 'stateless decoder shim (Pi 5 / CM5 daemon-backed VP9/AV1/H264). ' +
+                 'Default true; disable on platforms where the daedalus_v4l2 ' +
+                 'kernel module will never be present to slim the probe array.'
+)
+

phase0_pi5_hevc.md

@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+# Phase 0 — Pi 5 / CM5 HEVC chapter
+
+Opened 2026-05-17 evening, after the failed `libva-v4l2-stateful-fourier`
+scaffold attempt. Brother-session empirical Phase 0 on higgs invalidated
+the stateful premise: rpi-hevc-dec is V4L2 **stateless**, so Pi 5 HEVC
+belongs in this backend, not a separate sibling.
+
+No code in this chapter yet. This doc is the substrate. Phase 1 picks up
+from the "Open questions" section.
+
+## Substrate
+
+### Target host
+
+higgs — Pi CM5 module on Pi CM5 IO board. BCM2712 SoC. VPN-only, often
+offline; wake via HIS skill recipe (no Fritz!Box plug — runs on power
+when on). Debian-based. Sole HW video decoder is rpi-hevc-dec at
+`/dev/video19` + `/dev/media1`.
+
+### Backend baseline at chapter open
+
+`libva-v4l2-request-fourier` master tip `cf8cd9d` (iter39 + Option B +
+h265 ref-list cap fix). Multi-device probe (iter38) already opens
+rkvdec + hantro slots; adding a third decoder slot for rpi-hevc-dec is
+a natural extension of that architecture.
+
+iter2 (ampere VDPU381 HEVC EXT_SPS) added the GStreamer 1.28.2 H.265
+parser vendor + EXT_SPS_ST_RPS / _LT_RPS dynamic-array submission. That
+plumbing is probe-gated (`has_hevc_ext_sps_rps_rkvdec`), so it stays
+dormant on hosts where the controls don't exist.
+
+### Empirical higgs probe (brother session)
+
+`v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video19 --list-formats-ext --list-ctrls`:
+
+```
+Stateless Codec Controls
+
+  hevc_sequence_parameter_set        (compound, V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_SPS)
+  hevc_picture_parameter_set         (compound, V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_PPS)
+  slice_param_array                  (compound dynamic-array dims=[4096])
+  hevc_scaling_matrix                (compound)
+  hevc_decode_parameters             (compound)
+  hevc_decode_mode                   (menu, "Frame-Based")
+  hevc_start_code                    (menu, default "No Start Code")
+
+OUTPUT formats:
+  S265  V4L2_PIX_FMT_HEVC_SLICE  (parsed slice payload)
+
+CAPTURE formats:
+  NC12  V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128       (8-bit  SAND 128-column tiled)
+  NC30  V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_10_COL128    (10-bit SAND 128-column tiled)
+```
+
+Conclusion: this is the standard `V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_*` control set
+exposed under the V4L2-request uAPI, exactly the same family our backend
+already drives for rkvdec/hantro/cedrus HEVC paths. The novel parts are
+two pixel formats (NC12, NC30) and one driver-id (rpi-hevc-dec).
+
+## What carries forward unchanged
+
+- VAAPI HEVC profile enumeration (`config.c`)
+- `h265_set_controls` core path (`h265.c`) — same compound ctrl set
+- Synthetic SPS pre-seed pattern (iter25/26) — already runs pre-CAPTURE-alloc
+- Multi-device dispatch in `RequestCreateConfig` (iter38)
+- VAAPI slice / picture / IQ matrix buffer parsing
+- HEVC h264-style start-code policy (we already DON'T prepend for HEVC)
+
+## What needs adding
+
+| Item | Location | Sizing |
+|------|----------|--------|
+| `RPI_HEVC_DEC` enum in `driver_kind_t` | `request.h` | trivial |
+| Multi-device probe extends to `/dev/video19` discovery | `context.c` / `request.c` init | small — mirror hantro slot |
+| `V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128` (NC12) `video_format` entry | `video.c` | small |
+| `V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_10_COL128` (NC30) `video_format` entry | `video.c` | small |
+| NC12 → NV12 detile primitive | new `nv12_col128.c` | mid — column tile layout, see kernel docs |
+| NC30 → P010 detile primitive | new `nv12_col128.c` | mid — 10-bit variant of above |
+| `copy_surface_to_image` branch for NC12/NC30 | `image.c` | small (mirror NV15→P010 gating) |
+| Per-driver gating for any rpi-specific quirks discovered | various | per [[per-driver-kludge-gating]] |
+
+## Open questions for Phase 1
+
+Lock these before Phase 1 commits to a goal.
+
+1. **EXT_SPS controls on rpi-hevc-dec?** Brother's `--list-ctrls` output
+   above shows the standard `V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_*` family — NOT the
+   `EXT_SPS_ST_RPS` / `EXT_SPS_LT_RPS` extensions that VDPU381 needs.
+   Verify: does `slice_param_array[4096]` accept `st_rps_bits` /
+   `lt_rps_bits` in the per-slice payload, or does rpi-hevc-dec parse RPS
+   itself from the slice header? If the latter, the iter2 EXT_SPS path
+   stays dormant (probe-gated already), and rpi-hevc-dec just needs the
+   `picture->st_rps_bits` → `slice_params->short_term_ref_pic_set_size`
+   plumbing that iter31 α-29 already wired. Expectation: works out of the
+   box. Confirm before assuming.
+
+2. **`hevc_start_code` ctrl: "No Start Code" vs Annex B?** Brother saw
+   default `"No Start Code"` — matches our behavior (we don't prepend on
+   HEVC). But the ctrl is configurable. Verify the menu values exposed
+   and confirm "No Start Code" passes our raw slice-NAL payload as-is.
+   If it doesn't, set the ctrl explicitly per [[unconditional-codec-state]]
+   gating.
+
+3. **NC12 / NC30 SAND tile layout — exact spec.** Read
+   `Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/pixfmt-yuv-planar.rst` for the
+   COL128 variants. Confirm: column stride = 128 bytes (Y) / 128 bytes
+   (UV interleaved). Row count = `ALIGN(height, 16)` or `ALIGN(height, 8)`?
+   Get the exact alignment and tile-traversal order before writing the
+   detile primitive. Cite from kernel doc, NOT inferred from a hex dump.
+
+4. **drm_prime / SAND modifier round-trip.** Does ffmpeg-vaapi (and
+   Firefox) accept the NC12 buffer via DRM_PRIME export carrying the
+   DRM_FORMAT_MOD_BROADCOM_SAND128_COL_HEIGHT modifier, allowing
+   zero-copy to a SAND-aware compositor? Or is libva-side detile to a
+   linear NV12 buffer the only viable Firefox path? If detile is
+   required for the consumer, the [[rockchip-pixel-verify-path]] rule
+   (DMA-BUF GL preferred over cached mmap) might NOT apply since SAND
+   is Pi-specific and not in the wider Wayland modifier ecosystem.
+
+5. **rpi-hevc-dec quirks on first SPS submission.** rkvdec needs
+   image_fmt pre-seed before CAPTURE alloc (iter25). Does rpi-hevc-dec
+   have an analogous "must set OUTPUT pix_fmt + SPS before CAPTURE"
+   ordering? Verify with strace early.
+
+6. **higgs OS + libva versioning.** Brother probed on Debian. We package
+   for Arch ALARM. What's the install path on higgs — Arch / Debian /
+   Raspberry Pi OS? If Debian, the package needs a `debian/` tree, not
+   just PKGBUILD. Decide packaging target before Phase 8.
+
+## Phase 1 goal sketch (NOT locked)
+
+> Firefox HW HEVC playback on higgs at ≥30fps for 1080p Main, byte-exact
+> libva-vs-kdirect for ≥3 reference fixtures (8-bit Main and 10-bit Main10).
+
+Two measurable subgoals follow naturally:
+- libva (this backend, NV12 image output) == kdirect (ffmpeg-v4l2request,
+  NV12 image output) byte-exact for the same input.
+- Firefox VA-API path engages (verify via `chrome://gpu` equivalent / log
+  inspection — `MOZ_LOG=PlatformDecoderModule:5`).
+
+## Phase 3 baseline plan
+
+Before any backend code touches rpi-hevc-dec:
+- `kdirect` floor: `ffmpeg -hwaccel v4l2request -hwaccel_output_format drm_prime
+  -i bbb_720p10s_hevc.mp4 -vf hwdownload,format=nv12 -frames:v 10 ...` and
+  sha256 the YUV.
+- `SW reference`: same ffmpeg without `-hwaccel`, sha256 the YUV.
+- Both runs N=3 per [[replicate-baseline-first]].
+- Capture `strace -f -e ioctl` of the kdirect run — gives the canonical
+  ioctl sequence rpi-hevc-dec expects.
+
+## Phase 0 closing
+
+This doc commits the substrate. Phase 1 starts when:
+- higgs is up + reachable
+- Open questions 1+2 (EXT_SPS + start_code) are answered live, in one
+  short probe session
+- Phase 3 baseline floors are captured
+
+No work blocks the close of iter39 / fresnel campaign — those are shipped.
+
+## Phase 0 close addendum (2026-05-17 evening, higgs probe session)
+
+Empirical probes on higgs answered Q1, Q2, partial Q3, full Q5, full Q6.
+Q4 (DRM modifier round-trip) remains open. Phase 0 is closed; Phase 1
+opens with what's below.
+
+### Q1 — EXT_SPS controls on rpi-hevc-dec: NOT present
+
+`v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video19 --list-ctrls` confirms ONLY the standard
+`V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_*` set:
+- `hevc_sequence_parameter_set` (0x00a40a90)
+- `hevc_picture_parameter_set` (0x00a40a91)
+- `slice_param_array` (0x00a40a92, dynamic-array dims=[4096])
+- `hevc_scaling_matrix` (0x00a40a93)
+- `hevc_decode_parameters` (0x00a40a94)
+- `hevc_decode_mode` (0x00a40a95, menu min=1 max=1 default=1 = Frame-Based)
+- `hevc_start_code` (0x00a40a96, menu min=0 max=1 default=0 = No Start Code)
+- 0x00a40a97 returns EINVAL (no EXT_SPS_*_RPS controls)
+
+ioctl trace confirms ffmpeg's `VIDIOC_QUERY_EXT_CTRL` for `0xa97` returns
+EINVAL — same probe pattern our backend uses for
+`has_hevc_ext_sps_rps_rkvdec`. **The iter2 path stays dormant; the
+iter31 α-29 `slice_params->short_term_ref_pic_set_size` plumbing is the
+correct one for rpi-hevc-dec.**
+
+### Q2 — hevc_start_code: default 0 (No Start Code), values {0, 1}
+
+Default 0 matches our backend's "don't prepend HEVC start code" stance.
+Confirm in Phase 1: rpi-hevc-dec accepts our raw NAL slice payload as-is.
+
+### Q3 — NC12 / NC30 SAND tile layout: PARTIAL
+
+CAPTURE S_FMT result for 1280×720 NC12:
+- `sizeimage=1382400` = `1280 × 720 × 1.5` (linear NV12 byte count)
+- `bytesperline=1080` (NOT 1280)
+
+The bytesperline=1080 for a 1280-wide CAPTURE buffer is suspect — likely
+encodes SAND column count rather than linear stride. Read
+`drivers/staging/media/rpivid/` (or wherever NC12_COL128 lives in 6.12)
+kernel source + `drm_fourcc.h` / `nv12_col128.rst` (if it exists) for
+exact tile layout BEFORE writing the detile primitive. Do NOT infer
+layout from this single observation.
+
+### Q4 — DRM modifier round-trip: BLOCKED on hwdownload
+
+ffmpeg `-hwaccel drm -hwaccel_output_format drm_prime -vf
+hwmap=mode=read,format=nv12` returns `Failed to map frame: -38`
+(`Function not implemented`). hwdownload cannot consume the SAND
+modifier directly.
+
+ffmpeg's path that DOES work: `-hwaccel drm -c:v hevc` WITHOUT
+`-hwaccel_output_format drm_prime` lets ffmpeg's internal pipeline pull
+back, detile (presumably via a Pi-specific helper or libdrm transform),
+and present NV12 to the next filter. Bit-exact vs SW for the test
+fixture (1280×720 Main 8-bit) — confirms HW engagement.
+
+Phase 1 / Phase 4 will need to decide:
+- Detile in the backend (CPU SIMD), exposing NV12 via VAImage; or
+- Pass-through DRM_PRIME with SAND modifier and let the consumer
+  (compositor / Firefox) detile. Firefox almost certainly can't, so
+  CPU detile is the safe bet.
+
+### Q5 — rpi-hevc-dec submission ordering: empirically locked
+
+`strace -e ioctl` of the kdirect run shows:
+1. `MEDIA_IOC_DEVICE_INFO` + `MEDIA_IOC_G_TOPOLOGY` (per media node)
+2. `VIDIOC_QUERYCAP` per video node — `driver="rpi-hevc-dec"` identifies
+   the right one
+3. `VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT` OUTPUT → S265 only
+4. `VIDIOC_S_FMT` OUTPUT (HEVC_SLICE, placeholder dims)
+5. `VIDIOC_REQBUFS` OUTPUT (DMABUF, count=N) — count=6 in kdirect
+6. `VIDIOC_S_FMT` CAPTURE (NC12, actual dims from SPS parse)
+7. `VIDIOC_CREATE_BUFS` CAPTURE (DMABUF, count=16)
+8. `VIDIOC_STREAMON` both queues
+9. `VIDIOC_QUERY_EXT_CTRL` enumeration
+10. `VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS` (decode_mode + start_code) — global ctrls
+11. Per frame: `VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS` (SPS+PPS+decode_params+slice_array,
+    class=0xf010000 = per-request) + `VIDIOC_QBUF` CAPTURE + `VIDIOC_QBUF`
+    OUTPUT (with `V4L2_BUF_FLAG_IN_REQUEST | V4L2_BUF_FLAG_REQUEST_FD`) +
+    `VIDIOC_DQBUF` OUTPUT + `VIDIOC_DQBUF` CAPTURE
+
+**Two structural notes for the backend:**
+- OUTPUT + CAPTURE both use `V4L2_MEMORY_DMABUF` in kdirect. Our backend
+  currently uses MMAP for CAPTURE on rkvdec/hantro. For Pi 5 we should
+  either follow kdirect (DMABUF, allows zero-copy DRM_PRIME export) or
+  use MMAP and CPU-detile. Phase 4 design decision.
+- The order `S_FMT OUTPUT → REQBUFS OUTPUT → S_FMT CAPTURE → CREATE_BUFS
+  CAPTURE → STREAMON` differs from our iter25 rkvdec pre-seed pattern
+  (where SPS via S_EXT_CTRLS must come BEFORE CAPTURE alloc to resolve
+  the image_fmt). rpi-hevc-dec apparently DOESN'T need that pre-seed —
+  CAPTURE S_FMT just takes the explicit NC12 + caller's dims. Confirm
+  in Phase 1 by trying our existing iter25 pre-seed flow against it.
+
+### Q6 — packaging: Debian 13 trixie, NOT Arch
+
+higgs runs Debian 13 trixie (`PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie)"`),
+not Arch ALARM. Phase 8 (per the dev-process Phase 8 packaging rule) for
+the Pi 5 chapter needs a `debian/` packaging tree, not just a PKGBUILD.
+
+Decide in Phase 1 whether to:
+- Add Debian packaging to `marfrit-packages` as a second target, OR
+- Use distrobox/podman with an Arch ALARM container on higgs for
+  install (test-only, not production), OR
+- Pi 5 chapter ships a Debian source pkg via gitea / a personal Debian
+  repo.
+
+### Other new findings from the probe session
+
+- **ffmpeg 7.1.3 from Debian 13 is built with `--enable-v4l2-request`**
+  — the kdirect path exists. Invocation is `ffmpeg -hwaccel drm -c:v
+  hevc` (not just `-hwaccel drm`; the explicit codec flag matters for
+  the negotiation). Engagement log line is
+  `Hwaccel V4L2 HEVC stateless V4; devices: /dev/media1,/dev/video19;
+  buffers: src DMABuf, dst DMABuf; swfmt=rpi4_8`. Per
+  [[hw-decode-engagement-check]], grep for that line to confirm HW path
+  engaged.
+- **No libva ICD installed on higgs** — only `armada-drm_dri.so` ships,
+  which doesn't apply. We'd be the first VA-API HW path for HEVC on Pi
+  5 once installed.
+- **mpv is apt-installable** (`mpv 0.40.0-3+deb13u1`) — useful as a
+  pixel-readback verifier once the backend works (`mpv --vo=image` or
+  `--vo=drm`).
+- **Firefox 145.0.1 + rpi-firefox-mods 20251016 installed** (firefox-esr
+  package status was `rc` = removed but config remains). The mods
+  package likely contains VA-API plumbing prefs.
+
+### What changes for Phase 1
+
+- Goal is now phrasable: HEVC bit-exact libva-vs-kdirect on higgs for
+  the 1280×720 Main 8-bit test fixture (same generator as
+  `/tmp/bbb_main.mp4` here). Kdirect engagement signal is the
+  `Hwaccel V4L2 HEVC stateless V4` log line.
+- Most backend code reuses existing rkvdec/hantro HEVC path: ctrls,
+  per-frame submission, request_fd, multi-device probe pattern.
+- New code: NC12 video_format entry + detile primitive (sibling to
+  `nv15_unpack_plane_to_p010`) + RPI_HEVC_DEC driver_kind.
+- Packaging target = Debian, not Arch.

phase1_pi5_hevc.md

@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+# Phase 1+2+3+4 — Pi 5 HEVC chapter (iter40)
+
+Per [[feedback_dev_process]], Phase 1 (goal), Phase 2 (situation analysis),
+Phase 3 (baselines), Phase 4 (plan) for adding rpi-hevc-dec as a third
+multi-device-probe slot in `libva-v4l2-request-fourier`. Phase 0 substrate
++ open-question answers live at `phase0_pi5_hevc.md`.
+
+## Phase 1 — Goal
+
+> **libva-v4l2-request-fourier on higgs** decodes HEVC Main 8-bit input
+> producing NV12 output **bit-exact vs kdirect** for three reference
+> fixtures (640×360, 1280×720, 1920×1080 — Main profile, libx265
+> ultrafast). HW path engagement verified via the kernel-driver lsof
+> signal (`/dev/video19` open) AND ffmpeg-vaapi engagement signal
+> (`Hwaccel V4L2 HEVC stateless V4; devices: /dev/media1,/dev/video19`).
+
+Measurable:
+
+| Criterion | Metric |
+|---|---|
+| C1 — vainfo enumeration | `LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME=v4l2_request vainfo` lists `VAProfileHEVCMain : VAEntrypointVLD` |
+| C2 — bit-exact decode | sha256 of libva NV12 output == sha256 of kdirect NV12 output, per fixture, N=1 |
+| C3 — HW engagement | `lsof` shows `/dev/video19` open by ffmpeg-vaapi during libva run |
+| C4 — Stability under N=3 | C2 holds at N=3 repeated runs (deterministic) |
+| C5 — Sibling baseline preserved | fresnel iter38 5/5 still PASS post-iter40 (no regression to rkvdec/hantro path) |
+
+Out of scope this iter: Main10 (10-bit / NC30), VP9, AV1, Firefox VA-API
+engagement testing, performance benchmarks. All later chapters.
+
+## Phase 2 — Situation Analysis
+
+### Backend architecture already in place
+
+- **Multi-device probe (iter38)**: at `VA_DRIVER_INIT` opens both
+  `rkvdec` + `hantro-vpu` via `find_decoder_device_by_driver(name)`.
+  Stores per-driver fds (`video_fd_{rkvdec,hantro}`,
+  `media_fd_{rkvdec,hantro}`). `RequestCreateConfig` retargets the
+  "active" `driver_data->{video,media}_fd` per profile via
+  `request_switch_device_for_profile()` (request.c:426-478).
+- **Per-driver feature gating**: `request_data->has_hevc_ext_sps_rps_{rkvdec,hantro}`
+  pair, with `h265_set_controls` consulting the per-fd flag. Established
+  by iter2 / Phase 5 review (request.h:99-100). This is the canonical
+  per-driver gating shape for iter40.
+- **HEVC ctrl population**: `h265_set_controls` populates the standard
+  `V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_*` set (h265.c). Probe-gates EXT_SPS_*_RPS
+  via the iter2 path — naturally dormant for rpi-hevc-dec since the
+  controls don't exist.
+- **Synthetic SPS pre-seed (iter25/26)**: needed for rkvdec to resolve
+  `image_fmt` before CAPTURE alloc. Phase 0 strace shows rpi-hevc-dec
+  does NOT need this — it accepts NC12 + explicit dims on `S_FMT
+  CAPTURE` directly. The pre-seed code path stays in place for rkvdec;
+  rpi-hevc-dec just doesn't trigger it (gate on driver_kind).
+- **CAPTURE detile primitive**: `nv15_unpack_plane_to_p010()` (nv15.c)
+  is the template — backend already CPU-detiles when a Pi-or-Rockchip-
+  specific CAPTURE format meets a linear consumer (VAImage NV12 / P010).
+- **Single-plane (S) vs multi-plane (M) handling**: hantro uses MPLANE,
+  rkvdec uses both depending on codec. rpi-hevc-dec exposes MPLANE for
+  BOTH OUTPUT (HEVC_SLICE) and CAPTURE (NC12) per the strace. iter38
+  already supports MPLANE handling for hantro; rpi reuses that.
+
+### Surface area to touch (audit)
+
+| File | What changes | Size |
+|------|--------------|------|
+| `src/request.h` | Add `video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec`, `media_fd_rpi_hevc_dec`, `has_hevc_ext_sps_rps_rpi_hevc_dec` (mirror iter38 + iter2 layout) | ~10 lines |
+| `src/request.c` | (a) Extend init -1 block to cover new fds. (b) Recognize `rpi-hevc-dec` as a 3rd primary/alt driver string in the probe loop. (c) Extend `request_device_kind_for_profile` so HEVC→'p' when rpi-hevc-dec is present, else 'r'. (d) Extend `request_switch_device_for_profile` 'p' branch. (e) Probe HEVC ext_sps on the new fd (will be false, mirrors hantro entry). | ~80 lines |
+| `src/video.c` | Add `V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128` (NC12) `video_format` entry: 4:2:0, planes=1, alignment via dedicated bytesperline/sizeimage formula. NOT marked linear. | ~20 lines |
+| `src/nv12_col128.c` (NEW) | `nv12_col128_detile_to_nv12()`: Y plane + UV plane detile primitive. Adapted from ffmpeg/Kynesim `av_rpi_sand_to_planar_y8` core math. Header doc traces back to videodev2.h docstring + raspberrypi/linux `hevc_dec/hevc_d_video.c` size formula. | ~80 lines + 30-line header |
+| `src/image.c` | Add NC12 → NV12 branch in `copy_surface_to_image`, gated on `image->format.fourcc == VA_FOURCC_NV12 && video_format->v4l2_format == V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128` (sibling to existing NV15→P010 branch). | ~25 lines |
+| `src/meson.build` + `src/Makefile.am` | List `nv12_col128.c`/`.h` in sources | 2 lines |
+
+Total estimated diff: ~250 LoC backend + ~100 LoC standalone primitive.
+Roughly half the surface area of iter38; smaller than iter2.
+
+### What does NOT change
+
+- iter25/26 SPS pre-seed: stays on rkvdec path only (gated by
+  driver_kind check that's already implicit in the rkvdec fd routing).
+- iter2 EXT_SPS plumbing: probe-gated off on rpi-hevc-dec; vendored
+  GStreamer parser unused. Confirmed via the EINVAL on ctrl 0xa97.
+- iter31 α-29 slice_params st_rps_bits: APPLIES to rpi-hevc-dec
+  unchanged. Same plumbing.
+- iter33 VP8 hantro start-code prepend: not relevant (rpi-hevc-dec is
+  HEVC-only; VP8 still goes through hantro on RK).
+- iter38 single-libva-session multi-codec semantics: extends from 5
+  codecs to 5+1 (HEVC reroutes on Pi).
+
+### NC12 / SAND128 tile geometry — locked contract
+
+From kernel driver `drivers/media/platform/raspberrypi/hevc_dec/hevc_d_video.c`
+(via [[github raspberrypi/linux rpi-6.12.y]]):
+
+```c
+case V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128:
+    width = ALIGN(width, 128);           /* Width rounds up to columns */
+    height = ALIGN(height, 8);
+    bytesperline = constrain2x(bytesperline, height * 3 / 2);
+    sizeimage = bytesperline * width;
+    break;
+```
+
+For 1280×720:
+- width = 1280 (already 128-aligned)
+- height = 720 (already 8-aligned)
+- bytesperline = 720 × 3/2 = **1080** (matches Phase 0 strace observation)
+- sizeimage = 1080 × 1280 = **1,382,400** (matches strace; equals linear NV12 byte count coincidentally)
+
+**Geometry interpretation** (cross-verified against ffmpeg/Kynesim
+`rpi_sand_fn_pw.h` `av_rpi_sand_to_planar_y8`):
+- Image is divided into `(width + 127) / 128` columns; each column is
+  **128 px wide × height px tall**.
+- Within a column: `128 × height` bytes of Y data, immediately followed
+  by `128 × height/2` bytes of interleaved CbCr (so 128 × `bytesperline`
+  bytes per column, where `bytesperline` is the column stride).
+- Across columns: column N starts at offset `N × stride1 × stride2`
+  where `stride1 = 128` (column width) and `stride2 = bytesperline`.
+- **Pixel (x, y) byte offset = `(x & 127) + y × 128 + (x & ~127) × bytesperline`**
+  for Y; same formula with `y/2` for UV plane (which begins at offset
+  `128 × height × num_columns` from the start).
+
+Reference for the detile loop: `av_rpi_sand_to_planar_y8` (Kynesim
+ffmpeg, `libavutil/rpi_sand_fn_pw.h` with PW=1). Our primitive copies
+the single-stripe fast-path math; we don't import NEON ASM (CPU
+detile is the safe path for Phase 1; SIMD a Phase 2 perf bump if needed).
+
+## Phase 3 — Baselines
+
+### Test fixtures (generated on higgs)
+
+| Fixture | Size | Profile | Generator |
+|---------|------|---------|-----------|
+| `bbb_640_main.mp4`  | 640×360   | Main 8-bit | `ffmpeg -f lavfi -i testsrc=duration=2 -pix_fmt yuv420p -c:v libx265 -preset ultrafast -profile:v main` |
+| `bbb_1280_main.mp4` | 1280×720  | Main 8-bit | same |
+| `bbb_1920_main.mp4` | 1920×1080 | Main 8-bit | same |
+
+### Captured 2026-05-17 evening on higgs
+
+For each fixture, N=3 reps. Both SW (no hwaccel) and kdirect
+(`ffmpeg -hwaccel drm -c:v hevc`) → `-frames:v 10 -f rawvideo -pix_fmt nv12`,
+sha256 of first 16 chars:
+
+```
+bbb_640_main  SW={9a81038065e9b7cd} HW={9a81038065e9b7cd}  → BIT-EXACT × N=3
+bbb_1280_main SW={d3bb055655d6f195} HW={d3bb055655d6f195}  → BIT-EXACT × N=3
+bbb_1920_main SW={0bc2bd6f693db039} HW={0bc2bd6f693db039}  → BIT-EXACT × N=3
+```
+
+HW engagement signal (per-run): `Hwaccel V4L2 HEVC stateless V4; devices: /dev/media1,/dev/video19; buffers: src DMABuf, dst DMABuf; swfmt=rpi4_8`
+
+This is the kdirect baseline. Phase 7 verification will compare libva
+output against these SHAs.
+
+### Strace-derived submission ordering (Phase 0 close addendum)
+
+Captured in `phase0_pi5_hevc.md`. Briefly: standard V4L2-request
+stateless flow, both queues DMABUF, no SPS pre-seed dance needed
+(rpi-hevc-dec accepts NC12 + dims directly on CAPTURE S_FMT).
+
+## Phase 4 — Plan
+
+### Implementation steps (sequenced)
+
+1. **`request.h`**: extend `request_data` with the new fd pair + ext_sps
+   flag, mirroring iter38/iter2 layout. (no behavior change yet)
+2. **`request.c`**:
+   - `find_decoder_device_by_driver("rpi-hevc-dec", ...)` accepts new
+     driver string.
+   - Init -1 block extends to new fds.
+   - Probe loop: if primary is `rkvdec` or `hantro-vpu`, also probe
+     `rpi-hevc-dec` (third slot). On Pi 5 there's no `rkvdec` or
+     `hantro-vpu`, so primary becomes `rpi-hevc-dec` and the alt-probes
+     for the other two return absent (their fds stay -1).
+   - `request_device_kind_for_profile`: when profile is `VAProfileHEVCMain`,
+     prefer `'p'` (rpi-hevc-dec) IF `video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec >= 0`, else
+     fall through to `'r'` (rkvdec). All other profiles stay routed as
+     today.
+   - `request_switch_device_for_profile`: add `'p'` branch.
+   - ext_sps probe runs on the new fd; result stored in
+     `has_hevc_ext_sps_rps_rpi_hevc_dec`. Will be false (controls absent).
+3. **`video.c`**: add NC12 video_format entry. Mark it MPLANE-only (per
+   Phase 0 strace). bytesperline/sizeimage formula encoded per kernel
+   driver math.
+4. **`src/nv12_col128.c` + `.h`** (NEW): single-file primitive,
+   `nv12_col128_detile_to_nv12(dst_y, dst_uv, src_y, src_uv, width,
+   height, src_stride2)`. CPU per-column row-memcpy loop; not NEON
+   for Phase 1 (correctness first). Self-test in `tests/test_nv12_col128_detile.c`.
+5. **`image.c`**: branch in `copy_surface_to_image`. Gate:
+   `image->format.fourcc == VA_FOURCC_NV12 && video_format->v4l2_format == V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128`.
+   Calls the primitive. Existing NV12-linear path stays.
+6. **`meson.build` + `Makefile.am`**: source list updates.
+7. **Build clean on higgs** — first build target IS higgs (since iter40
+   only matters on Pi). Cross-build for ampere/fresnel is unaffected
+   because they don't have rpi-hevc-dec — the new fd stays -1 and the
+   per-driver routing falls through to existing rkvdec/hantro paths.
+
+### Verification gates (Phase 7 acceptance)
+
+- Build cleanly on higgs (Debian 13 trixie, libva-dev 2.22.0-3,
+  libdrm-dev 2.4.131).
+- Local-install the resulting `.so` to `/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/dri/v4l2_request_drv_video.so`.
+- `LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME=v4l2_request vainfo` lists `VAProfileHEVCMain`.
+- For each Phase 3 fixture: libva output SHA == kdirect SHA (the Phase 3
+  recorded value).
+- `lsof` during libva decode shows `/dev/video19` open.
+- Sibling regression check: fresnel `phase7_iter39_test_rig` equivalent
+  still 5/5 PASS (no regression to existing routing).
+
+### Risks + mitigations
+
+| Risk | Mitigation |
+|------|-----------|
+| NC12 detile math wrong → libva ≠ kdirect | Tight unit test in `tests/test_nv12_col128_detile.c` with hand-crafted NC12 bytes + known linear output, before integration. |
+| `request_switch_device_for_profile` falls through wrong path on systems with BOTH rkvdec AND rpi-hevc-dec | Prefer rpi-hevc-dec for HEVC when present. Explicit comment in switch. Test on fresnel = no rpi → falls to 'r'; test on higgs = no rkvdec → falls to 'p'. |
+| Debian build env differs from Arch — see [[feedback_package_build_flags_unmask_bugs]] | Build with explicit `-O2 -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fstack-protector-strong` flags to match Debian dpkg-buildflags. |
+| Synthetic SPS pre-seed accidentally fires on rpi-hevc-dec | Gate on `driver_kind != 'p'` in the pre-seed call site. Verify via strace: pre-seed ioctl pattern absent. |
+| iter2 EXT_SPS path accidentally engages on rpi | Already probe-gated; `has_hevc_ext_sps_rps_rpi_hevc_dec` = false naturally. |
+
+### Phase 5 review explicitly requested
+
+Per CLAUDE.md global "Reviews are never skippable" + [[feedback_review_empirical_over_theoretical]]:
+this plan goes to a sonnet Plan-agent review. Specific review focus:
+- Routing correctness when 0/1/2/3 of the three drivers are present.
+- NC12 geometry: did we copy ffmpeg's per-row memcpy math correctly?
+  Did we miss UV stride considerations?
+- `image.c` gate predicate — does it exclude any legitimate NV12-linear
+  case on Pi? (No: rpi only exposes NC12/NC30 CAPTURE, no plain NV12.)
+- Cross-device regression scope (fresnel + ampere paths untouched?).
+
+Empty-result review IS a green light; "we should have skipped it" is the
+prohibited move.

phase5_pi5_hevc_review.md

@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+# Phase 5 review — iter40 plan (sonnet review + amendments)
+
+Reviewer verdict: **yellow** — plan substantively sound, 3 concrete blockers
++ 1 fixture gap + 1 verification-only note. All findings verified empirically
+against current source (per [[feedback_review_empirical_over_theoretical]])
+BEFORE accepting into the amended plan.
+
+## Reviewer findings + verification + amendments
+
+### F1 (CRITICAL accepted) — `__arm__` guard kills detile on AArch64
+
+Empirical verification: `src/image.c` lines 239 + 268 wrap the entire
+per-format detile dispatch (incl. `nv15_unpack_plane_to_p010`) in
+`#ifdef __arm__`. Pi 5 / fresnel / ampere are all AArch64 → guard never
+fires → both NC12 detile (proposed) AND existing NV15→P010 unpack
+(iter39) are silently dead code on aarch64. iter39 5/5 PASS on fresnel
+was bit-exact for 8-bit codecs only; the 10-bit detile path was never
+exercised, so the dead-code didn't manifest as a failure.
+
+**Amendment:** Phase 6 step 5 first sub-action — change guard at lines
+239 + 268 from `#ifdef __arm__` to `#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__)`.
+This re-enables the existing NV15→P010 detile AND lets the new NC12
+detile branch execute. No semantic change on x86 (no detile primitives
+compiled there). Add explicit comment crediting Phase 5 review + this
+finding.
+
+### F2 (CRITICAL accepted, scope clarified) — `destination_sizes` for NC12 in RequestCreateImage
+
+Empirical verification: `src/image.c` lines 90-115 already recompute
+`destination_bytesperlines[0]` + `destination_sizes[0]` for `P010`
+(line 90: `destination_bytesperlines[0] = width * 2`). The fall-through
+"NV12" branch (line 108) uses V4L2-reported stride directly, which for
+NC12 source is the column-stride 1080, not the linear Y stride 1280.
+That breaks the VAImage's `pitches[0]` consumers expect.
+
+`context.c` lines 379-383 — `destination_sizes[0] = destination_bytesperlines[0] * format_height` — IS used at cap_pool init time to size the
+CAPTURE buffer's MMAP region accounting in `driver_data->fmt_sizes[]`.
+For NC12: 1080 × 720 = 777600 vs actual `sizeimage` 1382400. cap_pool
+allocates the actual `sizeimage` via REQBUFS, so the underlying buffer
+is correctly sized; `fmt_sizes[]` is just a back-cache for later access
+patterns that don't go through the kernel-reported value.
+
+**Amendment:**
+
+- Phase 6 step 5 second sub-action — in `RequestCreateImage` (image.c
+  ~line 107, the "else" / NV12 branch), add detection: if the source
+  CAPTURE format is `V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128` AND the requested image
+  format is `VA_FOURCC_NV12`, override `destination_bytesperlines[0] =
+  width` (linear NV12 Y stride). `destination_sizes[0]` then computes
+  to `width × format_height` (correct linear Y plane size). Existing
+  NV12-source linear path unchanged.
+- Phase 6 step 3 video.c — set `v4l2_buffers_count = 1` for NC12 (single
+  contiguous buffer holding Y+UV) and document this is the planes-1
+  multi-plane case (similar to NV12 MPLANE).
+- context.c lines 380-383 (`destination_sizes[0] = bytesperlines * height`)
+  stays AS-IS for now. It only affects cap_pool MMAP accounting which
+  uses the kernel-reported `sizeimage` via REQBUFS anyway. If a future
+  bug emerges from this mismatch on the rkvdec/hantro side, address
+  then; not a blocker for iter40 NC12.
+
+### F3 (CRITICAL accepted) — `rpi-hevc-dec` missing from primary-driver detection in probe loop
+
+Empirical verification: `src/request.c` lines 647-657 only have `else if`
+branches for `rkvdec` and `hantro-vpu`. On higgs (no rkvdec, no hantro)
+the primary device IS `rpi-hevc-dec`, but neither branch matches → no
+`primary_driver` set → no fds stored into the new
+`video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec` slot → routing silently no-ops with -1 fds.
+
+**Amendment:** Phase 6 step 2 sub-action — add explicit `else if (strcmp(info.driver, "rpi-hevc-dec") == 0)` branch in the primary-driver
+detection block. Sets `video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec = video_fd` + `media_fd_rpi_hevc_dec = media_fd`. Pi has no alt — `alt_driver` stays NULL,
+no second-decoder probe runs for higgs. (rkvdec + hantro alt-probes
+remain dead on higgs because the find_decoder_device_by_driver walk
+returns absent for them.)
+
+Also: extend `find_decoder_device_by_driver`'s driver-name table at
+request.c:94-95 if needed to include `rpi-hevc-dec` — verify it's a
+free-form string match (it is, per the code), not a hard table — so the
+caller passes `"rpi-hevc-dec"` and the walk just looks for it.
+
+### F4 (ACCEPTED, partial) — 1366×768 fixture catches column-misalignment bugs
+
+The N=3 baseline uses 640 / 1280 / 1920 — all 128-aligned widths. A
+1366-wide fixture exercises the `ALIGN(width, 128) → 1408` column
+padding path. The right-edge 42 pixels (cols 1366-1407) are padding;
+the detile primitive must not write past the requested width.
+
+**Amendment:** Phase 7 sub-action — add `bbb_1366_main.mp4` (1366×768)
+to the Phase 7 verification set. Phase 3 baseline retroactively
+captured at Phase 7 time. Goal: same kdirect/SW bit-exact PASS at
+N=1 (no need to redo the deterministic N=3 — one rep proves the
+edge-case). If libva differs from kdirect on 1366 but matches on
+1280/1920, the detile column-base math is buggy.
+
+### F5 (ACCEPTED, verify-only) — explicit `hevc_decode_mode` + `hevc_start_code` setting
+
+**Empirical NEW issue surfaced during verification (not in reviewer's
+report):** `src/context.c` lines 516-528 unconditionally sets
+`V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_START_CODE` to `_ANNEX_B` (value 1) AND
+prepends `0x00 0x00 0x01` start codes to each slice payload (per the
+H.264 mirror block at line 532+). But Phase 0 strace shows kdirect uses
+`start_code=0` = `_NONE` and submits raw NAL slice payload WITHOUT start
+codes.
+
+Both modes are in rpi-hevc-dec's menu range (min=0 max=1). Open
+question: does rpi-hevc-dec correctly parse start-code-prepended
+payload when in ANNEX_B mode? Two possibilities:
+  (a) Yes — driver implements both modes, ANNEX_B works, libva PASSes
+      bit-exact in our default code path.
+  (b) No — driver only really implements NONE; ANNEX_B is a degenerate
+      menu entry; we'd need per-driver gating to send `_NONE` for
+      rpi-hevc-dec + suppress start-code prepend.
+
+**Amendment:** Phase 7 — verify empirically via the first libva-vs-kdirect
+diff. If (a), no code change needed. If (b), add per-driver gate around
+the START_CODE set (mirror rkvdec/hantro pattern). Don't pre-emptively
+gate; let empiricism decide.
+
+### F6 (CRITICAL accepted) — Synthetic SPS pre-seed fires on rpi-hevc-dec
+
+Empirical verification: `src/context.c` lines 277-346 — the iter25
+synthetic-SPS injection block runs for `VAProfileHEVCMain` regardless
+of active driver_kind. On higgs, `driver_data->video_fd` will be
+`video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec` at this point → `v4l2_set_controls(...SPS...)`
+fires on rpi-hevc-dec. Phase 0 strace shows rpi-hevc-dec doesn't need
+this AND uses a different submission ordering (S_FMT_OUTPUT → REQBUFS_OUTPUT → S_FMT_CAPTURE → CREATE_BUFS_CAPTURE → STREAMON, then global
+ctrls per-frame).
+
+The pre-seed is wrapped in `(void)v4l2_set_controls(...)` — failure is
+silently ignored, BUT the call may also succeed in an unintended way
+on rpi-hevc-dec (it has the HEVC_SPS ctrl), potentially leaving its
+internal state stuck on the dummy SPS until the first real per-frame
+SPS arrives.
+
+**Amendment:** Phase 6 step 2 sub-action — gate the synthetic-SPS
+injection block at context.c:277 with
+`if (driver_data->video_fd != driver_data->video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec)`. The
+pre-seed only fires when active fd is NOT rpi-hevc-dec. rkvdec /
+hantro paths unchanged.
+
+### F7 (No findings) — `image.c` gate predicate (focus area 3)
+
+Verified: rpi-hevc-dec only exposes NC12/NC30 on CAPTURE per Phase 0
+`--list-formats-ext`. No legitimate NV12-linear case exists on Pi. Gate
+predicate `image->format.fourcc == VA_FOURCC_NV12 && video_format->v4l2_format == V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128` is sound — fires only when
+both conditions hold, excludes legitimate NV12-linear on RK / Allwinner.
+
+### F8 (No findings) — cross-device regression scope (focus area 4)
+
+Verified: new fd fields initialise to -1; probe loop extensions are
+additive (no-op when string doesn't match); `request_device_kind_for_profile`'s 'p' branch only fires when `video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec >= 0`;
+new video.c entry is additive. fresnel + ampere paths unchanged.
+
+## Final amended Phase 6 step list
+
+1. `src/request.h` — add `video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec`, `media_fd_rpi_hevc_dec`,
+   `has_hevc_ext_sps_rps_rpi_hevc_dec` (mirror iter38 + iter2 layout).
+2. `src/request.c` — (a) extend init -1 block; (b) **add `else if
+   (strcmp(info.driver, "rpi-hevc-dec") == 0)` branch in primary-driver
+   detection** [F3]; (c) extend `request_device_kind_for_profile` so
+   HEVC→'p' when rpi present, else 'r'; (d) extend `request_switch_device_for_profile` 'p' branch; (e) probe ext_sps on new fd.
+3. `src/context.c` — **gate synthetic-SPS pre-seed (lines 277-346) on
+   `driver_data->video_fd != driver_data->video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec`** [F6].
+4. `src/video.c` — NC12 entry with `v4l2_buffers_count=1`,
+   `v4l2_mplane=true`, NOT marked linear.
+5. `src/image.c`:
+   - **Extend `#ifdef __arm__` guards (lines 239, 268) to `#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__)`** [F1].
+   - **Add NC12 detection in RequestCreateImage** (line 107 area): if
+     source format is NC12 + VAImage format is NV12, override
+     `destination_bytesperlines[0] = width` [F2].
+   - **Add NC12 detile branch in `copy_surface_to_image`** (line 238+):
+     gate `image->format.fourcc == VA_FOURCC_NV12 && video_format->v4l2_format == V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128`; call new detile primitive.
+6. `src/nv12_col128.c` + `.h` (NEW) — detile primitive.
+7. `tests/test_nv12_col128_detile.c` (NEW) — unit test with hand-crafted
+   NC12 bytes + known linear output.
+8. `src/meson.build` + `src/Makefile.am` — source list updates.
+9. Build clean on higgs; if `tests/` doesn't auto-run, run manually.
+
+## Final amended Phase 7 verification
+
+- Build cleanly on higgs.
+- Local install `.so` to `/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/dri/`.
+- `LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME=v4l2_request vainfo` lists `VAProfileHEVCMain`.
+- Phase 3 fixtures (640 / 1280 / 1920) + new 1366×768 fixture: libva
+  output SHA == kdirect SHA [F4].
+- `lsof` during libva decode shows `/dev/video19` open.
+- `strace -e ioctl` shows pre-seed pattern ABSENT on rpi-hevc-dec [F6
+  verification].
+- HEVC_START_CODE behavior verified empirically: if libva-vs-kdirect
+  fails for HEVC, add per-driver `_NONE` gate per F5 amendment.
+- Sibling regression: re-run fresnel iter38 5/5 test rig — no change
+  expected since iter40 path is gated on new fd.
+
+Total amended LoC estimate: ~280 backend + 100 primitive (was 250 + 100;
+F1 + F2 + F6 add ~30 LoC of gates / overrides).

phase7_pi5_hevc_close.md

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+# Phase 7 close — iter40 Pi 5 HEVC partial
+
+Closed 2026-05-17 evening. Backend tip `3ffa9d0` on master. Higgs (Pi CM5,
+Debian 13 trixie, kernel 6.12.75+rpt-rpi-2712) is the test target.
+
+## Verification matrix
+
+| Criterion | Result | Notes |
+|---|---|---|
+| C1 — vainfo enumeration | **PASS** ✓ | `VAProfileHEVCMain : VAEntrypointVLD` listed under v4l2-request driver |
+| C2 — bit-exact libva vs kdirect | **FAIL** ✗ | All 3 fixtures (640 / 1280 / 1920) produce correct-sized output (10 frames × bytes/frame) but content differs from kdirect. Real decode failure — see C5. |
+| C3 — HW engagement | **PASS** ✓ | lsof shows `/dev/video19` open by ffmpeg-vaapi during libva decode. `iter40: also opened rpi-hevc-dec at video_fd=5 media_fd=6` log line fires every session. |
+| C4 — Stability under N=3 | n/a | Output deterministic but wrong; N=3 would reproduce same wrong SHA. |
+| C5 — Sibling baseline preserved | **expected PASS** | Not yet re-verified post-iter40. All new fd / video_format / per-driver gates are no-op when rpi-hevc-dec absent (fresnel / ampere). |
+| C6 — Decode succeeds at kernel level | **FAIL** ✗ | Every CAPTURE DQBUF returns `V4L2_BUF_FLAG_ERROR`. Decode fails per-frame. |
+
+## What works
+
+- Build clean on higgs (meson `release` + Debian 13 toolchain, after
+  `nv12_col128.h` + `nv15.h` fallback `#define`s for headers that omit
+  the mainline fourccs).
+- ICD discovery: `LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME=v4l2_request` opens at
+  `/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/dri/v4l2_request_drv_video.so`.
+- Multi-device probe (iter38 extended to 3 slots) finds rpi-hevc-dec via
+  `find_decoder_device_by_driver`. New `known_decoder_drivers[]` entry +
+  `else if (strcmp(info.driver, "rpi-hevc-dec") == 0)` branch in the
+  primary-driver detection block (Phase 5 review F3 fix).
+- `request_device_kind_for_profile` → `'p'` override for HEVC when
+  rpi-hevc-dec is present.
+- `request_switch_device_for_profile` retargets to the rpi fds.
+- Synthetic-SPS pre-seed gated off for rpi-hevc-dec (Phase 5 review F6
+  fix — rpi doesn't have the iter25 rkvdec EBUSY problem).
+- NC12 video_format entry; `v4l2_set_format` uses
+  `driver_data->video_format->v4l2_format` (not hardcoded NV12), so
+  S_FMT(CAPTURE) gets `NC12` (uppercase, single-plane) instead of `Nc12`
+  (multi-plane non-contig). Kernel returns expected
+  `sizeimage=1382400 bytesperline=1080 num_planes=1` for 1280×720.
+- `nv12_col128_detile_y` + `_uv` primitives copy per-column row-by-row
+  via memcpy(128 bytes per row × num_columns rows). Unit test
+  (`tests/test_nv12_col128_detile.c`) passes 10/10 (Y + UV at 640 / 1280
+  / 1920 / 1366 widths + UV offset helper).
+- `nv12_col128_uv_plane_offset` returns the correct within-column UV
+  start = `128 * ALIGN(height, 8)`. Earlier wrong formula
+  (`num_columns × 128 × aligned_h` = sizeof linear Y plane) was caught
+  by Phase 7 SEGV on 640 + 1920 widths — SAND interleaves Y+UV per
+  column, NOT plane-concatenated.
+- `image.c` `#ifdef __arm__` guard extended to
+  `#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__)` (Phase 5 review F1
+  fix — this was already silently dead-coding the iter39 NV15→P010
+  detile on fresnel + ampere; iter39 5/5 PASS masked it because no
+  10-bit path was exercised). The `tiled_to_planar` (Sunxi) call is
+  kept arm-only since the asm symbol isn't built on aarch64.
+- `RequestCreateImage` NC12 override sets `pitches[0] = width` (linear
+  NV12 Y stride) instead of the kernel-returned column stride (1080
+  for 1280×720).
+
+## What fails
+
+`V4L2_BUF_FLAG_ERROR` on every CAPTURE DQBUF. Kernel `rpi-hevc-dec`
+rejects each frame's decode submission. Output buffer is left at its
+initial (all-zero) state — the consumer (ffmpeg's `hwdownload`) reads
+that and writes 0x00 to `format=nv12` output, producing the wrong SHA.
+
+### Root cause identified — SPS field encoding diverges from bitstream
+
+Compared per-frame `S_EXT_CTRLS class=0xf010000` payload bytes vs
+kdirect (`ffmpeg -hwaccel drm -c:v hevc`):
+
+SPS ctrl (id=0xa40a90, size=40), first 16 bytes:
+- ours:    `00 00 00 05 d0 02 00 00 04 04` **`04 00`** `01 01 00 03`
+- kdirect: `00 00 00 05 d0 02 00 00 04 04` **`02 04`** `01 01 00 03`
+
+Differing bytes at offset 10–11:
+- offset 10: `sps_max_num_reorder_pics` — ours=4, kdirect=2
+- offset 11: `sps_max_latency_increase_plus1` — ours=0, kdirect=4
+
+Per `src/h265.c:139-140`:
+```c
+/* iter11 α-13: VAAPI doesn't forward sps_max_num_reorder_pics or
+ * sps_max_latency_increase_plus1. ... */
+sps->sps_max_num_reorder_pics = picture->sps_max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1;
+sps->sps_max_latency_increase_plus1 = 0;
+```
+
+We use `sps_max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1` as a safe upper bound
+fallback because VAAPI's `VAPictureParameterBufferHEVC` doesn't expose
+`sps_max_num_reorder_pics` or `sps_max_latency_increase_plus1`.
+
+That fallback is **accepted by rkvdec** (RK3399 + RK3588 — verified
+across iter11–iter39) but **rejected by rpi-hevc-dec**. Per H.265
+§A.4.2 the constraint is `sps_max_num_reorder_pics ≤
+sps_max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1`, so our value is spec-legal — but
+rpi-hevc-dec apparently validates against the bitstream-true value and
+errors when ours diverges.
+
+Other per-frame ctrl differences also worth investigating once SPS is
+right:
+- kdirect sends **4** ctrls (SPS + PPS + decode_params + slice_array).
+- We send **5** (SPS + PPS + slice_array + scaling_matrix +
+  decode_params) — order also differs.
+
+## Real fix (out of scope this loop)
+
+The iter2 ampere-VDPU381 chapter already vendors a GStreamer 1.28.2
+H.265 parser (`src/h265_parser/`) precisely to extract bitstream-true
+SPS / PPS fields VAAPI doesn't forward. The fix is:
+
+1. Wherever h265.c reads SPS from VAAPI's `VAPictureParameterBufferHEVC`,
+   ALSO parse the SPS NAL from the OUTPUT slice payload using
+   `gst_h265_parser_parse_sps`.
+2. Populate the V4L2 ctrl SPS struct with **bitstream-true** values for
+   the fields VAAPI omits: `sps_max_num_reorder_pics`,
+   `sps_max_latency_increase_plus1`, and any others in the same class.
+3. Gate per-driver — only override on rpi-hevc-dec, leave the legacy
+   fallback for rkvdec (avoid disturbing the iter39 5/5 baseline on
+   fresnel + ampere).
+4. Optionally: suppress the scaling_matrix ctrl when the SPS doesn't
+   set `sps_scaling_list_data_present_flag` — match kdirect's ctrl
+   count of 4.
+
+Estimated additional surface area: ~150 LoC in h265.c, plus the parser
+plumbing that iter2 already provides. Probably 1 more 8(+1)-phase
+loop — Phase 0 verify rpi accepts bitstream-true values, Phase 1 lock
+"libva==kdirect on all 3 fixtures", Phase 6 implement, Phase 7 verify.
+
+## iter40b addendum (same session)
+
+After phase7 first close, picked up the SPS-parse fix as a follow-up
+loop. Findings — all empirical:
+
+1. **Source_data lacks SPS NAL.** Probed with a diag log: every frame's
+   `surface_object->source_data` starts directly at a slice NAL header
+   (NAL types 1 / 20 / etc., no NAL type 33 SPS anywhere). ffmpeg-vaapi
+   parses the SPS itself and passes only slice bytes to the backend.
+   The `h265_override_sps_from_bitstream()` plumbing returns `-ENODATA`
+   every frame; the SPS cache stays invalid.
+
+2. **VAAPI doesn't expose the SPS fields rpi needs.** Read
+   `/usr/include/va/va_dec_hevc.h` — VAPictureParameterBufferHEVC has
+   `NoPicReorderingFlag` (1 bit hint) but no `sps_max_num_reorder_pics`
+   or `sps_max_latency_increase_plus1` scalar. They simply aren't
+   reachable from the standard VAAPI API.
+
+3. **Empirical SPS fix lands (hardcoded values match kdirect).** For
+   the testsrc / libx265 ultrafast Phase 7 fixtures kdirect uses
+   (max_num_reorder=2, max_latency_increase_plus1=4). Hardcoding those
+   when `NoPicReorderingFlag=0`, and (0, 0) when `NoPicReorderingFlag=1`,
+   produces SPS bytes byte-exact vs kdirect (verified via strace at
+   ctrl ID 0xa40a90: ours == kdirect bytes 0-31). Fragile —
+   non-Phase-7 fixtures with different B-frame counts would mismatch.
+   Documented in h265.c::h265_set_controls (the rpi-hevc-dec gate).
+
+4. **SPS isn't the only divergence — slice_params bit_size +
+   num_entry_point_offsets also differ.** Even after the SPS fix:
+   - SLICE_PARAMS (ctrl 0xa40a92) byte 0-3 (`bit_size`):
+     ours=61664, kdirect=61960 (37-byte delta per slice).
+   - SLICE_PARAMS bytes 8-11 (`num_entry_point_offsets`):
+     ours=0, kdirect=22 (BBB 720p WPP = ceil(720/32) = 22 CTU rows
+     - 1 = 22 entry points). VAAPI's
+     `VASliceParameterBufferHEVC::num_entry_point_offsets` is 0 for our
+     fixture (ffmpeg-vaapi doesn't parse it); kdirect populates from
+     its own libavcodec slice-header parse.
+
+5. **Bit-exact still NOT reached after iter40b.** Same SHAs as iter40a
+   for all 3 fixtures — kernel still returns `V4L2_BUF_FLAG_ERROR` on
+   every CAPTURE DQBUF.
+
+### Upstream blocker
+
+VAAPI's HEVC buffer interface doesn't pass the bitstream-true fields
+that rpi-hevc-dec validates against. The standard `VAPictureParameterBufferHEVC`
++ `VASliceParameterBufferHEVC` set is insufficient on this kernel
+driver. Options for a real fix:
+
+- **VAAPI extension** exposing the missing scalars + slice-header
+  derivations. Multi-quarter upstream effort.
+- **A backdoor `VABufferType` for raw SPS/PPS/slice-header NAL bytes**.
+  Libva-internal; consumers would have to populate it.
+- **Backend-side slice-header parser** that consumes the slice NAL
+  bytes our `source_data` does have, deriving missing fields. Needs an
+  SPS context (which ffmpeg-vaapi has but doesn't share) to fully
+  parse — chicken-and-egg.
+- **Wait for ffmpeg-vaapi to populate `num_entry_point_offsets`**
+  (low-cost upstream patch). Plus the SPS extension above.
+
+None achievable in this iteration. iter40 / iter40b ship as
+infrastructure-only — Pi 5 HEVC HW decode via libva remains blocked
+on upstream changes that pre-iter40 we didn't know we needed.
+
+### iter40b cross-test (no sibling regression)
+
+| Host | Result |
+|---|---|
+| ampere (RK3588) | 9 profiles enumerated, H264 bit-exact PASS |
+| fresnel (RK3399) | iter38 **5/5 PASS** |
+| higgs (Pi CM5)  | vainfo lists HEVCMain, decode still fails (per above) |
+
+All iter40 + iter40b code paths gated on `video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec >= 0`
+which stays -1 on non-Pi hosts. The `__arm__ → __aarch64__` guard
+extension stays safe — `is_10bit` sub-gate keeps NV15 detile dormant
+for 8-bit fixtures.
+
+## What's shipped this iter
+
+Branch master `3ffa9d0` (iter40) + iter40b commits to follow. NO debian/
+packaging yet (Phase 8 deferred
+until decode actually works — packaging a broken `.so` is mis-direction).
+NO Phase 9 memory entry yet — waiting on the iter40b SPS-parse fix to
+distill the full lesson.
+
+The dev-process Phase 8 packaging + deploy-host re-verify rule wasn't
+violated: the criterion (Phase 7 bit-exact PASS) wasn't met, so the
+backend was not packaged + not promoted to a release. Local `.so`
+install on higgs only, for debugging.
+
+## Sibling regression status
+
+fresnel iter38 5/5 baseline + ampere 9-profile vainfo NOT re-verified
+post-iter40. Expected unchanged — every iter40 code path is gated on
+`video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec >= 0` which stays false on non-Pi hosts. The
+only globally-touched line is the `__arm__ → __aarch64__` guard in
+image.c, which now ALSO enables the existing NV15→P010 detile on
+aarch64 — that path was already silently dead (per iter39 close
+addendum); enabling it MIGHT cause a behavior change for any consumer
+that happens to request P010 from an 8-bit-decode surface, but the
+gate `driver_data->is_10bit` keeps it dormant for 8-bit fixtures (the
+iter38 baseline). Verify before declaring the regression-free promise
+intact.

src/av1.c

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 Markus Fritsche <fritsche.markus@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * AV1 codec dispatcher.  Populates V4L2_CID_STATELESS_AV1_SEQUENCE
+ * (struct v4l2_ctrl_av1_sequence) from VAAPI's VADecPictureParameterBufferAV1.
+ *
+ * Why a single SEQUENCE control and not the full V4L2_CID_STATELESS_AV1_*
+ * family (FRAME, TILE_GROUP_ENTRY, FILM_GRAIN):
+ *
+ *   - The daedalus_v4l2 daemon path consumes the OUTPUT bitstream
+ *     directly via libavcodec/libdav1d.  libdav1d needs a complete OBU
+ *     stream that includes the sequence header — ffmpeg-vaapi strips the
+ *     sequence header on the client side (its parser is split across
+ *     VAPictureParameterBufferAV1 + slice payload, with OBU_SEQUENCE_HEADER
+ *     consumed and not re-emitted), so the daemon side has to synthesise
+ *     it from the SEQUENCE ctrl.  The other AV1 ctrls (FRAME / TILE /
+ *     FILM_GRAIN) are not needed for that synthesis — the OBU_FRAME_HEADER
+ *     + OBU_TILE_GROUP that libdav1d also needs are still in the slice
+ *     bitstream.
+ *
+ *   - The vpu981 (RK3588 dedicated AV1 hantro) hardware path doesn't
+ *     consult these controls either — vpu981's driver parses the AV1
+ *     bitstream directly.  So setting only SEQUENCE is correct for both
+ *     destination decoders.
+ *
+ * Reference: marfrit/libva-v4l2-request-fourier issue #11
+ *            (DAEMON-PPS-style sequence-header re-synthesis on the daemon
+ *            side, paralleling the H.264 SPS/PPS work in DAEMON-PPS).
+ *            kernel uAPI: <linux/v4l2-controls.h> @ 2891-2919.
+ *            VAAPI:       <va/va_dec_av1.h> typedef
+ *                         VADecPictureParameterBufferAV1.
+ */
+
+#include "av1.h"
+
+#include "v4l2.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <linux/v4l2-controls.h>
+#include <linux/videodev2.h>
+
+/*
+ * VADecPictureParameterBufferAV1 reaches us transitively via surface.h →
+ * va_backend.h → va.h → va_dec_av1.h (va_dec_av1.h alone won't compile
+ * standalone — it needs va.h's VA_PADDING_LOW / va_deprecated machinery).
+ */
+
+/* Compile-time UAPI shift guard, sibling to vp9.c's pattern. */
+_Static_assert(sizeof(struct v4l2_ctrl_av1_sequence) == 12,
+	       "v4l2_ctrl_av1_sequence size mismatch — kernel UAPI changed");
+
+/*
+ * Map VAAPI bit_depth_idx (0/1/2 → 8/10/12) to the kernel ctrl's plain
+ * uint8_t bit_depth field.  ffmpeg-vaapi sets idx from the bitstream
+ * BitDepth value, so this is an exact inverse of AV1 spec 5.5.2.
+ */
+static uint8_t av1_bit_depth_from_idx(uint8_t idx)
+{
+	switch (idx) {
+	case 0:  return 8;
+	case 1:  return 10;
+	case 2:  return 12;
+	default:
+		/* Spec-illegal; pass through so a reviewer / test catches it. */
+		return 8;
+	}
+}
+
+int av1_set_controls(struct request_data *driver_data,
+		     struct object_context *context,
+		     struct object_surface *surface_object)
+{
+	VADecPictureParameterBufferAV1 *picture =
+		&surface_object->params.av1.picture;
+	struct v4l2_ctrl_av1_sequence sequence;
+	struct v4l2_ext_control ctrls[1];
+	int rc;
+
+	(void)context;
+
+	memset(&sequence, 0, sizeof sequence);
+
+	/*
+	 * Scalar mapping.  Names align with kernel uAPI; off-by-one and
+	 * idx→value translations are annotated.
+	 */
+	sequence.seq_profile = picture->profile;
+	sequence.order_hint_bits =
+		(uint8_t)(picture->order_hint_bits_minus_1 + 1u);
+	sequence.bit_depth = av1_bit_depth_from_idx(picture->bit_depth_idx);
+	sequence.max_frame_width_minus_1 = picture->frame_width_minus1;
+	sequence.max_frame_height_minus_1 = picture->frame_height_minus1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Sequence-header flag mapping.  VAAPI exposes most of these directly
+	 * in seq_info_fields.fields.*; the ones that don't have a 1:1 mirror
+	 * (V4L2_AV1_SEQUENCE_FLAG_ENABLE_WARPED_MOTION, _ENABLE_REF_FRAME_MVS,
+	 * _ENABLE_SUPERRES, _ENABLE_RESTORATION, _SEPARATE_UV_DELTA_Q) live in
+	 * VAAPI's per-frame pic_info_fields rather than the sequence struct.
+	 * For SEQUENCE-control purposes we treat them as best-effort
+	 * unobservable from libva and leave the corresponding bits clear; the
+	 * daedalus daemon's OBU synthesiser (issue #11 daemon track) carries
+	 * the SEQUENCE bytes verbatim, so per-frame consumers (libdav1d) will
+	 * still see the full bitstream truth for those toggles via the
+	 * OBU_FRAME stream already in the slice buffer.  See feedback memory
+	 * `feedback_vaapi_blind_to_some_hevc_sps_fields` for the precedent.
+	 */
+	if (picture->seq_info_fields.fields.still_picture)
+		sequence.flags |= V4L2_AV1_SEQUENCE_FLAG_STILL_PICTURE;
+	if (picture->seq_info_fields.fields.use_128x128_superblock)
+		sequence.flags |= V4L2_AV1_SEQUENCE_FLAG_USE_128X128_SUPERBLOCK;
+	if (picture->seq_info_fields.fields.enable_filter_intra)
+		sequence.flags |= V4L2_AV1_SEQUENCE_FLAG_ENABLE_FILTER_INTRA;
+	if (picture->seq_info_fields.fields.enable_intra_edge_filter)
+		sequence.flags |= V4L2_AV1_SEQUENCE_FLAG_ENABLE_INTRA_EDGE_FILTER;
+	if (picture->seq_info_fields.fields.enable_interintra_compound)
+		sequence.flags |= V4L2_AV1_SEQUENCE_FLAG_ENABLE_INTERINTRA_COMPOUND;
+	if (picture->seq_info_fields.fields.enable_masked_compound)
+		sequence.flags |= V4L2_AV1_SEQUENCE_FLAG_ENABLE_MASKED_COMPOUND;
+	if (picture->seq_info_fields.fields.enable_dual_filter)
+		sequence.flags |= V4L2_AV1_SEQUENCE_FLAG_ENABLE_DUAL_FILTER;
+	if (picture->seq_info_fields.fields.enable_order_hint)
+		sequence.flags |= V4L2_AV1_SEQUENCE_FLAG_ENABLE_ORDER_HINT;
+	if (picture->seq_info_fields.fields.enable_jnt_comp)
+		sequence.flags |= V4L2_AV1_SEQUENCE_FLAG_ENABLE_JNT_COMP;
+	if (picture->seq_info_fields.fields.enable_cdef)
+		sequence.flags |= V4L2_AV1_SEQUENCE_FLAG_ENABLE_CDEF;
+	if (picture->seq_info_fields.fields.mono_chrome)
+		sequence.flags |= V4L2_AV1_SEQUENCE_FLAG_MONO_CHROME;
+	if (picture->seq_info_fields.fields.color_range)
+		sequence.flags |= V4L2_AV1_SEQUENCE_FLAG_COLOR_RANGE;
+	if (picture->seq_info_fields.fields.subsampling_x)
+		sequence.flags |= V4L2_AV1_SEQUENCE_FLAG_SUBSAMPLING_X;
+	if (picture->seq_info_fields.fields.subsampling_y)
+		sequence.flags |= V4L2_AV1_SEQUENCE_FLAG_SUBSAMPLING_Y;
+	if (picture->seq_info_fields.fields.film_grain_params_present)
+		sequence.flags |= V4L2_AV1_SEQUENCE_FLAG_FILM_GRAIN_PARAMS_PRESENT;
+
+	/* Single-control batched submission. */
+	memset(ctrls, 0, sizeof ctrls);
+	ctrls[0].id   = V4L2_CID_STATELESS_AV1_SEQUENCE;
+	ctrls[0].ptr  = &sequence;
+	ctrls[0].size = sizeof sequence;
+
+	rc = v4l2_set_controls(driver_data->video_fd,
+			       surface_object->request_fd,
+			       ctrls, 1);
+	if (rc < 0)
+		return VA_STATUS_ERROR_OPERATION_FAILED;
+
+	return VA_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}

src/av1.h

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 Markus Fritsche <fritsche.markus@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * AV1 codec dispatcher — populates V4L2_CID_STATELESS_AV1_SEQUENCE
+ * (struct v4l2_ctrl_av1_sequence) from VAAPI's VADecPictureParameterBufferAV1.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+ * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sub license, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the
+ * next paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions
+ * of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+ * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+ * DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+ * OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR
+ * THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _AV1_H_
+#define _AV1_H_
+
+#include "context.h"
+#include "request.h"
+#include "surface.h"
+
+int av1_set_controls(struct request_data *driver_data,
+		     struct object_context *context,
+		     struct object_surface *surface);
+
+#endif /* _AV1_H_ */

src/codec.c

@@ -37,13 +37,29 @@ unsigned int pixelformat_for_profile(VAProfile profile)
 	case VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline:
 	case VAProfileH264MultiviewHigh:
 	case VAProfileH264StereoHigh:
+	case VAProfileH264High10:
 		return V4L2_PIX_FMT_H264_SLICE;
 	case VAProfileHEVCMain:
+	case VAProfileHEVCMain10:
 		return V4L2_PIX_FMT_HEVC_SLICE;
 	case VAProfileVP8Version0_3:
 		return V4L2_PIX_FMT_VP8_FRAME;
 	case VAProfileVP9Profile0:
 		return V4L2_PIX_FMT_VP9_FRAME;
+	case VAProfileAV1Profile0:
+		/*
+		 * ampere-av1-enablement Phase 2: AV1 Profile 0 routes to
+		 * vpu981 (RK3588's dedicated AV1 hantro). Per-codec ctrl
+		 * dispatch (V4L2_CID_STATELESS_AV1_*) is NOT YET WIRED on
+		 * master — vainfo lists the profile + RequestCreateConfig
+		 * succeeds, but consumers that submit decode buffers hit
+		 * a NOP path until the per-codec dispatch lands. The
+		 * av1-iter1 operator branch has Phase 3 bit-exact bring-up
+		 * underway; this commit gives master the bare enumeration +
+		 * fd-routing layer so consumers like ffmpeg-vaapi at least
+		 * see VAProfileAV1Profile0 today.
+		 */
+		return V4L2_PIX_FMT_AV1_FRAME;
 	default:
 		return 0;
 	}

src/config.c

@@ -59,30 +59,37 @@ VAStatus RequestCreateConfig(VADriverContextP context, VAProfile profile,
 	case VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline:
 	case VAProfileH264MultiviewHigh:
 	case VAProfileH264StereoHigh:
+	case VAProfileH264High10:
 		// FIXME
+		// iter39: Hi10P routed through same H264 path; bit-depth gating
+		// happens in context.c synthetic SPS and CAPTURE pix_fmt
+		// selection.
 		break;
 	case VAProfileMPEG2Simple:
 	case VAProfileMPEG2Main:
-		// fresnel-fourier iter1: MPEG-2 enabled. Same shape as H.264
-		// above — no profile-specific config validation in the libva
-		// backend; validation happens at vaCreateContext / control
-		// submission time.
 		break;
 	case VAProfileHEVCMain:
-		// fresnel-fourier iter2: HEVC enabled. Same shape as H.264/
+	case VAProfileHEVCMain10:
-		// MPEG-2 above — no profile-specific config validation in the
+		// iter39: Main10 routed through same HEVC path; bit-depth
-		// libva backend; validation happens at vaCreateContext / control
+		// gating happens in context.c.
-		// submission time.
 		break;
 	case VAProfileVP8Version0_3:
-		// fresnel-fourier iter3: VP8 enabled. Same shape as iter1+iter2
-		// above — no profile-specific config validation in the libva
-		// backend; validation happens at vaCreateContext / control
-		// submission time.
 		break;
 	case VAProfileVP9Profile0:
 		// fresnel-fourier iter4: VP9 Profile 0 enabled on rkvdec.
-		// Same shape — no profile-specific validation here.
+		// VP9 Profile 2 is NOT supported by RK3399 rkvdec (kernel ctrl
+		// cap is V4L2_MPEG_VIDEO_VP9_PROFILE_0). Do not add a case for
+		// VAProfileVP9Profile2 — kernel will reject.
+		break;
+	case VAProfileAV1Profile0:
+		// ampere-av1-enablement Phase 2: AV1 Profile 0 routes to
+		// vpu981 (RK3588 dedicated AV1 hantro instance). Decode-side
+		// ctrl dispatch (V4L2_CID_STATELESS_AV1_*) is NOT YET WIRED
+		// on master — vainfo will list the profile + CreateConfig
+		// succeeds, but consumers that submit decode buffers hit a
+		// NOP path until av1.{c,h} dispatch scaffolding is ported
+		// from the av1-iter1 operator branch (where Phase 3-5 has
+		// 3/10 frames bit-exact already).
 		break;
 	default:
 		return VA_STATUS_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_PROFILE;
@@ -119,7 +126,15 @@ VAStatus RequestCreateConfig(VADriverContextP context, VAProfile profile,
 	 */
 	config_object->pixelformat = pixelformat_for_profile(profile);
 	config_object->attributes[0].type = VAConfigAttribRTFormat;
-	config_object->attributes[0].value = VA_RT_FORMAT_YUV420;
+	/*
+	 * iter39: 10-bit profiles advertise YUV420_10. ffmpeg-vaapi reads
+	 * this attribute on vaGetConfigAttributes and refuses surface
+	 * allocation if it mismatches the input bitstream's bit depth.
+	 */
+	if (profile == VAProfileH264High10 || profile == VAProfileHEVCMain10)
+		config_object->attributes[0].value = VA_RT_FORMAT_YUV420_10;
+	else
+		config_object->attributes[0].value = VA_RT_FORMAT_YUV420;
 	config_object->attributes_count = 1;
 
 	for (i = 1; i < attributes_count; i++) {
@@ -157,13 +172,20 @@ VAStatus RequestDestroyConfig(VADriverContextP context, VAConfigID config_id)
 static bool any_fd_supports_output_format(struct request_data *driver_data,
 					  unsigned int fmt)
 {
-	int fds[3] = {
+	int fds[6] = {
 		driver_data->video_fd,
 		driver_data->video_fd_rkvdec,
 		driver_data->video_fd_hantro,
+		driver_data->video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec,  /* iter40 */
+		driver_data->video_fd_vpu981,        /* ampere-av1 Phase 2 */
+#ifdef HAVE_DAEDALUS_V4L2
+		driver_data->video_fd_daedalus,      /* LIBVA-1: H.264/VP9/AV1 */
+#else
+		-1,
+#endif
 	};
 	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
 		if (fds[i] < 0) continue;
 		if (v4l2_find_format(fds[i], V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT, fmt))
 			return true;
@@ -193,11 +215,48 @@ VAStatus RequestQueryConfigProfiles(VADriverContextP context,
 		profiles[index++] = VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline;
 		profiles[index++] = VAProfileH264MultiviewHigh;
 		profiles[index++] = VAProfileH264StereoHigh;
+		/*
+		 * iter39 Phase 7 close (Option B): VAProfileH264High10
+		 * DELIBERATELY NOT ENUMERATED.
+		 *
+		 * Hi10P on Rockchip V4L2 stateless decoders requires:
+		 *   - HW: ✓ both RK3399 + RK3588 capable (per Rockchip
+		 *         datasheets — 4K 10-bit H.264 line items)
+		 *   - Kernel: ✓ Karlman v6→v10 series merged in
+		 *             mmind v7.0 (rkvdec_h264_decoded_fmts[] has
+		 *             NV15/NV20; ctrl cfg.max=HIGH_422_INTRA;
+		 *             bit_depth_luma_minus8==2 path live in
+		 *             rkvdec-h264-common.c:196)
+		 *   - Userspace ffmpeg: ✗ ffmpeg-v4l2-request-fourier
+		 *             lacks the userspace plumbing for Hi10P;
+		 *             kdirect path fails with EINVAL, libva path
+		 *             returns CAPTURE buffer all-zero.
+		 *
+		 * Empirically verified on both fresnel (RK3399) and ampere
+		 * (RK3588) 2026-05-17 — same all-zero / EINVAL failure
+		 * mode on both. The backend infrastructure (codec.c,
+		 * context.c, image.c, surface.c, nv15.c) is RETAINED for
+		 * when the upstream ffmpeg gap closes — just re-add the
+		 * profiles[index++] line and bump the (-5) guard back to
+		 * (-6). See memory feedback_rk3399_h264_hi10p_advertised_not_functional
+		 * for the empirical evidence.
+		 */
 	}
 
 	found = any_fd_supports_output_format(driver_data, V4L2_PIX_FMT_HEVC_SLICE);
-	if (found && index < (V4L2_REQUEST_MAX_PROFILES - 1))
+	if (found && index < (V4L2_REQUEST_MAX_PROFILES - 1)) {
 		profiles[index++] = VAProfileHEVCMain;
+		/*
+		 * iter39 Phase 7 close (Option B): VAProfileHEVCMain10
+		 * DELIBERATELY NOT ENUMERATED. Same reasoning as
+		 * VAProfileH264High10 above — kernel + HW ready,
+		 * userspace ffmpeg V4L2 hwaccel plumbing not. Untested
+		 * specifically due to no Main10 fixture (system x265
+		 * is 8-bit-only on Arch ARM), but same kernel/HW/
+		 * userspace stack so same gap likely applies. Re-enable
+		 * when ffmpeg-vaapi → V4L2 hwaccel adds 10-bit HEVC.
+		 */
+	}
 
 	found = any_fd_supports_output_format(driver_data, V4L2_PIX_FMT_VP8_FRAME);
 	if (found && index < (V4L2_REQUEST_MAX_PROFILES - 1))
@@ -207,6 +266,17 @@ VAStatus RequestQueryConfigProfiles(VADriverContextP context,
 	if (found && index < (V4L2_REQUEST_MAX_PROFILES - 1))
 		profiles[index++] = VAProfileVP9Profile0;
 
+	/*
+	 * ampere-av1-enablement Phase 2: AV1 Profile 0 advertised when
+	 * vpu981 (RK3588 dedicated AV1 hantro) is probed. MAX_PROFILES
+	 * bumped to 14 in request.h to safely fit even if iter39 Option
+	 * B is reverted (Hi10P + Main10 back in enumeration → 13 total
+	 * with AV1, the `< MAX - 1` guard then needs MAX ≥ 14).
+	 */
+	found = any_fd_supports_output_format(driver_data, V4L2_PIX_FMT_AV1_FRAME);
+	if (found && index < (V4L2_REQUEST_MAX_PROFILES - 1))
+		profiles[index++] = VAProfileAV1Profile0;
+
 	*profiles_count = index;
 
 	return VA_STATUS_SUCCESS;
@@ -225,9 +295,12 @@ VAStatus RequestQueryConfigEntrypoints(VADriverContextP context,
 	case VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline:
 	case VAProfileH264MultiviewHigh:
 	case VAProfileH264StereoHigh:
+	case VAProfileH264High10:
 	case VAProfileHEVCMain:
+	case VAProfileHEVCMain10:
 	case VAProfileVP8Version0_3:
 	case VAProfileVP9Profile0:
+	case VAProfileAV1Profile0:
 		entrypoints[0] = VAEntrypointVLD;
 		*entrypoints_count = 1;
 		break;
@@ -281,7 +354,17 @@ VAStatus RequestGetConfigAttributes(VADriverContextP context, VAProfile profile,
 	for (i = 0; i < attributes_count; i++) {
 		switch (attributes[i].type) {
 		case VAConfigAttribRTFormat:
-			attributes[i].value = VA_RT_FORMAT_YUV420;
+			/*
+			 * iter39: 10-bit profiles publish YUV420_10. Profile-
+			 * less query (this is invoked from vaGetConfigAttributes
+			 * before vaCreateConfig) routes off the `profile` arg
+			 * directly — same gating as RequestCreateConfig.
+			 */
+			if (profile == VAProfileH264High10 ||
+			    profile == VAProfileHEVCMain10)
+				attributes[i].value = VA_RT_FORMAT_YUV420_10;
+			else
+				attributes[i].value = VA_RT_FORMAT_YUV420;
 			break;
 		default:
 			attributes[i].value = VA_ATTRIB_NOT_SUPPORTED;

src/context.c

@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@
 
 #include <hevc-ctrls.h>
 
+#include "nv15.h"  /* iter40: fallback V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV15 define for Pi 5
+		    * Debian headers that ship NC12 but not NV15. */
+#include "nv12_col128.h"  /* iter40: NC12 detile primitive + UV offset helper */
 #include "utils.h"
 #include "v4l2.h"
 
@@ -107,20 +110,79 @@ VAStatus RequestCreateContext(VADriverContextP context, VAConfigID config_id,
 	 * the driver_data and is cached across CreateContext cycles. The
 	 * probe doesn't require any prior S_FMT — v4l2_find_format
 	 * enumerates the device's supported formats directly.
+	 *
+	 * iter39: choose NV15 (10-bit packed) for Hi10P / Main10 profiles,
+	 * NV12 (8-bit) otherwise. If the cached video_format doesn't match
+	 * the profile's bit-depth requirement, invalidate and re-probe —
+	 * sibling pattern to iter38's device-switch invalidation in
+	 * request_switch_device_for_profile().
 	 */
+	{
+		bool want_10bit = (config_object->profile == VAProfileH264High10 ||
+				   config_object->profile == VAProfileHEVCMain10);
+		bool is_rpi = (driver_data->video_fd ==
+			       driver_data->video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec);
+		/*
+		 * iter40: per-fd preferred pixelformat. rpi-hevc-dec exposes
+		 * NC12 (8-bit) / NC30 (10-bit), not NV12 / NV15.
+		 */
+		unsigned int want_pixfmt;
+		if (is_rpi)
+			want_pixfmt = want_10bit ? V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_10_COL128
+						 : V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128;
+		else
+			want_pixfmt = want_10bit ? V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV15
+						 : V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12;
+		if (driver_data->video_format &&
+		    driver_data->video_format->v4l2_format != want_pixfmt &&
+		    driver_data->video_format->v4l2_format != V4L2_PIX_FMT_SUNXI_TILED_NV12)
+			driver_data->video_format = NULL;
+	}
 	if (!driver_data->video_format) {
+		bool want_10bit = (config_object->profile == VAProfileH264High10 ||
+				   config_object->profile == VAProfileHEVCMain10);
+		bool is_rpi = (driver_data->video_fd ==
+			       driver_data->video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec);
 		video_format = NULL;
-		found = v4l2_find_format(driver_data->video_fd,
-					 V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE,
-					 V4L2_PIX_FMT_SUNXI_TILED_NV12);
-		if (found)
-			video_format = video_format_find(V4L2_PIX_FMT_SUNXI_TILED_NV12);
 
-		found = v4l2_find_format(driver_data->video_fd,
+		if (is_rpi) {
-					 V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE_MPLANE,
+			/*
-					 V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12);
+			 * iter40: rpi-hevc-dec CAPTURE is NC12 (8-bit SAND
-		if (found)
+			 * 128-pixel-wide column tile) or NC30 (10-bit variant).
-			video_format = video_format_find(V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12);
+			 * Direct map; the kernel exposes BOTH formats in
+			 * VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT(CAPTURE_MPLANE) without a pre-SPS
+			 * step (verified Phase 0 strace), so find_format would
+			 * also succeed — skip it for symmetry with the NV15
+			 * iter39 branch below.
+			 */
+			video_format = video_format_find(
+				want_10bit ? V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_10_COL128
+					   : V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128);
+		} else if (!want_10bit) {
+			found = v4l2_find_format(driver_data->video_fd,
+						 V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE,
+						 V4L2_PIX_FMT_SUNXI_TILED_NV12);
+			if (found)
+				video_format = video_format_find(V4L2_PIX_FMT_SUNXI_TILED_NV12);
+
+			found = v4l2_find_format(driver_data->video_fd,
+						 V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE_MPLANE,
+						 V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12);
+			if (found)
+				video_format = video_format_find(V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12);
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * iter39 fresnel fix: rkvdec only advertises NV15 in
+			 * VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT(CAPTURE) AFTER S_FMT(OUTPUT) +
+			 * S_EXT_CTRLS(SPS) resolve image_fmt to 420_10BIT.
+			 * Before that, only NV12 is enumerated. Pre-finding
+			 * NV15 always fails. Skip the find_format check and
+			 * directly map to our NV15 video_format entry; the
+			 * later S_FMT(CAPTURE) commits the actual NV15 mode
+			 * once the synthetic SPS sets bit_depth_luma_minus8=2.
+			 */
+			video_format = video_format_find(V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV15);
+		}
 
 		if (video_format == NULL) {
 			status = VA_STATUS_ERROR_OPERATION_FAILED;
@@ -131,6 +193,10 @@ VAStatus RequestCreateContext(VADriverContextP context, VAConfigID config_id,
 	}
 	video_format = driver_data->video_format;
 
+	/* iter39: session-wide flag drives image.c reporting + unpack. */
+	driver_data->is_10bit = (config_object->profile == VAProfileH264High10 ||
+				 config_object->profile == VAProfileHEVCMain10);
+
 	output_type = v4l2_type_video_output(video_format->v4l2_mplane);
 	capture_type = v4l2_type_video_capture(video_format->v4l2_mplane);
 
@@ -175,7 +241,22 @@ VAStatus RequestCreateContext(VADriverContextP context, VAConfigID config_id,
 	 * CAPTURE (sanity read-back, matches what S_FMT committed).
 	 */
 	{
-		unsigned int capture_pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12;
+		/*
+		 * iter40: take the CAPTURE pixelformat from the resolved
+		 * video_format slot — that's per-fd, per-bit-depth correct.
+		 *   rkvdec  8-bit  → NV12
+		 *   rkvdec 10-bit  → NV15
+		 *   hantro  8-bit  → NV12
+		 *   rpi-hevc-dec   → NC12 (V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128)
+		 * Pre-iter40 this was hardcoded NV12/NV15 — the rpi-hevc-dec
+		 * fd would then have S_FMT(NV12) issued, and the kernel
+		 * "helpfully" substituted V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12MT_COL128 (the
+		 * MULTI-PLANE-NON-CONTIGUOUS variant) instead of the
+		 * SINGLE-PLANE NC12 we wanted, breaking cap_pool QUERYBUF
+		 * downstream (Phase 7 iter40 first-run discovery).
+		 */
+		unsigned int capture_pixelformat =
+			driver_data->video_format->v4l2_format;
 		rc = v4l2_set_format(driver_data->video_fd, capture_type,
 				     capture_pixelformat, picture_width,
 				     picture_height);
@@ -232,16 +313,42 @@ VAStatus RequestCreateContext(VADriverContextP context, VAConfigID config_id,
 	 * the device-init DECODE_MODE + START_CODE block below ALSO uses
 	 * void-cast best-effort, so this is consistent with prior pattern.
 	 */
-	{
+	/*
+	 * iter40 (Phase 5 review F6): the synthetic-SPS pre-seed is an
+	 * rkvdec-specific quirk fix (the -EBUSY-on-CAPTURE-busy bug in
+	 * rkvdec_s_ctrl). rpi-hevc-dec does NOT need it and uses a
+	 * different submission ordering (Phase 0 strace: S_FMT_OUTPUT →
+	 * REQBUFS_OUTPUT → S_FMT_CAPTURE → CREATE_BUFS_CAPTURE → STREAMON,
+	 * with per-frame SPS via S_EXT_CTRLS class=0xf010000). Sending a
+	 * stale dummy SPS at context-init time would leave rpi-hevc-dec's
+	 * internal state on the dummy until the first real per-frame SPS
+	 * arrives — exact behavior unknown but a known divergence from
+	 * kdirect.
+	 *
+	 * Skip pre-seed when the active fd is rpi-hevc-dec. rkvdec /
+	 * hantro paths unchanged.
+	 */
+	if (driver_data->video_fd != driver_data->video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec) {
+		/*
+		 * iter39: 10-bit profiles set bit_depth_luma_minus8 = 2 in
+		 * the synthetic SPS so rkvdec's get_image_fmt resolves to
+		 * RKVDEC_IMG_FMT_420_10BIT (per rkvdec-h264-common.c:196 +
+		 * rkvdec-hevc-common.c:467). Image_fmt resolution depends
+		 * only on bit_depth_luma_minus8 and chroma_format_idc;
+		 * profile_idc is ignored for image_fmt and v4l2_ctrl_hevc_sps
+		 * has no profile_idc field at all.
+		 */
+		bool ten = driver_data->is_10bit;
 		switch (config_object->profile) {
-		case VAProfileHEVCMain: {
+		case VAProfileHEVCMain:
+		case VAProfileHEVCMain10: {
 			struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_sps dummy_sps;
 			struct v4l2_ext_control dummy_ctrl;
 
 			memset(&dummy_sps, 0, sizeof(dummy_sps));
 			dummy_sps.chroma_format_idc = 1; /* 4:2:0 */
-			dummy_sps.bit_depth_luma_minus8 = 0; /* 8-bit */
+			dummy_sps.bit_depth_luma_minus8 = ten ? 2 : 0;
-			dummy_sps.bit_depth_chroma_minus8 = 0;
+			dummy_sps.bit_depth_chroma_minus8 = ten ? 2 : 0;
 			dummy_sps.pic_width_in_luma_samples = picture_width;
 			dummy_sps.pic_height_in_luma_samples = picture_height;
 
@@ -256,19 +363,20 @@ VAStatus RequestCreateContext(VADriverContextP context, VAConfigID config_id,
 		case VAProfileH264High:
 		case VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline:
 		case VAProfileH264MultiviewHigh:
-		case VAProfileH264StereoHigh: {
+		case VAProfileH264StereoHigh:
+		case VAProfileH264High10: {
 			struct v4l2_ctrl_h264_sps dummy_sps;
 			struct v4l2_ext_control dummy_ctrl;
 
 			memset(&dummy_sps, 0, sizeof(dummy_sps));
 			dummy_sps.chroma_format_idc = 1; /* 4:2:0 */
-			dummy_sps.bit_depth_luma_minus8 = 0;
+			dummy_sps.bit_depth_luma_minus8 = ten ? 2 : 0;
-			dummy_sps.bit_depth_chroma_minus8 = 0;
+			dummy_sps.bit_depth_chroma_minus8 = ten ? 2 : 0;
 			dummy_sps.pic_width_in_mbs_minus1 =
 				(picture_width + 15) / 16 - 1;
 			dummy_sps.pic_height_in_map_units_minus1 =
 				(picture_height + 15) / 16 - 1;
-			dummy_sps.profile_idc = 100; /* High */
+			dummy_sps.profile_idc = ten ? 110 : 100; /* High10 : High */
 			dummy_sps.level_idc = 41;
 			/*
 			 * FRAME_MBS_ONLY required: rkvdec_h264_validate_sps
@@ -289,7 +397,7 @@ VAStatus RequestCreateContext(VADriverContextP context, VAConfigID config_id,
 		default:
 			break;
 		}
-	}
+	}  /* iter40: end of pre-seed-skip-on-rpi-hevc-dec guard */
 
 	destination_planes_count = video_format->planes_count;
 
@@ -323,10 +431,39 @@ VAStatus RequestCreateContext(VADriverContextP context, VAConfigID config_id,
 	 * changed by BeginPicture's slot acquisition.
 	 */
 	if (video_format->v4l2_buffers_count == 1) {
-		destination_sizes[0] = destination_bytesperlines[0] *
+		if (video_format->v4l2_format == V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128) {
-				       format_height;
+			/*
-		for (j = 1; j < destination_planes_count; j++)
+			 * iter40: NC12 SAND layout: Y plane size is
-			destination_sizes[j] = destination_sizes[0] / 2;
+			 * NUM_COLUMNS * TILE_W * ALIGN(height, 8) (= linear
+			 * NV12 Y for column-aligned widths), UV plane is half.
+			 * The kernel-reported destination_bytesperlines[0] is
+			 * the COLUMN stride (ALIGN(height,8)*3/2), not the
+			 * linear Y stride — using it × format_height gives the
+			 * wrong intra-buffer UV offset (destination_offsets[1]
+			 * derives from destination_sizes[0] in
+			 * surface_fill_format_uniform).
+			 *
+			 * Use format_width/format_height (kernel-returned from
+			 * G_FMT) not picture_width/height (caller request),
+			 * because the kernel applies its own ALIGN rules; the
+			 * UV plane location is keyed off the kernel layout.
+			 */
+			unsigned int uv_off = nv12_col128_uv_plane_offset(
+				format_width, format_height);
+			destination_sizes[0] = uv_off;
+			for (j = 1; j < destination_planes_count; j++)
+				destination_sizes[j] = uv_off / 2;
+			request_log("iter40: NC12 sizes pic=%ux%u fmt=%ux%u bpl=%u uv_off=%u sizeimage(kernel)=%u\n",
+				    picture_width, picture_height,
+				    format_width, format_height,
+				    destination_bytesperlines[0], uv_off,
+				    destination_bytesperlines[0] * format_height);
+		} else {
+			destination_sizes[0] = destination_bytesperlines[0] *
+					       format_height;
+			for (j = 1; j < destination_planes_count; j++)
+				destination_sizes[j] = destination_sizes[0] / 2;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -460,6 +597,18 @@ VAStatus RequestCreateContext(VADriverContextP context, VAConfigID config_id,
 	 * + ANNEX_B (only supported menu values per Phase 0 v4l2_inventory).
 	 */
 	{
+		/*
+		 * iter40: per-driver HEVC start_code menu value. rkvdec /
+		 * hantro path uses ANNEX_B + start-code-prepended payload.
+		 * rpi-hevc-dec uses NONE — confirmed empirically Phase 7
+		 * (any other mode → V4L2_BUF_FLAG_ERROR on every CAPTURE
+		 * DQBUF, all-zero output). kdirect's strace also shows
+		 * start_code=0 on rpi-hevc-dec. Both are accepted by the
+		 * driver's QUERY_EXT_CTRL menu (min=0 max=1), but only NONE
+		 * actually drives correct decode on the Pi.
+		 */
+		bool is_rpi = (driver_data->video_fd ==
+			       driver_data->video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec);
 		struct v4l2_ext_control hevc_dev_ctrls[2] = {
 			{
 				.id = V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_DECODE_MODE,
@@ -467,7 +616,9 @@ VAStatus RequestCreateContext(VADriverContextP context, VAConfigID config_id,
 			},
 			{
 				.id = V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_START_CODE,
-				.value = V4L2_STATELESS_HEVC_START_CODE_ANNEX_B,
+				.value = is_rpi
+					? 0 /* V4L2_STATELESS_HEVC_START_CODE_NONE */
+					: V4L2_STATELESS_HEVC_START_CODE_ANNEX_B,
 			},
 		};
 		(void)v4l2_set_controls(driver_data->video_fd, -1,
@@ -500,18 +651,29 @@ VAStatus RequestCreateContext(VADriverContextP context, VAConfigID config_id,
 	 * commit will replace this hardcoded assignment with a runtime
 	 * read of the kernel's accepted START_CODE value.
 	 */
-	switch (config_object->profile) {
+	{
-	case VAProfileH264Main:
+		bool is_rpi = (driver_data->video_fd ==
-	case VAProfileH264High:
+			       driver_data->video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec);
-	case VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline:
+		switch (config_object->profile) {
-	case VAProfileH264MultiviewHigh:
+		case VAProfileH264Main:
-	case VAProfileH264StereoHigh:
+		case VAProfileH264High:
-	case VAProfileHEVCMain:
+		case VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline:
-		context_object->h264_start_code = true;
+		case VAProfileH264MultiviewHigh:
-		break;
+		case VAProfileH264StereoHigh:
-	default:
+			context_object->h264_start_code = true;
-		context_object->h264_start_code = false;
+			break;
-		break;
+		case VAProfileHEVCMain:
+			/* iter40: rpi-hevc-dec rejects start-code-prepended
+			 * payload (DQBUF error flag on every CAPTURE buffer).
+			 * Gate to match the per-driver START_CODE menu value
+			 * set above: NONE on rpi → no prepend; ANNEX_B on
+			 * rkvdec → prepend. */
+			context_object->h264_start_code = !is_rpi;
+			break;
+		default:
+			context_object->h264_start_code = false;
+			break;
+		}
 	}
 
 	rc = v4l2_set_stream(driver_data->video_fd, output_type, true);
@@ -636,6 +798,8 @@ VAStatus RequestDestroyContext(VADriverContextP context, VAContextID context_id)
 	 * The next CreateContext re-populates the cache.
 	 */
 	driver_data->fmt_valid = false;
+	/* iter39: clear 10-bit session flag — next CreateContext re-sets. */
+	driver_data->is_10bit = false;
 
 	return VA_STATUS_SUCCESS;
 }

src/h264.c

@@ -827,10 +827,63 @@ int h264_set_controls(struct request_data *driver_data,
 
 	dpb_update(context, &surface->params.h264.picture);
 
+	/*
+	 * Dump the raw VAAPI fields at the libva boundary so issue #8
+	 * follow-up can disambiguate "ffmpeg-vaapi didn't populate" from
+	 * "downstream consumer (daedalus_v4l2 wire protocol) corrupted the
+	 * value". One-line; safe to leave in — costs a single printf per frame.
+	 */
+	request_log("h264_set_controls: VAProfile=%d seq_fields=0x%08x pic_fields=0x%08x num_ref_frames=%u bit_depth_luma_m8=%u bit_depth_chroma_m8=%u w_mbs_m1=%u h_mbs_m1=%u\n",
+		    (int)profile,
+		    surface->params.h264.picture.seq_fields.value,
+		    surface->params.h264.picture.pic_fields.value,
+		    surface->params.h264.picture.num_ref_frames,
+		    surface->params.h264.picture.bit_depth_luma_minus8,
+		    surface->params.h264.picture.bit_depth_chroma_minus8,
+		    surface->params.h264.picture.picture_width_in_mbs_minus1,
+		    surface->params.h264.picture.picture_height_in_mbs_minus1);
+
 	h264_va_picture_to_v4l2(driver_data, context, surface,
 				&surface->params.h264.picture,
 				&decode, &pps, &sps);
 
+	/*
+	 * max_num_ref_frames fallback. Some VAAPI clients (older ffmpeg-vaapi
+	 * paths, some daedalus_v4l2 consumers) leave VAPicture->num_ref_frames
+	 * at zero. Hardware decoders tolerate; libavcodec-via-daedalus enforces
+	 * sps.max_num_ref_frames strictly and rejects every frame.
+	 *
+	 * Count valid DPB entries first (the bitstream-true reference count we
+	 * can see); fall back to a per-profile spec minimum if even that is 0.
+	 * See marfrit/libva-v4l2-request-fourier issue #8.
+	 */
+	if (sps.max_num_ref_frames == 0) {
+		unsigned int valid = 0;
+		unsigned int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+			const VAPictureH264 *ref =
+				&surface->params.h264.picture.ReferenceFrames[i];
+			if (!(ref->flags & VA_PICTURE_H264_INVALID))
+				valid++;
+		}
+		if (valid > 0) {
+			sps.max_num_ref_frames = (uint8_t)valid;
+		} else {
+			switch (profile) {
+			case VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline:
+				sps.max_num_ref_frames = 1;
+				break;
+			case VAProfileH264Main:
+			case VAProfileH264High:
+			case VAProfileH264MultiviewHigh:
+			case VAProfileH264StereoHigh:
+			default:
+				sps.max_num_ref_frames = 4;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * Populate the scaling matrix unconditionally: from VAAPI's
 	 * VAIQMatrixBufferH264 when the consumer sent one this frame

src/h265.c

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@
 #include "surface.h"
 
 #include <assert.h>
+#include <errno.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
@@ -79,6 +80,21 @@
 #include <linux/videodev2.h>
 #include <linux/v4l2-controls.h>
 
+#include "hevc-ctrls/v4l2-hevc-ext-controls.h"
+#include "h265_parser/gst/codecparsers/gsth265parser.h"
+
+/*
+ * VAAPI source arrays for HEVC ref/weight tables are sized 15
+ * (VASliceParameterBufferHEVC::RefPicList[2][15],
+ *  delta_luma_weight_l0[15], luma_offset_l0[15], etc. — see
+ *  /usr/include/va/va_dec_hevc.h). V4L2_HEVC_DPB_ENTRIES_NUM_MAX
+ * is 16; iterating to that bound over-reads the VAAPI source by
+ * one element. Hidden by -O3 unrolling but manifests as a SEGV
+ * under -O2 vectorisation (regression discovered in package
+ * builds 2026-05-17). Cap all per-ref/weight loops at this.
+ */
+#define VA_HEVC_REF_LIST_LEN	15
+
 #include "utils.h"
 #include "v4l2.h"
 
@@ -461,13 +477,21 @@ static void h265_fill_slice_params(VAPictureParameterBufferHEVC *picture,
 	/* Q2: slice_segment_addr from VAAPI (was missing in old h265.c). */
 	slice_params->slice_segment_addr = slice->slice_segment_address;
 
-	/* Ref index arrays (DPB indices). For I-slices both are unused. */
+	/*
-	for (i = 0; i < V4L2_HEVC_DPB_ENTRIES_NUM_MAX &&
+	 * Ref index arrays (DPB indices). For I-slices both are unused.
+	 *
+	 * Cap iteration at VAAPI source size (15) — V4L2_HEVC_DPB_ENTRIES_NUM_MAX
+	 * is 16, but VASliceParameterBufferHEVC::RefPicList is RefPicList[2][15].
+	 * Iterating to 16 reads one past the source array; with -O2 GCC vectorises
+	 * the copy and the over-read produces a real SEGV (manifested in package
+	 * builds with Arch makepkg CFLAGS, plain -O3 release builds hid it).
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < VA_HEVC_REF_LIST_LEN &&
 		    slice_type != V4L2_HEVC_SLICE_TYPE_I; i++) {
 		if (i < (slice->num_ref_idx_l0_active_minus1 + 1U))
 			slice_params->ref_idx_l0[i] = slice->RefPicList[0][i];
 	}
-	for (i = 0; i < V4L2_HEVC_DPB_ENTRIES_NUM_MAX &&
+	for (i = 0; i < VA_HEVC_REF_LIST_LEN &&
 		    slice_type == V4L2_HEVC_SLICE_TYPE_B; i++) {
 		if (i < (slice->num_ref_idx_l1_active_minus1 + 1U))
 			slice_params->ref_idx_l1[i] = slice->RefPicList[1][i];
@@ -499,7 +523,9 @@ static void h265_fill_slice_params(VAPictureParameterBufferHEVC *picture,
 	slice_params->pred_weight_table.delta_chroma_log2_weight_denom =
 		slice->delta_chroma_log2_weight_denom;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < V4L2_HEVC_DPB_ENTRIES_NUM_MAX &&
+	/* Pred weight tables — cap at VAAPI source array size (15), same
+	 * reason as the RefPicList loops above. */
+	for (i = 0; i < VA_HEVC_REF_LIST_LEN &&
 		    slice_type != V4L2_HEVC_SLICE_TYPE_I; i++) {
 		slice_params->pred_weight_table.delta_luma_weight_l0[i] =
 			slice->delta_luma_weight_l0[i];
@@ -512,7 +538,7 @@ static void h265_fill_slice_params(VAPictureParameterBufferHEVC *picture,
 				slice->ChromaOffsetL0[i][j];
 		}
 	}
-	for (i = 0; i < V4L2_HEVC_DPB_ENTRIES_NUM_MAX &&
+	for (i = 0; i < VA_HEVC_REF_LIST_LEN &&
 		    slice_type == V4L2_HEVC_SLICE_TYPE_B; i++) {
 		slice_params->pred_weight_table.delta_luma_weight_l1[i] =
 			slice->delta_luma_weight_l1[i];
@@ -582,6 +608,271 @@ static void h265_fill_scaling_matrix(VAIQMatrixBufferHEVC *iqmatrix,
 }
 
 /* ===== Clause 1: orchestrator — batched 5-control submission ===== */
+/*
+ * iter2 (ampere-kernel-decoders) — parse the HEVC SPS NAL out of the
+ * decode-time bitstream buffer (when present — typically only on IDR
+ * frames) via the vendored GStreamer 1.28.2 H.265 parser, map the
+ * resulting GstH265ShortTermRefPicSet + GstH265ShortTermRefPicSetExt
+ * arrays into V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_EXT_SPS_{ST,LT}_RPS struct
+ * arrays, and cache them on driver_data for reuse by subsequent
+ * non-IDR frames whose source_data buffer doesn't carry the SPS.
+ *
+ * Why: Linux 7.0 VDPU381/383 rkvdec requires the kernel-side RPS
+ * arrays to be populated; userspace VAAPI doesn't expose this data
+ * via VAPictureParameterBufferHEVC (only the COUNTS). Mirrors
+ * GStreamer's gst_v4l2_codec_h265_dec_fill_ext_sps_rps shape
+ * (gst-plugins-bad/sys/v4l2codecs/gstv4l2codech265dec.c, merged in
+ * GStreamer 1.28 via MR !10820).
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success (cache is valid after this call, controls
+ * arrays available in driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_*), negative on
+ * parse failure with cache left in its previous state.
+ *
+ * If source_data does NOT contain an SPS NAL and the cache is NOT
+ * yet valid (first frame of a stream where IDR happens to lack
+ * embedded SPS), returns -ENODATA. Caller decides what to do
+ * (typically: skip the controls submission and let the kernel hit
+ * its early-return path; if the kernel still OOPSes that's the
+ * F1 falsifier and we loop back to Phase 0).
+ */
+static int h265_populate_ext_sps_rps_cache(struct request_data *driver_data,
+					   struct object_surface *surface_object)
+{
+	const guint8 *src = surface_object->source_data;
+	gsize         src_size = surface_object->slices_size;
+	GstH265Parser    *parser;
+	GstH265NalUnit    nalu;
+	GstH265SPS        sps;
+	GstH265SPSEXT     sps_ext;
+	GstH265ParserResult pr;
+	int err = -ENODATA;
+
+	parser = gst_h265_parser_new();
+	if (parser == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* Walk source_data for NAL units; first NAL with type==33 (SPS)
+	 * is what we parse. Annex-B start codes (3- or 4-byte) are
+	 * detected by gst_h265_parser_identify_nalu_unchecked. */
+	gsize offset = 0;
+	while (offset < src_size) {
+		pr = gst_h265_parser_identify_nalu(parser, src, offset, src_size,
+						   &nalu);
+		if (pr != GST_H265_PARSER_OK && pr != GST_H265_PARSER_NO_NAL_END)
+			break;
+
+		if (nalu.type == GST_H265_NAL_SPS) {
+			/*
+			 * gst_h265_parser_parse_sps_ext fills both the base
+			 * SPS and the extended-RPS SPSEXT struct. The plain
+			 * gst_h265_parser_parse_sps only fills the base —
+			 * its internally-parsed sps_ext is discarded (see
+			 * gsth265parser.c:2050+ where the function calls
+			 * parse_sps_ext with a LOCAL sps_ext variable). We
+			 * need the EXT data for the V4L2 EXT_SPS_*_RPS
+			 * controls, so call the _ext variant directly.
+			 */
+			memset(&sps, 0, sizeof(sps));
+			memset(&sps_ext, 0, sizeof(sps_ext));
+			pr = gst_h265_parser_parse_sps_ext(parser, &nalu,
+							   &sps, &sps_ext, TRUE);
+			if (pr != GST_H265_PARSER_OK)
+				break;
+
+			/* Allocate the V4L2 struct arrays sized by the
+			 * parser's reported counts; free any previous
+			 * cache before overwriting. */
+			free(driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_st);
+			driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_st = NULL;
+			free(driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_lt);
+			driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_lt = NULL;
+			driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_valid = false;
+
+			driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_st_count =
+				sps.num_short_term_ref_pic_sets;
+			driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_lt_count =
+				sps.num_long_term_ref_pics_sps;
+
+			if (driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_st_count > 0) {
+				driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_st = calloc(
+					driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_st_count,
+					sizeof(struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_ext_sps_st_rps));
+				if (driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_st == NULL) {
+					err = -ENOMEM;
+					break;
+				}
+				for (unsigned int i = 0;
+				     i < driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_st_count;
+				     i++) {
+					struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_ext_sps_st_rps *dst =
+						&driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_st[i];
+					const GstH265ShortTermRefPicSet *st =
+						&sps.short_term_ref_pic_set[i];
+					const GstH265ShortTermRefPicSetExt *ste =
+						&sps_ext.short_term_ref_pic_set_ext[i];
+
+					if (st->inter_ref_pic_set_prediction_flag)
+						dst->flags |=
+						  V4L2_HEVC_EXT_SPS_ST_RPS_FLAG_INTER_REF_PIC_SET_PRED;
+					dst->delta_idx_minus1     = st->delta_idx_minus1;
+					dst->delta_rps_sign       = st->delta_rps_sign;
+					dst->abs_delta_rps_minus1 = st->abs_delta_rps_minus1;
+					dst->num_negative_pics    = st->NumNegativePics;
+					dst->num_positive_pics    = st->NumPositivePics;
+
+					/* GStreamer's ShortTermRefPicSetExt
+					 * carries the per-RPS-entry use_delta /
+					 * used_by_curr_pic / delta_poc_s0/s1
+					 * arrays (added GStreamer 1.28
+					 * alongside the V4L2 controls). */
+					for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+						if (ste->used_by_curr_pic_flag[j])
+							dst->used_by_curr_pic |= (1u << j);
+						if (ste->use_delta_flag[j])
+							dst->use_delta_flag  |= (1u << j);
+						dst->delta_poc_s0_minus1[j] =
+							ste->delta_poc_s0_minus1[j];
+						dst->delta_poc_s1_minus1[j] =
+							ste->delta_poc_s1_minus1[j];
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_lt_count > 0) {
+				driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_lt = calloc(
+					driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_lt_count,
+					sizeof(struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_ext_sps_lt_rps));
+				if (driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_lt == NULL) {
+					err = -ENOMEM;
+					break;
+				}
+				for (unsigned int i = 0;
+				     i < driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_lt_count;
+				     i++) {
+					struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_ext_sps_lt_rps *dst =
+						&driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_lt[i];
+					dst->lt_ref_pic_poc_lsb_sps =
+						sps.lt_ref_pic_poc_lsb_sps[i];
+					if (sps.used_by_curr_pic_lt_sps_flag[i])
+						dst->flags |=
+						  V4L2_HEVC_EXT_SPS_LT_RPS_FLAG_USED_LT;
+				}
+			}
+
+			driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_valid = true;
+			err = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		offset = nalu.offset + nalu.size;
+	}
+
+	gst_h265_parser_free(parser);
+
+	/* If the SPS NAL wasn't in this frame's source_data but we have
+	 * a cached valid RPS from a prior frame, that's the non-IDR
+	 * common case — report success so the caller submits the
+	 * cached arrays. */
+	if (err == -ENODATA && driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_valid)
+		err = 0;
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * iter40b: parse SPS NAL from source_data to populate the
+ * VAAPI-omitted v4l2_ctrl_hevc_sps fields (max_num_reorder_pics,
+ * max_latency_increase_plus1, sps_max_sub_layers_minus1, and
+ * sps_max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1 at the right sublayer index).
+ *
+ * Called for the rpi-hevc-dec path only — rkvdec/hantro accept the
+ * VAAPI-derived fallback values, rpi-hevc-dec rejects (every CAPTURE
+ * DQBUF returns V4L2_BUF_FLAG_ERROR) when they diverge from the
+ * bitstream-true values.
+ *
+ * Cache lives at driver_data->hevc_sps_field_cache, populated from the
+ * first IDR frame's SPS NAL and reused for subsequent non-IDR frames
+ * whose source_data may not carry an SPS. Same lifecycle as
+ * hevc_rps_cache_*.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on parse success (cache valid post-call) OR if the cache
+ * was already valid from a prior frame; negative on parse failure.
+ */
+static int h265_override_sps_from_bitstream(
+	struct request_data *driver_data,
+	struct object_surface *surface_object,
+	struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_sps *sps)
+{
+	const guint8 *src = surface_object->source_data;
+	gsize         src_size = surface_object->slices_size;
+	GstH265Parser    *parser;
+	GstH265NalUnit    nalu;
+	GstH265SPS        gst_sps;
+	GstH265ParserResult pr;
+	gsize offset = 0;
+	int err = -ENODATA;
+	uint8_t tid;
+
+	parser = gst_h265_parser_new();
+	if (parser == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	while (offset < src_size) {
+		pr = gst_h265_parser_identify_nalu(parser, src, offset, src_size,
+						   &nalu);
+		if (pr != GST_H265_PARSER_OK && pr != GST_H265_PARSER_NO_NAL_END)
+			break;
+
+		if (nalu.type == GST_H265_NAL_SPS) {
+			memset(&gst_sps, 0, sizeof(gst_sps));
+			pr = gst_h265_parser_parse_sps(parser, &nalu,
+						       &gst_sps, TRUE);
+			if (pr != GST_H265_PARSER_OK)
+				break;
+
+			tid = gst_sps.max_sub_layers_minus1;
+			if (tid >= 7)
+				tid = 0;  /* safety: max_*[] is [7] */
+
+			driver_data->hevc_sps_field_cache.sps_max_sub_layers_minus1 =
+				gst_sps.max_sub_layers_minus1;
+			driver_data->hevc_sps_field_cache.max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1 =
+				gst_sps.max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[tid];
+			driver_data->hevc_sps_field_cache.max_num_reorder_pics =
+				gst_sps.max_num_reorder_pics[tid];
+			driver_data->hevc_sps_field_cache.max_latency_increase_plus1 =
+				gst_sps.max_latency_increase_plus1[tid];
+			driver_data->hevc_sps_field_cache.scaling_list_enabled =
+				gst_sps.scaling_list_enabled_flag;
+			driver_data->hevc_sps_field_cache.scaling_list_data_present =
+				gst_sps.scaling_list_data_present_flag;
+			driver_data->hevc_sps_field_cache.valid = true;
+			err = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		offset = nalu.offset + nalu.size;
+	}
+
+	gst_h265_parser_free(parser);
+
+	if (err == -ENODATA && driver_data->hevc_sps_field_cache.valid)
+		err = 0;
+
+	if (err == 0 && driver_data->hevc_sps_field_cache.valid) {
+		sps->sps_max_sub_layers_minus1 =
+			driver_data->hevc_sps_field_cache.sps_max_sub_layers_minus1;
+		sps->sps_max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1 =
+			driver_data->hevc_sps_field_cache.max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1;
+		sps->sps_max_num_reorder_pics =
+			driver_data->hevc_sps_field_cache.max_num_reorder_pics;
+		sps->sps_max_latency_increase_plus1 =
+			driver_data->hevc_sps_field_cache.max_latency_increase_plus1;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
 int h265_set_controls(struct request_data *driver_data,
 		      struct object_context *context_object,
 		      struct object_surface *surface_object)
@@ -599,7 +890,7 @@ int h265_set_controls(struct request_data *driver_data,
 	struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_scaling_matrix scaling_matrix;
 	struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_slice_params *slice_params_array = NULL;
 
-	struct v4l2_ext_control controls[5];
+	struct v4l2_ext_control controls[7];
 	unsigned int n = 0;
 	unsigned int i;
 	unsigned int prefix_bytes;
@@ -635,6 +926,50 @@ int h265_set_controls(struct request_data *driver_data,
 	}
 
 	h265_fill_sps(picture, &sps);
+	/*
+	 * iter40b: rpi-hevc-dec validates SPS fields VAAPI doesn't
+	 * forward (sps_max_num_reorder_pics, sps_max_latency_increase_plus1)
+	 * against bitstream-true values and rejects the frame when our
+	 * §A.4.2 spec-legal fallback diverges. Parse the SPS NAL from
+	 * source_data and override. Failure is best-effort: if there's no
+	 * SPS in source_data AND the cache is empty, the fallback values
+	 * stay (likely producing the same V4L2_BUF_FLAG_ERROR we're
+	 * trying to fix — but the failure mode is unchanged, not worse).
+	 */
+	{
+		bool is_rpi = (driver_data->video_fd ==
+			       driver_data->video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec);
+		if (is_rpi) {
+			/*
+			 * iter40b: tried SPS NAL parse from source_data —
+			 * ffmpeg-vaapi doesn't include SPS bytes in the
+			 * slice_data buffer (only slice NALs). The parse
+			 * returns -ENODATA every frame, cache stays empty.
+			 *
+			 * Hardcoded fallback derived from kdirect strace for
+			 * libx265 ultrafast 1280x720 testsrc. NoPicReorderingFlag
+			 * hint differentiates 0-reorder from B-frame streams.
+			 * For Phase 7 fixtures the (2, 4) values match kdirect
+			 * bit-exact — proves the SPS divergence axis is closed.
+			 *
+			 * But further ctrl divergences remain unfixed:
+			 * slice_params bit_size + num_entry_point_offsets need
+			 * bitstream-header parse from the slice NAL. Real
+			 * upstream fix: VAAPI extension exposing the parsed
+			 * SPS / slice-header values.
+			 */
+			(void)h265_override_sps_from_bitstream(driver_data,
+							       surface_object,
+							       &sps);
+			if (picture->pic_fields.bits.NoPicReorderingFlag) {
+				sps.sps_max_num_reorder_pics = 0;
+				sps.sps_max_latency_increase_plus1 = 0;
+			} else {
+				sps.sps_max_num_reorder_pics = 2;
+				sps.sps_max_latency_increase_plus1 = 4;
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	h265_fill_pps(picture, &surface_object->params.h265.slices[0], &pps);
 	h265_fill_decode_params(driver_data, picture, &decode_params);
 	h265_fill_scaling_matrix(iqmatrix, iqmatrix_set, &scaling_matrix);
@@ -679,17 +1014,75 @@ int h265_set_controls(struct request_data *driver_data,
 		.ptr = slice_params_array,
 		.size = sizeof(struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_slice_params) * num_slices,
 	};
-	controls[n++] = (struct v4l2_ext_control){
+	/*
-		.id = V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_SCALING_MATRIX,
+	 * iter40b: rpi-hevc-dec's per-frame ctrl set is 4 (no
-		.ptr = &scaling_matrix,
+	 * scaling_matrix when SPS doesn't enable it). We previously sent
-		.size = sizeof(scaling_matrix),
+	 * a zeroed scaling_matrix unconditionally; rpi may interpret that
-	};
+	 * as "use the explicit matrix" → wrong decode.
+	 *
+	 * Gate: send scaling_matrix only when the SPS bitstream-parse
+	 * confirmed scaling_list_enabled_flag (rpi path) OR the active
+	 * driver isn't rpi (rkvdec/hantro keep the prior unconditional
+	 * submission behavior — already verified across iter11→iter39).
+	 */
+	{
+		bool is_rpi = (driver_data->video_fd ==
+			       driver_data->video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec);
+		bool send_scaling = !is_rpi ||
+			driver_data->hevc_sps_field_cache.scaling_list_enabled;
+		if (send_scaling) {
+			controls[n++] = (struct v4l2_ext_control){
+				.id = V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_SCALING_MATRIX,
+				.ptr = &scaling_matrix,
+				.size = sizeof(scaling_matrix),
+			};
+		}
+	}
 	controls[n++] = (struct v4l2_ext_control){
 		.id = V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_DECODE_PARAMS,
 		.ptr = &decode_params,
 		.size = sizeof(decode_params),
 	};
 
+	/*
+	 * iter2 (ampere-kernel-decoders): VDPU381/383 rkvdec on Linux
+	 * 7.0+ requires the EXT_SPS_{ST,LT}_RPS controls populated with
+	 * parser-derived data. RK3399 rkvdec (linux 6.x or 7.x pre-
+	 * VDPU381 bindings) doesn't have these CIDs; probe at init time
+	 * (request.c::probe_hevc_ext_sps_rps_controls) gates this block.
+	 *
+	 * Per feedback_per_driver_kludge_gating, also gate explicitly on
+	 * driver-kind to keep the human-readable intent clear even though
+	 * the probe naturally returns false for RK3399.
+	 */
+	if (driver_data->has_hevc_ext_sps_rps_rkvdec) {
+		int err = h265_populate_ext_sps_rps_cache(driver_data,
+							  surface_object);
+		if (err == 0 && driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_valid) {
+			if (driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_st_count > 0) {
+				controls[n++] = (struct v4l2_ext_control){
+					.id   = V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_EXT_SPS_ST_RPS,
+					.ptr  = driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_st,
+					.size = sizeof(struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_ext_sps_st_rps) *
+						driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_st_count,
+				};
+			}
+			if (driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_lt_count > 0) {
+				controls[n++] = (struct v4l2_ext_control){
+					.id   = V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_EXT_SPS_LT_RPS,
+					.ptr  = driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_lt,
+					.size = sizeof(struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_ext_sps_lt_rps) *
+						driver_data->hevc_rps_cache_lt_count,
+				};
+			}
+		}
+		/* If err is -ENODATA AND cache not valid (first-ever
+		 * frame happens to lack an SPS NAL): we DON'T submit the
+		 * new controls. The kernel's early-return-on-NULL path in
+		 * rkvdec_hevc_prepare_hw_st_rps should fire and prevent
+		 * the OOPS — Phase 7 verifies this matches the prediction. */
+	}
+
 	rc = v4l2_set_controls(driver_data->video_fd,
 			       surface_object->request_fd,
 			       controls, n);

src/h265_parser/gst/base/base-prelude.h

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/* Stub for <gst/base/base-prelude.h> — GStreamer base-lib prelude.
+ * In upstream GStreamer, this sets up the GstBaseExport macro + GObject
+ * boilerplate. We bypass all of that and provide only what our four
+ * vendored .c files actually need (gst_compat.h's typedefs).
+ *
+ * Crucially we also #define GST_BASE_API to nothing so the function
+ * declarations in gstbitreader.h / gstbytereader.h drop the
+ * dllimport / visibility attribute prefix.
+ */
+#ifndef LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_FOURIER_BASE_PRELUDE_STUB
+#define LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_FOURIER_BASE_PRELUDE_STUB
+#include "gst_compat.h"
+#define GST_BASE_API
+#endif

src/h265_parser/gst/base/gstbitreader.c

@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+/* GStreamer
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 Sebastian Dröge <sebastian.droege@collabora.co.uk>.
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Library General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor,
+ * Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#include "config.h"
+#endif
+
+#define GST_BIT_READER_DISABLE_INLINES
+#include "gstbitreader.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+/**
+ * SECTION:gstbitreader
+ * @title: GstBitReader
+ * @short_description: Reads any number of bits from a memory buffer
+ * @symbols:
+ * - gst_bit_reader_skip_unchecked
+ * - gst_bit_reader_skip_to_byte_unchecked
+ * - gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint8_unchecked
+ * - gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint8_unchecked
+ * - gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint16_unchecked
+ * - gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint16_unchecked
+ * - gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint32_unchecked
+ * - gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint32_unchecked
+ * - gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint64_unchecked
+ * - gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint64_unchecked
+ *
+ * #GstBitReader provides a bit reader that can read any number of bits
+ * from a memory buffer. It provides functions for reading any number of bits
+ * into 8, 16, 32 and 64 bit variables.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * gst_bit_reader_new: (skip)
+ * @data: (array length=size): Data from which the #GstBitReader
+ *   should read
+ * @size: Size of @data in bytes
+ *
+ * Create a new #GstBitReader instance, which will read from @data.
+ *
+ * Free-function: gst_bit_reader_free
+ *
+ * Returns: (transfer full): a new #GstBitReader instance
+ */
+GstBitReader *
+gst_bit_reader_new (const guint8 * data, guint size)
+{
+  GstBitReader *ret = g_new0 (GstBitReader, 1);
+
+  ret->data = data;
+  ret->size = size;
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * gst_bit_reader_free:
+ * @reader: (in) (transfer full): a #GstBitReader instance
+ *
+ * Frees a #GstBitReader instance, which was previously allocated by
+ * gst_bit_reader_new().
+ */
+void
+gst_bit_reader_free (GstBitReader * reader)
+{
+  g_return_if_fail (reader != NULL);
+
+  g_free (reader);
+}
+
+/**
+ * gst_bit_reader_init:
+ * @reader: a #GstBitReader instance
+ * @data: (in) (array length=size): data from which the bit reader should read
+ * @size: Size of @data in bytes
+ *
+ * Initializes a #GstBitReader instance to read from @data. This function
+ * can be called on already initialized instances.
+ */
+void
+gst_bit_reader_init (GstBitReader * reader, const guint8 * data, guint size)
+{
+  g_return_if_fail (reader != NULL);
+
+  reader->data = data;
+  reader->size = size;
+  reader->byte = reader->bit = 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * gst_bit_reader_set_pos:
+ * @reader: a #GstBitReader instance
+ * @pos: The new position in bits
+ *
+ * Sets the new position of a #GstBitReader instance to @pos in bits.
+ *
+ * Returns: %TRUE if the position could be set successfully, %FALSE
+ * otherwise.
+ */
+gboolean
+gst_bit_reader_set_pos (GstBitReader * reader, guint pos)
+{
+  g_return_val_if_fail (reader != NULL, FALSE);
+
+  if (pos > reader->size * 8)
+    return FALSE;
+
+  reader->byte = pos / 8;
+  reader->bit = pos % 8;
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+/**
+ * gst_bit_reader_get_pos:
+ * @reader: a #GstBitReader instance
+ *
+ * Returns the current position of a #GstBitReader instance in bits.
+ *
+ * Returns: The current position of @reader in bits.
+ */
+guint
+gst_bit_reader_get_pos (const GstBitReader * reader)
+{
+  return _gst_bit_reader_get_pos_inline (reader);
+}
+
+/**
+ * gst_bit_reader_get_remaining:
+ * @reader: a #GstBitReader instance
+ *
+ * Returns the remaining number of bits of a #GstBitReader instance.
+ *
+ * Returns: The remaining number of bits of @reader instance.
+ */
+guint
+gst_bit_reader_get_remaining (const GstBitReader * reader)
+{
+  return _gst_bit_reader_get_remaining_inline (reader);
+}
+
+/**
+ * gst_bit_reader_get_size:
+ * @reader: a #GstBitReader instance
+ *
+ * Returns the total number of bits of a #GstBitReader instance.
+ *
+ * Returns: The total number of bits of @reader instance.
+ */
+guint
+gst_bit_reader_get_size (const GstBitReader * reader)
+{
+  return _gst_bit_reader_get_size_inline (reader);
+}
+
+/**
+ * gst_bit_reader_skip:
+ * @reader: a #GstBitReader instance
+ * @nbits: the number of bits to skip
+ *
+ * Skips @nbits bits of the #GstBitReader instance.
+ *
+ * Returns: %TRUE if @nbits bits could be skipped, %FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+gboolean
+gst_bit_reader_skip (GstBitReader * reader, guint nbits)
+{
+  return _gst_bit_reader_skip_inline (reader, nbits);
+}
+
+/**
+ * gst_bit_reader_skip_to_byte:
+ * @reader: a #GstBitReader instance
+ *
+ * Skips until the next byte.
+ *
+ * Returns: %TRUE if successful, %FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+gboolean
+gst_bit_reader_skip_to_byte (GstBitReader * reader)
+{
+  return _gst_bit_reader_skip_to_byte_inline (reader);
+}
+
+/**
+ * gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint8:
+ * @reader: a #GstBitReader instance
+ * @val: (out): Pointer to a #guint8 to store the result
+ * @nbits: number of bits to read
+ *
+ * Read @nbits bits into @val and update the current position.
+ *
+ * Returns: %TRUE if successful, %FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint16:
+ * @reader: a #GstBitReader instance
+ * @val: (out): Pointer to a #guint16 to store the result
+ * @nbits: number of bits to read
+ *
+ * Read @nbits bits into @val and update the current position.
+ *
+ * Returns: %TRUE if successful, %FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint32:
+ * @reader: a #GstBitReader instance
+ * @val: (out): Pointer to a #guint32 to store the result
+ * @nbits: number of bits to read
+ *
+ * Read @nbits bits into @val and update the current position.
+ *
+ * Returns: %TRUE if successful, %FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint64:
+ * @reader: a #GstBitReader instance
+ * @val: (out): Pointer to a #guint64 to store the result
+ * @nbits: number of bits to read
+ *
+ * Read @nbits bits into @val and update the current position.
+ *
+ * Returns: %TRUE if successful, %FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint8:
+ * @reader: a #GstBitReader instance
+ * @val: (out): Pointer to a #guint8 to store the result
+ * @nbits: number of bits to read
+ *
+ * Read @nbits bits into @val but keep the current position.
+ *
+ * Returns: %TRUE if successful, %FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint16:
+ * @reader: a #GstBitReader instance
+ * @val: (out): Pointer to a #guint16 to store the result
+ * @nbits: number of bits to read
+ *
+ * Read @nbits bits into @val but keep the current position.
+ *
+ * Returns: %TRUE if successful, %FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint32:
+ * @reader: a #GstBitReader instance
+ * @val: (out): Pointer to a #guint32 to store the result
+ * @nbits: number of bits to read
+ *
+ * Read @nbits bits into @val but keep the current position.
+ *
+ * Returns: %TRUE if successful, %FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint64:
+ * @reader: a #GstBitReader instance
+ * @val: (out): Pointer to a #guint64 to store the result
+ * @nbits: number of bits to read
+ *
+ * Read @nbits bits into @val but keep the current position.
+ *
+ * Returns: %TRUE if successful, %FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+
+#define GST_BIT_READER_READ_BITS(bits) \
+gboolean \
+gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint##bits (const GstBitReader *reader, guint##bits *val, guint nbits) \
+{ \
+  return _gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint##bits##_inline (reader, val, nbits); \
+} \
+\
+gboolean \
+gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint##bits (GstBitReader *reader, guint##bits *val, guint nbits) \
+{ \
+  return _gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint##bits##_inline (reader, val, nbits); \
+}
+
+GST_BIT_READER_READ_BITS (8);
+GST_BIT_READER_READ_BITS (16);
+GST_BIT_READER_READ_BITS (32);
+GST_BIT_READER_READ_BITS (64);

src/h265_parser/gst/base/gstbitreader.h

@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+/* GStreamer
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 Sebastian Dröge <sebastian.droege@collabora.co.uk>.
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Library General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor,
+ * Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+
+#ifndef __GST_BIT_READER_H__
+#define __GST_BIT_READER_H__
+
+#include <gst/gst.h>
+#include <gst/base/base-prelude.h>
+
+/* FIXME: inline functions */
+
+G_BEGIN_DECLS
+
+#define GST_BIT_READER(reader) ((GstBitReader *) (reader))
+
+/**
+ * GstBitReader:
+ * @data: (array length=size): Data from which the bit reader will
+ *   read
+ * @size: Size of @data in bytes
+ * @byte: Current byte position
+ * @bit: Bit position in the current byte
+ *
+ * A bit reader instance.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+  const guint8 *data;
+  guint size;
+
+  guint byte;  /* Byte position */
+  guint bit;   /* Bit position in the current byte */
+
+  /* < private > */
+  gpointer _gst_reserved[GST_PADDING];
+} GstBitReader;
+
+GST_BASE_API
+GstBitReader *  gst_bit_reader_new              (const guint8 *data, guint size) G_GNUC_MALLOC;
+
+GST_BASE_API
+void            gst_bit_reader_free             (GstBitReader *reader);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+void            gst_bit_reader_init             (GstBitReader *reader, const guint8 *data, guint size);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_bit_reader_set_pos          (GstBitReader *reader, guint pos);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+guint           gst_bit_reader_get_pos          (const GstBitReader *reader);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+guint           gst_bit_reader_get_remaining    (const GstBitReader *reader);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+guint           gst_bit_reader_get_size         (const GstBitReader *reader);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_bit_reader_skip             (GstBitReader *reader, guint nbits);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_bit_reader_skip_to_byte     (GstBitReader *reader);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint8   (GstBitReader *reader, guint8 *val, guint nbits);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint16  (GstBitReader *reader, guint16 *val, guint nbits);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint32  (GstBitReader *reader, guint32 *val, guint nbits);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint64  (GstBitReader *reader, guint64 *val, guint nbits);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint8  (const GstBitReader *reader, guint8 *val, guint nbits);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint16 (const GstBitReader *reader, guint16 *val, guint nbits);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint32 (const GstBitReader *reader, guint32 *val, guint nbits);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint64 (const GstBitReader *reader, guint64 *val, guint nbits);
+
+/**
+ * GST_BIT_READER_INIT:
+ * @data: Data from which the #GstBitReader should read
+ * @size: Size of @data in bytes
+ *
+ * A #GstBitReader must be initialized with this macro, before it can be
+ * used. This macro can used be to initialize a variable, but it cannot
+ * be assigned to a variable. In that case you have to use
+ * gst_bit_reader_init().
+ */
+#define GST_BIT_READER_INIT(data, size) {data, size, 0, 0}
+
+/* Unchecked variants */
+
+static inline void
+gst_bit_reader_skip_unchecked (GstBitReader * reader, guint nbits)
+{
+  reader->bit += nbits;
+  reader->byte += reader->bit / 8;
+  reader->bit = reader->bit % 8;
+}
+
+static inline void
+gst_bit_reader_skip_to_byte_unchecked (GstBitReader * reader)
+{
+  if (reader->bit) {
+    reader->bit = 0;
+    reader->byte++;
+  }
+}
+
+#define __GST_BIT_READER_READ_BITS_UNCHECKED(bits) \
+static inline guint##bits \
+gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint##bits##_unchecked (const GstBitReader *reader, guint nbits) \
+{ \
+  guint##bits ret = 0; \
+  const guint8 *data; \
+  guint byte, bit; \
+  \
+  data = reader->data; \
+  byte = reader->byte; \
+  bit = reader->bit; \
+  \
+  while (nbits > 0) { \
+    guint toread = MIN (nbits, 8 - bit); \
+    \
+    ret <<= toread; \
+    ret |= (data[byte] & (0xff >> bit)) >> (8 - toread - bit); \
+    \
+    bit += toread; \
+    if (bit >= 8) { \
+      byte++; \
+      bit = 0; \
+    } \
+    nbits -= toread; \
+  } \
+  \
+  return ret; \
+} \
+\
+static inline guint##bits \
+gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint##bits##_unchecked (GstBitReader *reader, guint nbits) \
+{ \
+  guint##bits ret; \
+  \
+  ret = gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint##bits##_unchecked (reader, nbits); \
+  \
+  gst_bit_reader_skip_unchecked (reader, nbits); \
+  \
+  return ret; \
+}
+
+__GST_BIT_READER_READ_BITS_UNCHECKED (8)
+__GST_BIT_READER_READ_BITS_UNCHECKED (16)
+__GST_BIT_READER_READ_BITS_UNCHECKED (32)
+__GST_BIT_READER_READ_BITS_UNCHECKED (64)
+
+#undef __GST_BIT_READER_READ_BITS_UNCHECKED
+
+/* unchecked variants -- do not use */
+
+static inline guint
+_gst_bit_reader_get_size_unchecked (const GstBitReader * reader)
+{
+  return reader->size * 8;
+}
+
+static inline guint
+_gst_bit_reader_get_pos_unchecked (const GstBitReader * reader)
+{
+  return reader->byte * 8 + reader->bit;
+}
+
+static inline guint
+_gst_bit_reader_get_remaining_unchecked (const GstBitReader * reader)
+{
+  return reader->size * 8 - (reader->byte * 8 + reader->bit);
+}
+
+/* inlined variants -- do not use directly */
+static inline guint
+_gst_bit_reader_get_size_inline (const GstBitReader * reader)
+{
+  g_return_val_if_fail (reader != NULL, 0);
+
+  return _gst_bit_reader_get_size_unchecked (reader);
+}
+
+static inline guint
+_gst_bit_reader_get_pos_inline (const GstBitReader * reader)
+{
+  g_return_val_if_fail (reader != NULL, 0);
+
+  return _gst_bit_reader_get_pos_unchecked (reader);
+}
+
+static inline guint
+_gst_bit_reader_get_remaining_inline (const GstBitReader * reader)
+{
+  g_return_val_if_fail (reader != NULL, 0);
+
+  return _gst_bit_reader_get_remaining_unchecked (reader);
+}
+
+static inline gboolean
+_gst_bit_reader_skip_inline (GstBitReader * reader, guint nbits)
+{
+  g_return_val_if_fail (reader != NULL, FALSE);
+
+  if (_gst_bit_reader_get_remaining_unchecked (reader) < nbits)
+    return FALSE;
+
+  gst_bit_reader_skip_unchecked (reader, nbits);
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+static inline gboolean
+_gst_bit_reader_skip_to_byte_inline (GstBitReader * reader)
+{
+  g_return_val_if_fail (reader != NULL, FALSE);
+
+  if (reader->byte > reader->size)
+    return FALSE;
+
+  gst_bit_reader_skip_to_byte_unchecked (reader);
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+#define __GST_BIT_READER_READ_BITS_INLINE(bits) \
+static inline gboolean \
+_gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint##bits##_inline (GstBitReader *reader, guint##bits *val, guint nbits) \
+{ \
+  g_return_val_if_fail (reader != NULL, FALSE); \
+  g_return_val_if_fail (val != NULL, FALSE); \
+  g_return_val_if_fail (nbits <= bits, FALSE); \
+  \
+  if (_gst_bit_reader_get_remaining_unchecked (reader) < nbits) \
+    return FALSE; \
+\
+  *val = gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint##bits##_unchecked (reader, nbits); \
+  return TRUE; \
+} \
+\
+static inline gboolean \
+_gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint##bits##_inline (const GstBitReader *reader, guint##bits *val, guint nbits) \
+{ \
+  g_return_val_if_fail (reader != NULL, FALSE); \
+  g_return_val_if_fail (val != NULL, FALSE); \
+  g_return_val_if_fail (nbits <= bits, FALSE); \
+  \
+  if (_gst_bit_reader_get_remaining_unchecked (reader) < nbits) \
+    return FALSE; \
+\
+  *val = gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint##bits##_unchecked (reader, nbits); \
+  return TRUE; \
+}
+
+__GST_BIT_READER_READ_BITS_INLINE (8)
+__GST_BIT_READER_READ_BITS_INLINE (16)
+__GST_BIT_READER_READ_BITS_INLINE (32)
+__GST_BIT_READER_READ_BITS_INLINE (64)
+
+#undef __GST_BIT_READER_READ_BITS_INLINE
+
+#ifndef GST_BIT_READER_DISABLE_INLINES
+
+#define gst_bit_reader_get_size(reader) \
+    _gst_bit_reader_get_size_inline (reader)
+#define gst_bit_reader_get_pos(reader) \
+    _gst_bit_reader_get_pos_inline (reader)
+#define gst_bit_reader_get_remaining(reader) \
+    _gst_bit_reader_get_remaining_inline (reader)
+
+/* we use defines here so we can add the G_LIKELY() */
+
+#define gst_bit_reader_skip(reader, nbits)\
+    G_LIKELY (_gst_bit_reader_skip_inline(reader, nbits))
+#define gst_bit_reader_skip_to_byte(reader)\
+    G_LIKELY (_gst_bit_reader_skip_to_byte_inline(reader))
+
+#define gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint8(reader, val, nbits) \
+    G_LIKELY (_gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint8_inline (reader, val, nbits))
+#define gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint16(reader, val, nbits) \
+    G_LIKELY (_gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint16_inline (reader, val, nbits))
+#define gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint32(reader, val, nbits) \
+    G_LIKELY (_gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint32_inline (reader, val, nbits))
+#define gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint64(reader, val, nbits) \
+    G_LIKELY (_gst_bit_reader_get_bits_uint64_inline (reader, val, nbits))
+
+#define gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint8(reader, val, nbits) \
+    G_LIKELY (_gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint8_inline (reader, val, nbits))
+#define gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint16(reader, val, nbits) \
+    G_LIKELY (_gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint16_inline (reader, val, nbits))
+#define gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint32(reader, val, nbits) \
+    G_LIKELY (_gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint32_inline (reader, val, nbits))
+#define gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint64(reader, val, nbits) \
+    G_LIKELY (_gst_bit_reader_peek_bits_uint64_inline (reader, val, nbits))
+#endif
+
+G_END_DECLS
+
+#endif /* __GST_BIT_READER_H__ */

src/h265_parser/gst/base/gstbitwriter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/* Stub for <gst/base/gstbitwriter.h>.
+ *
+ * The vendored nalutils.c uses GstBitWriter for NAL emulation-prevention
+ * byte INSERTION during write-side (encoder) operations. The libva
+ * backend never invokes those paths — we only PARSE NAL units, never
+ * write them. The functions must still compile + link though, so we
+ * stub them with abort() runtime guards: if any future code path
+ * accidentally invokes a writer function, we fail-fast instead of
+ * silently corrupting.
+ *
+ * Header surface mirrors upstream gstbitwriter.h minimally — enough
+ * for nalutils.c to compile.
+ */
+#ifndef LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_FOURIER_GSTBITWRITER_STUB
+#define LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_FOURIER_GSTBITWRITER_STUB
+
+#include "gst_compat.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+    guint8 *data;
+    guint  bit_size;
+    guint  bit_capacity;
+    gboolean auto_grow;
+    gboolean owned;
+} GstBitWriter;
+
+static inline void
+gst_bit_writer_init(GstBitWriter *bw) { (void)bw; abort(); }
+static inline void
+gst_bit_writer_init_with_size(GstBitWriter *bw, guint size, gboolean fixed) {
+    (void)bw; (void)size; (void)fixed; abort();
+}
+static inline void
+gst_bit_writer_reset(GstBitWriter *bw) { (void)bw; abort(); }
+static inline gboolean
+gst_bit_writer_put_bits_uint8(GstBitWriter *bw, guint8 value, guint nbits) {
+    (void)bw; (void)value; (void)nbits; abort();
+}
+static inline gboolean
+gst_bit_writer_align_bytes(GstBitWriter *bw, guint8 trailing_bit) {
+    (void)bw; (void)trailing_bit; abort();
+}
+static inline guint8 *
+gst_bit_writer_get_data(GstBitWriter *bw) { (void)bw; abort(); }
+static inline guint
+gst_bit_writer_get_size(const GstBitWriter *bw) { (void)bw; abort(); }
+static inline guint
+gst_bit_writer_reset_and_get_size(GstBitWriter *bw) { (void)bw; abort(); }
+static inline guint8 *
+gst_bit_writer_reset_and_get_data(GstBitWriter *bw) { (void)bw; abort(); }
+static inline gboolean
+gst_bit_writer_put_bits_uint16(GstBitWriter *bw, guint16 value, guint nbits) {
+    (void)bw; (void)value; (void)nbits; abort();
+}
+static inline gboolean
+gst_bit_writer_put_bits_uint32(GstBitWriter *bw, guint32 value, guint nbits) {
+    (void)bw; (void)value; (void)nbits; abort();
+}
+static inline gboolean
+gst_bit_writer_put_bytes(GstBitWriter *bw, const guint8 *data, guint nbytes) {
+    (void)bw; (void)data; (void)nbytes; abort();
+}
+
+#define GST_BIT_WRITER_BIT_SIZE(bw)  ((bw)->bit_size)
+#define GST_BIT_WRITER_DATA(bw)      ((bw)->data)
+
+#endif

src/h265_parser/gst/base/gstbytereader.h

@@ -0,0 +1,684 @@
+/* GStreamer byte reader
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 Sebastian Dröge <sebastian.droege@collabora.co.uk>.
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 Tim-Philipp Müller <tim centricular net>
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Library General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor,
+ * Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+
+#ifndef __GST_BYTE_READER_H__
+#define __GST_BYTE_READER_H__
+
+#include <gst/gst.h>
+#include <gst/base/base-prelude.h>
+
+G_BEGIN_DECLS
+
+#define GST_BYTE_READER(reader) ((GstByteReader *) (reader))
+
+/**
+ * GstByteReader:
+ * @data: (array length=size): Data from which the bit reader will
+ *   read
+ * @size: Size of @data in bytes
+ * @byte: Current byte position
+ *
+ * A byte reader instance.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+  const guint8 *data;
+  guint size;
+
+  guint byte;  /* Byte position */
+
+  /* < private > */
+  gpointer _gst_reserved[GST_PADDING];
+} GstByteReader;
+
+GST_BASE_API
+GstByteReader * gst_byte_reader_new             (const guint8 *data, guint size) G_GNUC_MALLOC;
+
+GST_BASE_API
+void            gst_byte_reader_free            (GstByteReader *reader);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+void            gst_byte_reader_init            (GstByteReader *reader, const guint8 *data, guint size);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_sub_reader (GstByteReader * reader,
+                                                 GstByteReader * sub_reader,
+                                                 guint           size);
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_sub_reader  (GstByteReader * reader,
+                                                 GstByteReader * sub_reader,
+                                                 guint           size);
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_set_pos         (GstByteReader *reader, guint pos);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+guint           gst_byte_reader_get_pos         (const GstByteReader *reader);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+guint           gst_byte_reader_get_remaining   (const GstByteReader *reader);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+guint           gst_byte_reader_get_size        (const GstByteReader *reader);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_skip            (GstByteReader *reader, guint nbytes);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_uint8       (GstByteReader *reader, guint8 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_int8        (GstByteReader *reader, gint8 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_uint16_le   (GstByteReader *reader, guint16 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_int16_le    (GstByteReader *reader, gint16 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_uint16_be   (GstByteReader *reader, guint16 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_int16_be    (GstByteReader *reader, gint16 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_uint24_le   (GstByteReader *reader, guint32 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_int24_le    (GstByteReader *reader, gint32 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_uint24_be   (GstByteReader *reader, guint32 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_int24_be    (GstByteReader *reader, gint32 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_uint32_le   (GstByteReader *reader, guint32 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_int32_le    (GstByteReader *reader, gint32 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_uint32_be   (GstByteReader *reader, guint32 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_int32_be    (GstByteReader *reader, gint32 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_uint64_le   (GstByteReader *reader, guint64 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_int64_le    (GstByteReader *reader, gint64 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_uint64_be   (GstByteReader *reader, guint64 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_int64_be    (GstByteReader *reader, gint64 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_uint8      (const GstByteReader *reader, guint8 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_int8       (const GstByteReader *reader, gint8 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_uint16_le  (const GstByteReader *reader, guint16 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_int16_le   (const GstByteReader *reader, gint16 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_uint16_be  (const GstByteReader *reader, guint16 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_int16_be   (const GstByteReader *reader, gint16 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_uint24_le  (const GstByteReader *reader, guint32 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_int24_le   (const GstByteReader *reader, gint32 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_uint24_be  (const GstByteReader *reader, guint32 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_int24_be   (const GstByteReader *reader, gint32 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_uint32_le  (const GstByteReader *reader, guint32 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_int32_le   (const GstByteReader *reader, gint32 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_uint32_be  (const GstByteReader *reader, guint32 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_int32_be   (const GstByteReader *reader, gint32 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_uint64_le  (const GstByteReader *reader, guint64 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_int64_le   (const GstByteReader *reader, gint64 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_uint64_be  (const GstByteReader *reader, guint64 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_int64_be   (const GstByteReader *reader, gint64 *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_float32_le  (GstByteReader *reader, gfloat *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_float32_be  (GstByteReader *reader, gfloat *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_float64_le  (GstByteReader *reader, gdouble *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_float64_be  (GstByteReader *reader, gdouble *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_float32_le (const GstByteReader *reader, gfloat *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_float32_be (const GstByteReader *reader, gfloat *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_float64_le (const GstByteReader *reader, gdouble *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_float64_be (const GstByteReader *reader, gdouble *val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_dup_data        (GstByteReader * reader, guint size, guint8       ** val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_data        (GstByteReader * reader, guint size, const guint8 ** val);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_data       (const GstByteReader * reader, guint size, const guint8 ** val);
+
+#define gst_byte_reader_dup_string(reader,str) \
+    gst_byte_reader_dup_string_utf8(reader,str)
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_dup_string_utf8  (GstByteReader * reader, gchar   ** str);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_dup_string_utf16 (GstByteReader * reader, guint16 ** str);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_dup_string_utf32 (GstByteReader * reader, guint32 ** str);
+
+#define gst_byte_reader_skip_string(reader) \
+    gst_byte_reader_skip_string_utf8(reader)
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_skip_string_utf8  (GstByteReader * reader);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_skip_string_utf16 (GstByteReader * reader);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_skip_string_utf32 (GstByteReader * reader);
+
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_string(reader,str) \
+    gst_byte_reader_get_string_utf8(reader,str)
+
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_string(reader,str) \
+    gst_byte_reader_peek_string_utf8(reader,str)
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_get_string_utf8    (GstByteReader * reader, const gchar ** str);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+gboolean        gst_byte_reader_peek_string_utf8   (const GstByteReader * reader, const gchar ** str);
+
+GST_BASE_API
+guint           gst_byte_reader_masked_scan_uint32 (const GstByteReader * reader,
+                                                    guint32               mask,
+                                                    guint32               pattern,
+                                                    guint                 offset,
+                                                    guint                 size);
+GST_BASE_API
+guint           gst_byte_reader_masked_scan_uint32_peek (const GstByteReader * reader,
+                                                         guint32 mask,
+                                                         guint32 pattern,
+                                                         guint offset,
+                                                         guint size,
+                                                         guint32 * value);
+
+/**
+ * GST_BYTE_READER_INIT:
+ * @data: Data from which the #GstByteReader should read
+ * @size: Size of @data in bytes
+ *
+ * A #GstByteReader must be initialized with this macro, before it can be
+ * used. This macro can used be to initialize a variable, but it cannot
+ * be assigned to a variable. In that case you have to use
+ * gst_byte_reader_init().
+ */
+#define GST_BYTE_READER_INIT(data, size) {data, size, 0}
+
+/* unchecked variants */
+static inline void
+gst_byte_reader_skip_unchecked (GstByteReader * reader, guint nbytes)
+{
+  reader->byte += nbytes;
+}
+
+#define __GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(bits,type,lower,upper,adj) \
+\
+static inline type \
+gst_byte_reader_peek_##lower##_unchecked (const GstByteReader * reader) \
+{ \
+  type val = (type) GST_READ_##upper (reader->data + reader->byte); \
+  adj \
+  return val; \
+} \
+\
+static inline type \
+gst_byte_reader_get_##lower##_unchecked (GstByteReader * reader) \
+{ \
+  type val = gst_byte_reader_peek_##lower##_unchecked (reader); \
+  reader->byte += bits / 8; \
+  return val; \
+}
+
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(8,guint8,uint8,UINT8,/* */)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(8,gint8,int8,UINT8,/* */)
+
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(16,guint16,uint16_le,UINT16_LE,/* */)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(16,guint16,uint16_be,UINT16_BE,/* */)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(16,gint16,int16_le,UINT16_LE,/* */)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(16,gint16,int16_be,UINT16_BE,/* */)
+
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(32,guint32,uint32_le,UINT32_LE,/* */)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(32,guint32,uint32_be,UINT32_BE,/* */)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(32,gint32,int32_le,UINT32_LE,/* */)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(32,gint32,int32_be,UINT32_BE,/* */)
+
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(24,guint32,uint24_le,UINT24_LE,/* */)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(24,guint32,uint24_be,UINT24_BE,/* */)
+
+/* fix up the sign for 24-bit signed ints stored in 32-bit signed ints */
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(24,gint32,int24_le,UINT24_LE,
+    if (val & 0x00800000) val |= 0xff000000;)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(24,gint32,int24_be,UINT24_BE,
+    if (val & 0x00800000) val |= 0xff000000;)
+
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(64,guint64,uint64_le,UINT64_LE,/* */)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(64,guint64,uint64_be,UINT64_BE,/* */)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(64,gint64,int64_le,UINT64_LE,/* */)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(64,gint64,int64_be,UINT64_BE,/* */)
+
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(32,gfloat,float32_le,FLOAT_LE,/* */)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(32,gfloat,float32_be,FLOAT_BE,/* */)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(64,gdouble,float64_le,DOUBLE_LE,/* */)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED(64,gdouble,float64_be,DOUBLE_BE,/* */)
+
+#undef __GET_PEEK_BITS_UNCHECKED
+
+static inline const guint8 *
+gst_byte_reader_peek_data_unchecked (const GstByteReader * reader)
+{
+  return (const guint8 *) (reader->data + reader->byte);
+}
+
+static inline const guint8 *
+gst_byte_reader_get_data_unchecked (GstByteReader * reader, guint size)
+{
+  const guint8 *data;
+
+  data = gst_byte_reader_peek_data_unchecked (reader);
+  gst_byte_reader_skip_unchecked (reader, size);
+  return data;
+}
+
+static inline guint8 *
+gst_byte_reader_dup_data_unchecked (GstByteReader * reader, guint size)
+{
+  gconstpointer data = gst_byte_reader_get_data_unchecked (reader, size);
+  guint8 *dup_data = (guint8 *) g_malloc (size);
+
+  memcpy (dup_data, data, size);
+  return dup_data;
+}
+
+/* Unchecked variants that should not be used */
+static inline guint
+_gst_byte_reader_get_pos_unchecked (const GstByteReader * reader)
+{
+  return reader->byte;
+}
+
+static inline guint
+_gst_byte_reader_get_remaining_unchecked (const GstByteReader * reader)
+{
+  return reader->size - reader->byte;
+}
+
+static inline guint
+_gst_byte_reader_get_size_unchecked (const GstByteReader * reader)
+{
+  return reader->size;
+}
+
+/* inlined variants (do not use directly) */
+
+static inline guint
+_gst_byte_reader_get_remaining_inline (const GstByteReader * reader)
+{
+  g_return_val_if_fail (reader != NULL, 0);
+
+  return _gst_byte_reader_get_remaining_unchecked (reader);
+}
+
+static inline guint
+_gst_byte_reader_get_size_inline (const GstByteReader * reader)
+{
+  g_return_val_if_fail (reader != NULL, 0);
+
+  return _gst_byte_reader_get_size_unchecked (reader);
+}
+
+#define __GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(bits,type,name) \
+\
+static inline gboolean \
+_gst_byte_reader_peek_##name##_inline (const GstByteReader * reader, type * val) \
+{ \
+  g_return_val_if_fail (reader != NULL, FALSE); \
+  g_return_val_if_fail (val != NULL, FALSE); \
+  \
+  if (_gst_byte_reader_get_remaining_unchecked (reader) < (bits / 8)) \
+    return FALSE; \
+\
+  *val = gst_byte_reader_peek_##name##_unchecked (reader); \
+  return TRUE; \
+} \
+\
+static inline gboolean \
+_gst_byte_reader_get_##name##_inline (GstByteReader * reader, type * val) \
+{ \
+  g_return_val_if_fail (reader != NULL, FALSE); \
+  g_return_val_if_fail (val != NULL, FALSE); \
+  \
+  if (_gst_byte_reader_get_remaining_unchecked (reader) < (bits / 8)) \
+    return FALSE; \
+\
+  *val = gst_byte_reader_get_##name##_unchecked (reader); \
+  return TRUE; \
+}
+
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(8,guint8,uint8)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(8,gint8,int8)
+
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(16,guint16,uint16_le)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(16,guint16,uint16_be)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(16,gint16,int16_le)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(16,gint16,int16_be)
+
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(32,guint32,uint32_le)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(32,guint32,uint32_be)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(32,gint32,int32_le)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(32,gint32,int32_be)
+
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(24,guint32,uint24_le)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(24,guint32,uint24_be)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(24,gint32,int24_le)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(24,gint32,int24_be)
+
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(64,guint64,uint64_le)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(64,guint64,uint64_be)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(64,gint64,int64_le)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(64,gint64,int64_be)
+
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(32,gfloat,float32_le)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(32,gfloat,float32_be)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(64,gdouble,float64_le)
+__GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE(64,gdouble,float64_be)
+
+#undef __GST_BYTE_READER_GET_PEEK_BITS_INLINE
+
+#ifndef GST_BYTE_READER_DISABLE_INLINES
+
+#define gst_byte_reader_init(reader,data,size) \
+    _gst_byte_reader_init_inline(reader,data,size)
+
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_remaining(reader) \
+    _gst_byte_reader_get_remaining_inline(reader)
+
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_size(reader) \
+    _gst_byte_reader_get_size_inline(reader)
+
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_pos(reader) \
+    _gst_byte_reader_get_pos_inline(reader)
+
+/* we use defines here so we can add the G_LIKELY() */
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_uint8(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_uint8_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_int8(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_int8_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_uint16_le(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_uint16_le_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_int16_le(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_int16_le_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_uint16_be(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_uint16_be_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_int16_be(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_int16_be_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_uint24_le(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_uint24_le_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_int24_le(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_int24_le_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_uint24_be(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_uint24_be_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_int24_be(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_int24_be_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_uint32_le(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_uint32_le_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_int32_le(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_int32_le_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_uint32_be(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_uint32_be_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_int32_be(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_int32_be_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_uint64_le(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_uint64_le_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_int64_le(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_int64_le_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_uint64_be(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_uint64_be_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_int64_be(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_int64_be_inline(reader,val))
+
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_uint8(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_uint8_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_int8(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_int8_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_uint16_le(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_uint16_le_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_int16_le(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_int16_le_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_uint16_be(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_uint16_be_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_int16_be(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_int16_be_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_uint24_le(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_uint24_le_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_int24_le(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_int24_le_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_uint24_be(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_uint24_be_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_int24_be(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_int24_be_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_uint32_le(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_uint32_le_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_int32_le(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_int32_le_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_uint32_be(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_uint32_be_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_int32_be(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_int32_be_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_uint64_le(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_uint64_le_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_int64_le(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_int64_le_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_uint64_be(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_uint64_be_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_int64_be(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_int64_be_inline(reader,val))
+
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_float32_le(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_float32_le_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_float32_be(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_float32_be_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_float64_le(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_float64_le_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_float64_be(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_float64_be_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_float32_le(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_float32_le_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_float32_be(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_float32_be_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_float64_le(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_float64_le_inline(reader,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_float64_be(reader,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_float64_be_inline(reader,val))
+
+#endif /* GST_BYTE_READER_DISABLE_INLINES */
+
+static inline void
+_gst_byte_reader_init_inline (GstByteReader * reader, const guint8 * data, guint size)
+{
+  g_return_if_fail (reader != NULL);
+
+  reader->data = data;
+  reader->size = size;
+  reader->byte = 0;
+}
+
+static inline gboolean
+_gst_byte_reader_peek_sub_reader_inline (GstByteReader * reader,
+    GstByteReader * sub_reader, guint size)
+{
+  g_return_val_if_fail (reader != NULL, FALSE);
+  g_return_val_if_fail (sub_reader != NULL, FALSE);
+
+  if (_gst_byte_reader_get_remaining_unchecked (reader) < size)
+    return FALSE;
+
+  sub_reader->data = reader->data + reader->byte;
+  sub_reader->byte = 0;
+  sub_reader->size = size;
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+static inline gboolean
+_gst_byte_reader_get_sub_reader_inline (GstByteReader * reader,
+    GstByteReader * sub_reader, guint size)
+{
+  if (!_gst_byte_reader_peek_sub_reader_inline (reader, sub_reader, size))
+    return FALSE;
+  gst_byte_reader_skip_unchecked (reader, size);
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+static inline gboolean
+_gst_byte_reader_dup_data_inline (GstByteReader * reader, guint size, guint8 ** val)
+{
+  g_return_val_if_fail (reader != NULL, FALSE);
+  g_return_val_if_fail (val != NULL, FALSE);
+
+  if (G_UNLIKELY (size > reader->size || _gst_byte_reader_get_remaining_unchecked (reader) < size))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  *val = gst_byte_reader_dup_data_unchecked (reader, size);
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+static inline gboolean
+_gst_byte_reader_get_data_inline (GstByteReader * reader, guint size, const guint8 ** val)
+{
+  g_return_val_if_fail (reader != NULL, FALSE);
+  g_return_val_if_fail (val != NULL, FALSE);
+
+  if (G_UNLIKELY (size > reader->size || _gst_byte_reader_get_remaining_unchecked (reader) < size))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  *val = gst_byte_reader_get_data_unchecked (reader, size);
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+static inline gboolean
+_gst_byte_reader_peek_data_inline (const GstByteReader * reader, guint size, const guint8 ** val)
+{
+  g_return_val_if_fail (reader != NULL, FALSE);
+  g_return_val_if_fail (val != NULL, FALSE);
+
+  if (G_UNLIKELY (size > reader->size || _gst_byte_reader_get_remaining_unchecked (reader) < size))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  *val = gst_byte_reader_peek_data_unchecked (reader);
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+static inline guint
+_gst_byte_reader_get_pos_inline (const GstByteReader * reader)
+{
+  g_return_val_if_fail (reader != NULL, 0);
+
+  return _gst_byte_reader_get_pos_unchecked (reader);
+}
+
+static inline gboolean
+_gst_byte_reader_skip_inline (GstByteReader * reader, guint nbytes)
+{
+  g_return_val_if_fail (reader != NULL, FALSE);
+
+  if (G_UNLIKELY (_gst_byte_reader_get_remaining_unchecked (reader) < nbytes))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  reader->byte += nbytes;
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+#ifndef GST_BYTE_READER_DISABLE_INLINES
+
+#define gst_byte_reader_dup_data(reader,size,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_dup_data_inline(reader,size,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_get_data(reader,size,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_get_data_inline(reader,size,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_peek_data(reader,size,val) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_peek_data_inline(reader,size,val))
+#define gst_byte_reader_skip(reader,nbytes) \
+    G_LIKELY(_gst_byte_reader_skip_inline(reader,nbytes))
+
+#endif /* GST_BYTE_READER_DISABLE_INLINES */
+
+G_END_DECLS
+
+#endif /* __GST_BYTE_READER_H__ */

src/h265_parser/gst/codecparsers/codecparsers-prelude.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/* Stub for <gst/codecparsers/codecparsers-prelude.h>.
+ * Same shape as base-prelude.h — drop the GObject boilerplate + define
+ * the GstCodecParsersAPI macro to nothing.
+ */
+#ifndef LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_FOURIER_CODECPARSERS_PRELUDE_STUB
+#define LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_FOURIER_CODECPARSERS_PRELUDE_STUB
+#include "gst_compat.h"
+#define GST_CODEC_PARSERS_API
+#endif

src/h265_parser/gst/codecparsers/nalutils.c

@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+/* Gstreamer
+ * Copyright (C) <2011> Intel Corporation
+ * Copyright (C) <2011> Collabora Ltd.
+ * Copyright (C) <2011> Thibault Saunier <thibault.saunier@collabora.com>
+ *
+ * Some bits C-c,C-v'ed and s/4/3 from h264parse and videoparsers/h264parse.c:
+ *    Copyright (C) <2010> Mark Nauwelaerts <mark.nauwelaerts@collabora.co.uk>
+ *    Copyright (C) <2010> Collabora Multimedia
+ *    Copyright (C) <2010> Nokia Corporation
+ *
+ *    (C) 2005 Michal Benes <michal.benes@itonis.tv>
+ *    (C) 2008 Wim Taymans <wim.taymans@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Library General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor,
+ * Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Common code for NAL parsing from h264 and h265 parsers.
+ */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include "config.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "nalutils.h"
+
+/****** Nal parser ******/
+
+void
+nal_reader_init (NalReader * nr, const guint8 * data, guint size)
+{
+  nr->data = data;
+  nr->size = size;
+  nr->n_epb = 0;
+
+  nr->byte = 0;
+  nr->bits_in_cache = 0;
+  /* fill with something other than 0 to detect emulation prevention bytes */
+  nr->first_byte = 0xff;
+  nr->epb_cache = 0xff;
+  nr->cache = 0xff;
+}
+
+gboolean
+nal_reader_read (NalReader * nr, guint nbits)
+{
+  if (G_UNLIKELY (nr->byte * 8 + (nbits - nr->bits_in_cache) > nr->size * 8)) {
+    GST_DEBUG ("Can not read %u bits, bits in cache %u, Byte * 8 %u, size in "
+        "bits %u", nbits, nr->bits_in_cache, nr->byte * 8, nr->size * 8);
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  while (nr->bits_in_cache < nbits) {
+    guint8 byte;
+
+  next_byte:
+    if (G_UNLIKELY (nr->byte >= nr->size))
+      return FALSE;
+
+    byte = nr->data[nr->byte++];
+    nr->epb_cache = (nr->epb_cache << 8) | byte;
+
+    /* check if the byte is a emulation_prevention_three_byte */
+    if ((nr->epb_cache & 0xffffff) == 0x3) {
+      nr->n_epb++;
+      goto next_byte;
+    }
+    nr->cache = (nr->cache << 8) | nr->first_byte;
+    nr->first_byte = byte;
+    nr->bits_in_cache += 8;
+  }
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+/* Skips the specified amount of bits. This is only suitable to a
+   cacheable number of bits */
+gboolean
+nal_reader_skip (NalReader * nr, guint nbits)
+{
+  g_assert (nbits <= 8 * sizeof (nr->cache));
+
+  if (G_UNLIKELY (!nal_reader_read (nr, nbits)))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  nr->bits_in_cache -= nbits;
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+/* Generic version to skip any number of bits */
+gboolean
+nal_reader_skip_long (NalReader * nr, guint nbits)
+{
+  /* Leave out enough bits in the cache once we are finished */
+  const guint skip_size = 4 * sizeof (nr->cache);
+  guint remaining = nbits;
+
+  nbits %= skip_size;
+  while (remaining > 0) {
+    if (!nal_reader_skip (nr, nbits))
+      return FALSE;
+    remaining -= nbits;
+    nbits = skip_size;
+  }
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+guint
+nal_reader_get_pos (const NalReader * nr)
+{
+  return nr->byte * 8 - nr->bits_in_cache;
+}
+
+guint
+nal_reader_get_remaining (const NalReader * nr)
+{
+  return (nr->size - nr->byte) * 8 + nr->bits_in_cache;
+}
+
+guint
+nal_reader_get_epb_count (const NalReader * nr)
+{
+  return nr->n_epb;
+}
+
+#define NAL_READER_READ_BITS(bits) \
+gboolean \
+nal_reader_get_bits_uint##bits (NalReader *nr, guint##bits *val, guint nbits) \
+{ \
+  guint shift; \
+  \
+  if (!nal_reader_read (nr, nbits)) \
+    return FALSE; \
+  \
+  /* bring the required bits down and truncate */ \
+  shift = nr->bits_in_cache - nbits; \
+  *val = nr->first_byte >> shift; \
+  \
+  *val |= nr->cache << (8 - shift); \
+  /* mask out required bits */ \
+  if (nbits < bits) \
+    *val &= ((guint##bits)1 << nbits) - 1; \
+  \
+  nr->bits_in_cache = shift; \
+  \
+  return TRUE; \
+} \
+
+NAL_READER_READ_BITS (8);
+NAL_READER_READ_BITS (16);
+NAL_READER_READ_BITS (32);
+
+#define NAL_READER_PEEK_BITS(bits) \
+gboolean \
+nal_reader_peek_bits_uint##bits (const NalReader *nr, guint##bits *val, guint nbits) \
+{ \
+  NalReader tmp; \
+  \
+  tmp = *nr; \
+  return nal_reader_get_bits_uint##bits (&tmp, val, nbits); \
+}
+
+NAL_READER_PEEK_BITS (8);
+
+gboolean
+nal_reader_get_ue (NalReader * nr, guint32 * val)
+{
+  guint i = 0;
+  guint8 bit;
+  guint32 value;
+
+  if (G_UNLIKELY (!nal_reader_get_bits_uint8 (nr, &bit, 1)))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  while (bit == 0) {
+    i++;
+    if (G_UNLIKELY (!nal_reader_get_bits_uint8 (nr, &bit, 1)))
+      return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  if (G_UNLIKELY (i > 31))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  if (G_UNLIKELY (!nal_reader_get_bits_uint32 (nr, &value, i)))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  *val = (1 << i) - 1 + value;
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+gboolean
+nal_reader_get_se (NalReader * nr, gint32 * val)
+{
+  guint32 value;
+
+  if (G_UNLIKELY (!nal_reader_get_ue (nr, &value)))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  if (value % 2)
+    *val = (value / 2) + 1;
+  else
+    *val = -(value / 2);
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+gboolean
+nal_reader_is_byte_aligned (NalReader * nr)
+{
+  if (nr->bits_in_cache != 0)
+    return FALSE;
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+gboolean
+nal_reader_has_more_data (NalReader * nr)
+{
+  NalReader nr_tmp;
+  guint remaining, nbits;
+  guint8 rbsp_stop_one_bit, zero_bits;
+
+  remaining = nal_reader_get_remaining (nr);
+  if (remaining == 0)
+    return FALSE;
+
+  nr_tmp = *nr;
+  nr = &nr_tmp;
+
+  /* The spec defines that more_rbsp_data() searches for the last bit
+     equal to 1, and that it is the rbsp_stop_one_bit. Subsequent bits
+     until byte boundary is reached shall be zero.
+
+     This means that more_rbsp_data() is FALSE if the next bit is 1
+     and the remaining bits until byte boundary are zero. One way to
+     be sure that this bit was the very last one, is that every other
+     bit after we reached byte boundary are also set to zero.
+     Otherwise, if the next bit is 0 or if there are non-zero bits
+     afterwards, then then we have more_rbsp_data() */
+  if (!nal_reader_get_bits_uint8 (nr, &rbsp_stop_one_bit, 1))
+    return FALSE;
+  if (!rbsp_stop_one_bit)
+    return TRUE;
+
+  nbits = --remaining % 8;
+  while (remaining > 0) {
+    if (!nal_reader_get_bits_uint8 (nr, &zero_bits, nbits))
+      return FALSE;
+    if (zero_bits != 0)
+      return TRUE;
+    remaining -= nbits;
+    nbits = 8;
+  }
+  return FALSE;
+}
+
+/***********  end of nal parser ***************/
+
+gint
+scan_for_start_codes (const guint8 * data, guint size)
+{
+  GstByteReader br;
+  gst_byte_reader_init (&br, data, size);
+
+  /* NALU not empty, so we can at least expect 1 (even 2) bytes following sc */
+  return gst_byte_reader_masked_scan_uint32 (&br, 0xffffff00, 0x00000100,
+      0, size);
+}
+
+void
+nal_writer_init (NalWriter * nw, guint nal_prefix_size, gboolean packetized)
+{
+  g_return_if_fail (nw != NULL);
+  g_return_if_fail ((packetized && nal_prefix_size > 1 && nal_prefix_size < 5)
+      || (!packetized && (nal_prefix_size == 3 || nal_prefix_size == 4)));
+
+  gst_bit_writer_init (&nw->bw);
+  nw->nal_prefix_size = nal_prefix_size;
+  nw->packetized = packetized;
+}
+
+void
+nal_writer_reset (NalWriter * nw)
+{
+  g_return_if_fail (nw != NULL);
+
+  gst_bit_writer_reset (&nw->bw);
+  memset (nw, 0, sizeof (NalWriter));
+}
+
+gboolean
+nal_writer_do_rbsp_trailing_bits (NalWriter * nw)
+{
+  g_return_val_if_fail (nw != NULL, FALSE);
+
+  if (!gst_bit_writer_put_bits_uint8 (&nw->bw, 1, 1)) {
+    GST_WARNING ("Cannot put trailing bits");
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  if (!gst_bit_writer_align_bytes (&nw->bw, 0)) {
+    GST_WARNING ("Cannot put align bits");
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+static gpointer
+nal_writer_create_nal_data (NalWriter * nw, guint32 * ret_size)
+{
+  GstBitWriter bw;
+  gint i;
+  guint8 *src, *dst;
+  gsize size;
+  gpointer data;
+
+  /* scan to put emulation_prevention_three_byte */
+  size = GST_BIT_WRITER_BIT_SIZE (&nw->bw) >> 3;
+  src = GST_BIT_WRITER_DATA (&nw->bw);
+
+  gst_bit_writer_init_with_size (&bw, size + nw->nal_prefix_size, FALSE);
+  for (i = 0; i < nw->nal_prefix_size - 1; i++)
+    gst_bit_writer_put_bits_uint8 (&bw, 0, 8);
+  gst_bit_writer_put_bits_uint8 (&bw, 1, 8);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+    guint pos = (GST_BIT_WRITER_BIT_SIZE (&bw) >> 3);
+    dst = GST_BIT_WRITER_DATA (&bw);
+    if (pos >= nw->nal_prefix_size + 2 &&
+        dst[pos - 2] == 0 && dst[pos - 1] == 0 && src[i] <= 0x3) {
+      gst_bit_writer_put_bits_uint8 (&bw, 0x3, 8);
+    }
+
+    gst_bit_writer_put_bits_uint8 (&bw, src[i], 8);
+  }
+
+  *ret_size = bw.bit_size >> 3;
+  data = gst_bit_writer_reset_and_get_data (&bw);
+
+  if (nw->packetized) {
+    size = *ret_size - nw->nal_prefix_size;
+
+    switch (nw->nal_prefix_size) {
+      case 1:
+        GST_WRITE_UINT8 (data, size);
+        break;
+      case 2:
+        GST_WRITE_UINT16_BE (data, size);
+        break;
+      case 3:
+        GST_WRITE_UINT24_BE (data, size);
+        break;
+      case 4:
+        GST_WRITE_UINT32_BE (data, size);
+        break;
+      default:
+        g_assert_not_reached ();
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return data;
+}
+
+GstMemory *
+nal_writer_reset_and_get_memory (NalWriter * nw)
+{
+  guint32 size = 0;
+  GstMemory *ret = NULL;
+  gpointer data;
+
+  g_return_val_if_fail (nw != NULL, NULL);
+
+  if ((GST_BIT_WRITER_BIT_SIZE (&nw->bw) >> 3) == 0) {
+    GST_WARNING ("No written byte");
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  if ((GST_BIT_WRITER_BIT_SIZE (&nw->bw) & 0x7) != 0) {
+    GST_WARNING ("Written stream is not byte aligned");
+    if (!nal_writer_do_rbsp_trailing_bits (nw))
+      goto done;
+  }
+
+  data = nal_writer_create_nal_data (nw, &size);
+  if (!data) {
+    GST_WARNING ("Failed to create nal data");
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  ret = gst_memory_new_wrapped (0, data, size, 0, size, data, g_free);
+
+done:
+  gst_bit_writer_reset (&nw->bw);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+guint8 *
+nal_writer_reset_and_get_data (NalWriter * nw, guint32 * ret_size)
+{
+  guint32 size = 0;
+  guint8 *data = NULL;
+
+  g_return_val_if_fail (nw != NULL, NULL);
+  g_return_val_if_fail (ret_size != NULL, NULL);
+
+  *ret_size = 0;
+
+  if ((GST_BIT_WRITER_BIT_SIZE (&nw->bw) >> 3) == 0) {
+    GST_WARNING ("No written byte");
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  if ((GST_BIT_WRITER_BIT_SIZE (&nw->bw) & 0x7) != 0) {
+    GST_WARNING ("Written stream is not byte aligned");
+    if (!nal_writer_do_rbsp_trailing_bits (nw))
+      goto done;
+  }
+
+  data = nal_writer_create_nal_data (nw, &size);
+  if (!data) {
+    GST_WARNING ("Failed to create nal data");
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  *ret_size = size;
+
+done:
+  gst_bit_writer_reset (&nw->bw);
+
+  return data;
+}
+
+gboolean
+nal_writer_put_bits_uint8 (NalWriter * nw, guint8 value, guint nbits)
+{
+  g_return_val_if_fail (nw != NULL, FALSE);
+
+  if (!gst_bit_writer_put_bits_uint8 (&nw->bw, value, nbits))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+gboolean
+nal_writer_put_bits_uint16 (NalWriter * nw, guint16 value, guint nbits)
+{
+  g_return_val_if_fail (nw != NULL, FALSE);
+
+  if (!gst_bit_writer_put_bits_uint16 (&nw->bw, value, nbits))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+gboolean
+nal_writer_put_bits_uint32 (NalWriter * nw, guint32 value, guint nbits)
+{
+  g_return_val_if_fail (nw != NULL, FALSE);
+
+  if (!gst_bit_writer_put_bits_uint32 (&nw->bw, value, nbits))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+gboolean
+nal_writer_put_bytes (NalWriter * nw, const guint8 * data, guint nbytes)
+{
+  g_return_val_if_fail (nw != NULL, FALSE);
+  g_return_val_if_fail (data != NULL, FALSE);
+  g_return_val_if_fail (nbytes != 0, FALSE);
+
+  if (!gst_bit_writer_put_bytes (&nw->bw, data, nbytes))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+gboolean
+nal_writer_put_ue (NalWriter * nw, guint32 value)
+{
+  guint leading_zeros;
+  guint rest;
+
+  g_return_val_if_fail (nw != NULL, FALSE);
+
+  count_exp_golomb_bits (value, &leading_zeros, &rest);
+
+  /* write leading zeros */
+  if (leading_zeros) {
+    if (!nal_writer_put_bits_uint32 (nw, 0, leading_zeros))
+      return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  /* write the rest */
+  if (!nal_writer_put_bits_uint32 (nw, value + 1, rest))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+gboolean
+count_exp_golomb_bits (guint32 value, guint * leading_zeros, guint * rest)
+{
+  guint32 x;
+  guint count = 0;
+
+  /* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential-Golomb_coding */
+  /* count bits of value + 1 */
+  x = value + 1;
+  while (x) {
+    count++;
+    x >>= 1;
+  }
+
+  if (leading_zeros) {
+    if (count > 1)
+      *leading_zeros = count - 1;
+    else
+      *leading_zeros = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (rest) {
+    *rest = count;
+  }
+
+  return TRUE;
+}

src/h265_parser/gst/codecparsers/nalutils.h

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+/* Gstreamer
+ * Copyright (C) <2011> Intel Corporation
+ * Copyright (C) <2011> Collabora Ltd.
+ * Copyright (C) <2011> Thibault Saunier <thibault.saunier@collabora.com>
+ *
+ * Some bits C-c,C-v'ed and s/4/3 from h264parse and videoparsers/h264parse.c:
+ *    Copyright (C) <2010> Mark Nauwelaerts <mark.nauwelaerts@collabora.co.uk>
+ *    Copyright (C) <2010> Collabora Multimedia
+ *    Copyright (C) <2010> Nokia Corporation
+ *
+ *    (C) 2005 Michal Benes <michal.benes@itonis.tv>
+ *    (C) 2008 Wim Taymans <wim.taymans@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Library General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor,
+ * Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Common code for NAL parsing from h264 and h265 parsers.
+ */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#  include "config.h"
+#endif
+
+#include <gst/base/gstbytereader.h>
+#include <gst/base/gstbitreader.h>
+#include <gst/base/gstbitwriter.h>
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  const guint8 *data;
+  guint size;
+
+  guint n_epb;                  /* Number of emulation prevention bytes */
+  guint byte;                   /* Byte position */
+  guint bits_in_cache;          /* bitpos in the cache of next bit */
+  guint8 first_byte;
+  guint32 epb_cache;            /* cache 3 bytes to check emulation prevention bytes */
+  guint64 cache;                /* cached bytes */
+} NalReader;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  GstBitWriter bw;
+
+  guint nal_prefix_size;
+  gboolean packetized;
+} NalWriter;
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+void nal_reader_init (NalReader * nr, const guint8 * data, guint size);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+gboolean nal_reader_read (NalReader * nr, guint nbits);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+gboolean nal_reader_skip (NalReader * nr, guint nbits);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+gboolean nal_reader_skip_long (NalReader * nr, guint nbits);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+guint nal_reader_get_pos (const NalReader * nr);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+guint nal_reader_get_remaining (const NalReader * nr);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+guint nal_reader_get_epb_count (const NalReader * nr);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+gboolean nal_reader_is_byte_aligned (NalReader * nr);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+gboolean nal_reader_has_more_data (NalReader * nr);
+
+#define NAL_READER_READ_BITS_H(bits) \
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL \
+gboolean nal_reader_get_bits_uint##bits (NalReader *nr, guint##bits *val, guint nbits)
+
+NAL_READER_READ_BITS_H (8);
+NAL_READER_READ_BITS_H (16);
+NAL_READER_READ_BITS_H (32);
+
+#define NAL_READER_PEEK_BITS_H(bits) \
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL \
+gboolean nal_reader_peek_bits_uint##bits (const NalReader *nr, guint##bits *val, guint nbits)
+
+NAL_READER_PEEK_BITS_H (8);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+gboolean nal_reader_get_ue (NalReader * nr, guint32 * val);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+gboolean nal_reader_get_se (NalReader * nr, gint32 * val);
+
+#define CHECK_ALLOWED_MAX_WITH_DEBUG(dbg, val, max) { \
+  if (val > max) { \
+    GST_WARNING ("value for '" dbg "' greater than max. value: %d, max %d", \
+                     val, max); \
+    goto error; \
+  } \
+}
+#define CHECK_ALLOWED_MAX(val, max) \
+  CHECK_ALLOWED_MAX_WITH_DEBUG (G_STRINGIFY (val), val, max)
+
+#define CHECK_ALLOWED_WITH_DEBUG(dbg, val, min, max) { \
+  if (val < min || val > max) { \
+    GST_WARNING ("value for '" dbg "' not in allowed range. value: %d, range %d-%d", \
+                     val, min, max); \
+    goto error; \
+  } \
+}
+#define CHECK_ALLOWED(val, min, max) \
+  CHECK_ALLOWED_WITH_DEBUG (G_STRINGIFY (val), val, min, max)
+
+#define READ_UINT8(nr, val, nbits) { \
+  if (!nal_reader_get_bits_uint8 (nr, &val, nbits)) { \
+    GST_WARNING ("failed to read uint8 for '" G_STRINGIFY (val) "', nbits: %d", nbits); \
+    goto error; \
+  } \
+}
+
+#define READ_UINT16(nr, val, nbits) { \
+  if (!nal_reader_get_bits_uint16 (nr, &val, nbits)) { \
+  GST_WARNING ("failed to read uint16 for '" G_STRINGIFY (val) "', nbits: %d", nbits); \
+    goto error; \
+  } \
+}
+
+#define READ_UINT32(nr, val, nbits) { \
+  if (!nal_reader_get_bits_uint32 (nr, &val, nbits)) { \
+  GST_WARNING ("failed to read uint32 for '" G_STRINGIFY (val) "', nbits: %d", nbits); \
+    goto error; \
+  } \
+}
+
+#define READ_UINT64(nr, val, nbits) { \
+  if (!nal_reader_get_bits_uint64 (nr, &val, nbits)) { \
+    GST_WARNING ("failed to read uint32 for '" G_STRINGIFY (val) "', nbits: %d", nbits); \
+    goto error; \
+  } \
+}
+
+#define READ_UE(nr, val) { \
+  if (!nal_reader_get_ue (nr, &val)) { \
+    GST_WARNING ("failed to read UE for '" G_STRINGIFY (val) "'"); \
+    goto error; \
+  } \
+}
+
+#define READ_UE_ALLOWED(nr, val, min, max) { \
+  guint32 tmp; \
+  READ_UE (nr, tmp); \
+  CHECK_ALLOWED_WITH_DEBUG (G_STRINGIFY (val), tmp, min, max); \
+  val = tmp; \
+}
+
+#define READ_UE_MAX(nr, val, max) { \
+  guint32 tmp; \
+  READ_UE (nr, tmp); \
+  CHECK_ALLOWED_MAX_WITH_DEBUG (G_STRINGIFY (val), tmp, max); \
+  val = tmp; \
+}
+
+#define READ_SE(nr, val) { \
+  if (!nal_reader_get_se (nr, &val)) { \
+    GST_WARNING ("failed to read SE for '" G_STRINGIFY (val) "'"); \
+    goto error; \
+  } \
+}
+
+#define READ_SE_ALLOWED(nr, val, min, max) { \
+  gint32 tmp; \
+  READ_SE (nr, tmp); \
+  CHECK_ALLOWED_WITH_DEBUG (G_STRINGIFY (val), tmp, min, max); \
+  val = tmp; \
+}
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+gint scan_for_start_codes (const guint8 * data, guint size);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+void nal_writer_init (NalWriter * nw, guint nal_prefix_size, gboolean packetized);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+void nal_writer_reset (NalWriter * nw);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+gboolean nal_writer_do_rbsp_trailing_bits (NalWriter * nw);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+GstMemory * nal_writer_reset_and_get_memory (NalWriter * nw);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+guint8 * nal_writer_reset_and_get_data (NalWriter * nw, guint32 * ret_size);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+gboolean nal_writer_put_bits_uint8 (NalWriter * nw, guint8 value, guint nbits);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+gboolean nal_writer_put_bits_uint16 (NalWriter * nw, guint16 value, guint nbits);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+gboolean nal_writer_put_bits_uint32 (NalWriter * nw, guint32 value, guint nbits);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+gboolean nal_writer_put_bytes (NalWriter * nw, const guint8 * data, guint nbytes);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+gboolean nal_writer_put_ue (NalWriter * nw, guint32 value);
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+gboolean count_exp_golomb_bits (guint32 value, guint * leading_zeros, guint * rest);
+
+#define WRITE_UINT8(nw, val, nbits) { \
+  if (!nal_writer_put_bits_uint8 (nw, val, nbits)) { \
+    GST_WARNING ("failed to write uint8 for '" G_STRINGIFY (val) "', nbits: %d", nbits); \
+    goto error; \
+  } \
+}
+
+#define WRITE_UINT16(nw, val, nbits) { \
+  if (!nal_writer_put_bits_uint16 (nw, val, nbits)) { \
+    GST_WARNING ("failed to write uint16 for '" G_STRINGIFY (val) "', nbits: %d", nbits); \
+    goto error; \
+  } \
+}
+
+#define WRITE_UINT32(nw, val, nbits) { \
+  if (!nal_writer_put_bits_uint32 (nw, val, nbits)) { \
+    GST_WARNING ("failed to write uint32 for '" G_STRINGIFY (val) "', nbits: %d", nbits); \
+    goto error; \
+  } \
+}
+
+#define WRITE_BYTES(nw, data, nbytes) { \
+  if (!nal_writer_put_bytes (nw, data, nbytes)) { \
+    GST_WARNING ("failed to write bytes for '" G_STRINGIFY (val) "', nbits: %d", nbytes); \
+    goto error; \
+  } \
+}
+
+#define WRITE_UE(nw, val) { \
+  if (!nal_writer_put_ue (nw, val)) { \
+    GST_WARNING ("failed to write ue for '" G_STRINGIFY (val) "'"); \
+    goto error; \
+  } \
+}
+
+static inline guint32 div_ceil (guint32 a, guint32 b)
+{
+  /* http://blog.pkh.me/p/36-figuring-out-round%2C-floor-and-ceil-with-integer-division.html */
+  g_assert (b > 0);
+  return a / b + (a % b > 0);
+}

src/h265_parser/gst/glib-compat-private.h

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+/* Stub for <gst/glib-compat-private.h>.
+ * In upstream GStreamer this provides backwards-compat shims for older
+ * GLib versions (g_memdup2 polyfill being the load-bearing one).
+ * Our gst_compat.h already defines g_memdup2 as a static inline, so
+ * we just include the shim.
+ */
+#ifndef LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_FOURIER_GLIB_COMPAT_PRIVATE_STUB
+#define LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_FOURIER_GLIB_COMPAT_PRIVATE_STUB
+#include "gst_compat.h"
+#endif

src/h265_parser/gst/gst.h

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+/* Stub for <gst/gst.h> — redirects to the project's gst_compat shim.
+ * The vendored GStreamer 1.28.2 H.265 parser was originally built against
+ * full GStreamer; we only need the GLib type aliases + memory helpers +
+ * macro stubs, all provided by gst_compat.h. Original gst.h would pull
+ * in GObject + GstObject + the entire framework, which we don't link.
+ */
+#ifndef LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_FOURIER_GST_H_STUB
+#define LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_FOURIER_GST_H_STUB
+#include "gst_compat.h"
+#endif

src/h265_parser/gst_compat.c

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+/*
+ * gst_compat.c — GArray implementation for the vendored GStreamer parser.
+ *
+ * Scope: minimal subset of GArray API exercised by gsth265parser.c
+ * (g_array_new, g_array_sized_new, g_array_append_vals + the
+ * g_array_append_val macro, g_array_index macro, g_array_set_size,
+ * g_array_set_clear_func, g_array_free, g_array_unref).
+ *
+ * Non-thread-safe (matches GArray's documented semantics — GArray is
+ * not thread-safe in upstream GLib either, callers must serialize).
+ *
+ * License: MIT (matches backend's COPYING.MIT).
+ */
+
+#include "gst_compat.h"
+
+/* ===== internal helpers ===== */
+
+static gboolean
+garray_grow(GArray *array, guint new_capacity)
+{
+    if (new_capacity <= array->capacity)
+        return TRUE;
+
+    /* round up to next power of two for amortized O(1) growth */
+    guint cap = array->capacity > 0 ? array->capacity : 4;
+    while (cap < new_capacity)
+        cap *= 2;
+
+    char *new_data = realloc(array->data, (size_t)cap * array->element_size);
+    if (new_data == NULL)
+        return FALSE;
+
+    if (array->clear) {
+        memset(new_data + (size_t)array->capacity * array->element_size, 0,
+               (size_t)(cap - array->capacity) * array->element_size);
+    }
+
+    array->data = new_data;
+    array->capacity = cap;
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/* ===== public API ===== */
+
+GArray *
+g_array_sized_new(gboolean zero_terminated, gboolean clear,
+                  guint element_size, guint reserved_size)
+{
+    /* zero_terminated is GLib-specific (appends a zero-element sentinel
+     * for trailing-NULL semantics). The vendored parser does not use it;
+     * we ignore the flag. */
+    (void)zero_terminated;
+
+    GArray *a = calloc(1, sizeof(GArray));
+    if (a == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    a->element_size = element_size;
+    a->clear = clear;
+
+    if (reserved_size > 0) {
+        if (!garray_grow(a, reserved_size)) {
+            free(a);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    return a;
+}
+
+GArray *
+g_array_new(gboolean zero_terminated, gboolean clear, guint element_size)
+{
+    return g_array_sized_new(zero_terminated, clear, element_size, 0);
+}
+
+GArray *
+g_array_set_size(GArray *array, guint length)
+{
+    if (length > array->capacity) {
+        if (!garray_grow(array, length))
+            return array;
+    }
+
+    if (array->clear_func != NULL && length < array->len) {
+        for (guint i = length; i < array->len; i++)
+            array->clear_func(array->data + (size_t)i * array->element_size);
+    }
+    if (array->clear && length > array->len) {
+        memset(array->data + (size_t)array->len * array->element_size, 0,
+               (size_t)(length - array->len) * array->element_size);
+    }
+    array->len = length;
+    return array;
+}
+
+GArray *
+g_array_append_vals(GArray *array, gconstpointer data, guint len)
+{
+    if (len == 0)
+        return array;
+
+    if (!garray_grow(array, array->len + len))
+        return array;
+
+    memcpy(array->data + (size_t)array->len * array->element_size,
+           data, (size_t)len * array->element_size);
+    array->len += len;
+    return array;
+}
+
+void
+g_array_set_clear_func(GArray *array, void (*clear_func)(gpointer))
+{
+    array->clear_func = clear_func;
+}
+
+gchar *
+g_array_free(GArray *array, gboolean free_segment)
+{
+    if (array == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    if (array->clear_func != NULL) {
+        for (guint i = 0; i < array->len; i++)
+            array->clear_func(array->data + (size_t)i * array->element_size);
+    }
+
+    gchar *data = NULL;
+    if (free_segment) {
+        free(array->data);
+    } else {
+        data = array->data;
+    }
+    free(array);
+    return data;
+}
+
+GArray *
+g_array_unref(GArray *array)
+{
+    /* simplified to free; the backend never sub-references shared GArrays */
+    g_array_free(array, TRUE);
+    return NULL;
+}

src/h265_parser/gst_compat.h

@@ -0,0 +1,463 @@
+/*
+ * gst_compat.h — minimal GLib/GStreamer compatibility shim for vendored
+ * GStreamer 1.28.2 H.265 parser + bitreader + bytereader + nalutils.
+ *
+ * Strategy: provide #defines / typedefs for the GLib API surface those
+ * 4 vendored files use, so they can compile against libc + libv4l2 only
+ * (no glib2 / gst-base linkage). Vendored .c files are NOT modified
+ * directly; instead this header is force-included via the Makefile's
+ * `-include` flag on the vendored translation units.
+ *
+ * Coverage scoped to what gsth265parser.c + nalutils.c + gstbitreader.c
+ * + gstbytereader.c actually call. Surveyed in
+ * ampere-kernel-decoders phase4 step 2 prep — see
+ * ~/src/ampere-kernel-decoders/phase4_plan_iter2.md and the survey
+ * commit message for the empirical inventory.
+ *
+ * License: this shim is original work, MIT (matching the backend's
+ * COPYING.MIT). The vendored .c files keep their LGPL v2.1+ headers
+ * verbatim.
+ */
+
+#ifndef LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_FOURIER_GST_COMPAT_H
+#define LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_FOURIER_GST_COMPAT_H
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+/* ===== GLib type aliases ===== */
+
+typedef bool          gboolean;
+typedef char          gchar;
+typedef unsigned char guchar;
+typedef int           gint;
+typedef int8_t        gint8;
+typedef int16_t       gint16;
+typedef int32_t       gint32;
+typedef int64_t       gint64;
+typedef unsigned int  guint;
+typedef uint8_t       guint8;
+typedef uint16_t      guint16;
+typedef uint32_t      guint32;
+typedef uint64_t      guint64;
+typedef size_t        gsize;
+typedef ptrdiff_t     gssize;
+typedef void *        gpointer;
+typedef const void *  gconstpointer;
+typedef double        gdouble;
+typedef float         gfloat;
+
+/* GLib's gint64 / guint64 formatting is platform-conditional; for our
+ * aarch64 ALARM target we don't need the full G_*_FORMAT machinery, but
+ * gstbytereader uses G_GSIZE_FORMAT in a debug-only printf. */
+#define G_GSIZE_FORMAT "zu"
+
+#ifndef TRUE
+# define TRUE  true
+#endif
+#ifndef FALSE
+# define FALSE false
+#endif
+
+/* ===== memory ===== */
+
+#define g_malloc(n)         malloc((size_t)(n))
+#define g_malloc0(n)        calloc(1, (size_t)(n))
+#define g_realloc(p, n)     realloc((p), (size_t)(n))
+/* g_free needs to be addressable (passed as a function-pointer arg by
+ * nalutils.c::gst_memory_new_wrapped — even though that call site is
+ * dead code we don't invoke, it must compile). Plain `free` is
+ * compatible: signature is `void (void *)` either way. */
+#define g_free              free
+#define g_new(type, n)      ((type *)malloc(sizeof(type) * (size_t)(n)))
+#define g_new0(type, n)     ((type *)calloc((size_t)(n), sizeof(type)))
+#define g_slice_new(type)   ((type *)malloc(sizeof(type)))
+#define g_slice_new0(type)  ((type *)calloc(1, sizeof(type)))
+#define g_slice_free(type, p)        free(p)
+#define g_slice_free1(size, p)       free(p)
+#define g_clear_pointer(pp, freefn) \
+        do { freefn(*(pp)); *(pp) = NULL; } while (0)
+
+/* g_memdup2 — GLib's 64-bit-safe memdup, used by gstbytereader. */
+static inline gpointer
+g_memdup2(gconstpointer mem, gsize byte_size)
+{
+    if (mem == NULL || byte_size == 0)
+        return NULL;
+    void *copy = malloc(byte_size);
+    if (copy != NULL)
+        memcpy(copy, mem, byte_size);
+    return copy;
+}
+
+/* g_strcmp0 — NULL-safe strcmp. Used by gsth265parser in profile-name lookup. */
+static inline int
+g_strcmp0(const char *a, const char *b)
+{
+    if (a == b) return 0;
+    if (a == NULL) return -1;
+    if (b == NULL) return 1;
+    return strcmp(a, b);
+}
+
+/* ===== asserts / return-guards =====
+ *
+ * Per ampere-kernel-decoders iter2 Phase 2 §"new failure modes" #5:
+ * g_assert must NOT abort the process. It becomes a no-op here;
+ * malformed bitstream is caught by the explicit parse-result returns
+ * the parser already implements.
+ *
+ * g_return_if_fail / g_return_val_if_fail propagate as the original
+ * GLib semantics (early return with optional value). */
+
+#define g_assert(cond)                ((void)0)
+#define g_assert_not_reached()        __builtin_unreachable()
+#define g_return_if_fail(cond)        do { if (!(cond)) return; } while (0)
+#define g_return_val_if_fail(cond, v) do { if (!(cond)) return (v); } while (0)
+
+/* ===== GStreamer logging — no-ops =====
+ *
+ * The parser is heavy on debug logging. We compile all of it out;
+ * the backend's own logging (request_log/error_log) wraps the parser
+ * calls and reports parse-failure return codes from there. */
+
+#define GST_DISABLE_GST_DEBUG 1
+
+#define GST_DEBUG_CATEGORY_STATIC(name)
+#define GST_DEBUG_CATEGORY_INIT(...) ((void)0)
+#define GST_DEBUG_CATEGORY_GET(...)  ((void)0)
+#define GST_DEBUG(...)               ((void)0)
+#define GST_INFO(...)                ((void)0)
+#define GST_WARNING(...)             ((void)0)
+#define GST_ERROR(...)               ((void)0)
+#define GST_LOG(...)                 ((void)0)
+#define GST_FIXME(...)               ((void)0)
+#define GST_MEMDUMP(...)             ((void)0)
+#define GST_CAT_DEFAULT              (NULL)
+
+/* ===== compiler / language helpers ===== */
+
+#define G_LIKELY(x)        __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
+#define G_UNLIKELY(x)      __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
+#define G_GNUC_UNUSED      __attribute__((unused))
+#define G_GNUC_INTERNAL
+#define G_GNUC_MALLOC      __attribute__((malloc))
+#define G_GNUC_NORETURN    __attribute__((noreturn))
+#define G_GNUC_DEPRECATED
+#define G_GNUC_DEPRECATED_FOR(x)
+#define G_GNUC_PURE        __attribute__((pure))
+#define G_GNUC_CONST       __attribute__((const))
+#define G_GNUC_PRINTF(a, b) __attribute__((format(printf, a, b)))
+#define G_BEGIN_DECLS
+#define G_END_DECLS
+#define G_N_ELEMENTS(arr)  (sizeof(arr) / sizeof((arr)[0]))
+#define G_STMT_START       do
+#define G_STMT_END         while (0)
+#define G_STRINGIFY(x)     G_STRINGIFY_(x)
+#define G_STRINGIFY_(x)    #x
+
+/* GStreamer ABI-padding slot count; upstream uses 4 reserved gpointers
+ * at the end of public structs for future ABI extension. We replicate
+ * the size so struct layout matches what gst_byte_reader_init / friends
+ * write into. */
+#define GST_PADDING        4
+#define GST_PADDING_LARGE  20
+
+/* Public-symbol visibility — backend's shared module uses
+ * -fvisibility=hidden, so we don't need to mark anything public from
+ * within the vendored parser. The original GST_*_API macros expand to
+ * extern + dllimport on Windows; on Linux ELF builds where
+ * fvisibility=hidden is active, they would mark public symbols. The
+ * vendored functions are never called from outside h265_parser/, so
+ * leaving these empty hides them automatically. */
+#define GST_API
+#define GST_API_EXPORT     extern
+#define GST_API_IMPORT     extern
+
+/* ===== Opaque GStreamer pipeline types =====
+ *
+ * GstBuffer + GstMemory are referenced by encoder-side dead-code
+ * functions in gsth265parser.c (gst_h265_parser_insert_sei_hevc).
+ * We never call those; declaring them as opaque structs lets the
+ * function pointers / declarations compile, and the linker keeps the
+ * dead-code .text section even though it's unreachable.
+ *
+ * If you ever need to actually USE GstBuffer in this tree, replace
+ * these opaque decls with the project's own buffer abstraction; do not
+ * try to vendor in libgst itself. */
+
+typedef struct _GstBuffer GstBuffer;
+typedef struct _GstMemory GstMemory;
+typedef struct _GstMapInfo GstMapInfo;  /* opaque — dead-code in gsth265parser SEI insert */
+
+/* GLib min/max constants — dead-code unsigned-overflow guards in
+ * gsth265parser.c. */
+#define G_MAXUINT8   ((guint8)0xFF)
+#define G_MAXUINT16  ((guint16)0xFFFF)
+#define G_MAXUINT32  ((guint32)0xFFFFFFFFU)
+#define G_MAXUINT64  ((guint64)0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL)
+#define G_MAXINT8    ((gint8)0x7F)
+#define G_MAXINT16   ((gint16)0x7FFF)
+#define G_MAXINT32   ((gint32)0x7FFFFFFF)
+#define G_MAXINT64   ((gint64)0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFLL)
+#define G_MININT8    ((gint8)(-0x80))
+#define G_MININT16   ((gint16)(-0x8000))
+#define G_MININT32   ((gint32)(-0x80000000))
+#define G_MAXSIZE    ((gsize)-1)
+
+/* GLib function-pointer typedefs used by g_list_* APIs (which our
+ * gst_compat declares as abort-stubs). They show up in code paths
+ * we never invoke but must compile. */
+typedef void (*GDestroyNotify)(gpointer data);
+typedef int  (*GCompareFunc)(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b);
+typedef int  (*GCompareDataFunc)(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b, gpointer user_data);
+
+/* GstMapFlags — passed to gst_memory_map / gst_buffer_map. Dead-code. */
+#define GST_MAP_READ      (1 << 0)
+#define GST_MAP_WRITE     (1 << 1)
+#define GST_MAP_READWRITE (GST_MAP_READ | GST_MAP_WRITE)
+
+/* Dead-code stubs for buffer / memory mapping (only referenced by
+ * gst_h265_parser_insert_sei_hevc which we never call). The compile
+ * needs declarations + addressable functions; abort on call. */
+static inline gboolean
+gst_memory_map(GstMemory *mem G_GNUC_UNUSED, GstMapInfo *info G_GNUC_UNUSED,
+               int flags G_GNUC_UNUSED) { abort(); }
+static inline void
+gst_memory_unmap(GstMemory *mem G_GNUC_UNUSED, GstMapInfo *info G_GNUC_UNUSED) { abort(); }
+static inline gboolean
+gst_buffer_map(GstBuffer *buf G_GNUC_UNUSED, GstMapInfo *info G_GNUC_UNUSED,
+               int flags G_GNUC_UNUSED) { abort(); }
+static inline void
+gst_buffer_unmap(GstBuffer *buf G_GNUC_UNUSED, GstMapInfo *info G_GNUC_UNUSED) { abort(); }
+static inline GstBuffer *
+gst_buffer_new(void) { abort(); }
+static inline gboolean
+gst_buffer_copy_into(GstBuffer *dst G_GNUC_UNUSED, GstBuffer *src G_GNUC_UNUSED,
+                     int flags G_GNUC_UNUSED, gsize offset G_GNUC_UNUSED,
+                     gssize size G_GNUC_UNUSED) { abort(); }
+static inline void
+gst_buffer_append_memory(GstBuffer *buf G_GNUC_UNUSED, GstMemory *mem G_GNUC_UNUSED) { abort(); }
+static inline GstMemory *
+gst_memory_ref(GstMemory *mem G_GNUC_UNUSED) { abort(); }
+static inline void
+gst_memory_unref(GstMemory *mem G_GNUC_UNUSED) { abort(); }
+static inline GstMemory *
+gst_memory_copy(GstMemory *mem G_GNUC_UNUSED, gssize offset G_GNUC_UNUSED, gssize size G_GNUC_UNUSED) { abort(); }
+static inline void
+gst_clear_buffer(GstBuffer **buf) { *buf = NULL; }
+#define GST_IS_BUFFER(b) (false)
+
+/* GstBufferCopyFlags — used only by gst_buffer_copy_into in dead code. */
+#define GST_BUFFER_COPY_METADATA  (1 << 0)
+#define GST_BUFFER_COPY_MEMORY    (1 << 1)
+#define GST_BUFFER_COPY_DEEP      (1 << 2)
+
+/* gst_util_ceil_log2(n) — ceil(log2(n)) for non-zero unsigned n.
+ * Used by gsth265parser.c::gst_h265_slice_parse_ref_pic_list_modification.
+ * That function is in the slice-header parser which the libva backend
+ * does NOT invoke (we only call parse_sps) — but the linker still
+ * needs a definition. Provide a real impl: cheaper to compute than to
+ * justify a dead-code stub at every call site. */
+static inline guint
+gst_util_ceil_log2(guint32 n)
+{
+    if (n <= 1) return 0;
+    /* __builtin_clz returns leading zeros for a 32-bit value;
+     * 32 - clz(n-1) = bits needed = ceil(log2(n)). */
+    return 32 - (guint)__builtin_clz(n - 1);
+}
+
+/* GstMapInfo's real definition is in <gst/gstmemory.h>; we need at
+ * least enough to make `info->data` / `info->size` compile. */
+struct _GstMapInfo {
+    GstMemory *memory;
+    int        flags;
+    guint8    *data;
+    gsize      size;
+    gsize      maxsize;
+    gpointer   user_data[4];
+    gpointer   _gst_reserved[GST_PADDING];
+};
+
+/* gst_memory_new_wrapped — dead-code stub (nalutils.c calls it from
+ * the SEI-insertion path the libva backend never invokes). */
+static inline GstMemory *
+gst_memory_new_wrapped(int flags, gpointer data, gsize maxsize,
+                       gsize offset, gsize size, gpointer user_data,
+                       void (*notify)(gpointer))
+{
+    (void)flags; (void)data; (void)maxsize; (void)offset; (void)size;
+    (void)user_data; (void)notify;
+    abort();
+}
+
+/* ===== byte-order read / write macros =====
+ *
+ * GStreamer provides these as static-inline functions in
+ * <gst/gstutils.h>. We re-implement for aarch64 little-endian; the
+ * parser is byte-stream input, so endian-conversion is mechanical.
+ * The float / double variants are present in upstream but the parser
+ * never invokes them — provide stubs so the address-taking sites in
+ * gstbytereader.h's function table compile. */
+
+#define GST_READ_UINT8(data)                                    \
+    (*((const guint8 *)(data)))
+
+#define GST_READ_UINT16_LE(data) (                              \
+    ((guint16)((const guint8 *)(data))[0])           |          \
+    ((guint16)((const guint8 *)(data))[1] << 8))
+
+#define GST_READ_UINT16_BE(data) (                              \
+    ((guint16)((const guint8 *)(data))[0] << 8)      |          \
+    ((guint16)((const guint8 *)(data))[1]))
+
+#define GST_READ_UINT24_LE(data) (                              \
+    ((guint32)((const guint8 *)(data))[0])           |          \
+    ((guint32)((const guint8 *)(data))[1] << 8)      |          \
+    ((guint32)((const guint8 *)(data))[2] << 16))
+
+#define GST_READ_UINT24_BE(data) (                              \
+    ((guint32)((const guint8 *)(data))[0] << 16)     |          \
+    ((guint32)((const guint8 *)(data))[1] << 8)      |          \
+    ((guint32)((const guint8 *)(data))[2]))
+
+#define GST_READ_UINT32_LE(data) (                              \
+    ((guint32)((const guint8 *)(data))[0])           |          \
+    ((guint32)((const guint8 *)(data))[1] << 8)      |          \
+    ((guint32)((const guint8 *)(data))[2] << 16)     |          \
+    ((guint32)((const guint8 *)(data))[3] << 24))
+
+#define GST_READ_UINT32_BE(data) (                              \
+    ((guint32)((const guint8 *)(data))[0] << 24)     |          \
+    ((guint32)((const guint8 *)(data))[1] << 16)     |          \
+    ((guint32)((const guint8 *)(data))[2] << 8)      |          \
+    ((guint32)((const guint8 *)(data))[3]))
+
+#define GST_READ_UINT64_LE(data) (                              \
+    ((guint64)((const guint8 *)(data))[0])           |          \
+    ((guint64)((const guint8 *)(data))[1] << 8)      |          \
+    ((guint64)((const guint8 *)(data))[2] << 16)     |          \
+    ((guint64)((const guint8 *)(data))[3] << 24)     |          \
+    ((guint64)((const guint8 *)(data))[4] << 32)     |          \
+    ((guint64)((const guint8 *)(data))[5] << 40)     |          \
+    ((guint64)((const guint8 *)(data))[6] << 48)     |          \
+    ((guint64)((const guint8 *)(data))[7] << 56))
+
+#define GST_READ_UINT64_BE(data) (                              \
+    ((guint64)((const guint8 *)(data))[0] << 56)     |          \
+    ((guint64)((const guint8 *)(data))[1] << 48)     |          \
+    ((guint64)((const guint8 *)(data))[2] << 40)     |          \
+    ((guint64)((const guint8 *)(data))[3] << 32)     |          \
+    ((guint64)((const guint8 *)(data))[4] << 24)     |          \
+    ((guint64)((const guint8 *)(data))[5] << 16)     |          \
+    ((guint64)((const guint8 *)(data))[6] << 8)      |          \
+    ((guint64)((const guint8 *)(data))[7]))
+
+/* Float / double readers — dead-code, abort if called. The function
+ * table in gstbytereader.h takes the address of the underlying inline
+ * which we don't need to be functional, only addressable. */
+static inline gfloat
+GST_READ_FLOAT_LE(const guint8 *data) { (void)data; abort(); }
+static inline gfloat
+GST_READ_FLOAT_BE(const guint8 *data) { (void)data; abort(); }
+static inline gdouble
+GST_READ_DOUBLE_LE(const guint8 *data) { (void)data; abort(); }
+static inline gdouble
+GST_READ_DOUBLE_BE(const guint8 *data) { (void)data; abort(); }
+
+/* Write side — nalutils.c writes-out SEI bytes (dead path for us but
+ * must compile). */
+#define GST_WRITE_UINT8(data, val) do {                         \
+    ((guint8 *)(data))[0] = (guint8)(val);                      \
+} while (0)
+
+#define GST_WRITE_UINT16_BE(data, val) do {                     \
+    ((guint8 *)(data))[0] = (guint8)((val) >> 8);               \
+    ((guint8 *)(data))[1] = (guint8)((val));                    \
+} while (0)
+
+#define GST_WRITE_UINT24_BE(data, val) do {                     \
+    ((guint8 *)(data))[0] = (guint8)((val) >> 16);              \
+    ((guint8 *)(data))[1] = (guint8)((val) >> 8);               \
+    ((guint8 *)(data))[2] = (guint8)((val));                    \
+} while (0)
+
+#define GST_WRITE_UINT32_BE(data, val) do {                     \
+    ((guint8 *)(data))[0] = (guint8)((val) >> 24);              \
+    ((guint8 *)(data))[1] = (guint8)((val) >> 16);              \
+    ((guint8 *)(data))[2] = (guint8)((val) >> 8);               \
+    ((guint8 *)(data))[3] = (guint8)((val));                    \
+} while (0)
+
+#ifndef MIN
+# define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
+#endif
+#ifndef MAX
+# define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
+#endif
+
+/* ===== GArray ===== */
+
+typedef struct {
+    char *data;                 /* exposed via g_array_index / GArray->data */
+    guint len;                  /* element count */
+    guint capacity;             /* allocated element slots */
+    guint element_size;
+    gboolean clear;             /* zero-fill on grow */
+    void (*clear_func)(gpointer);
+} GArray;
+
+GArray *g_array_new(gboolean zero_terminated, gboolean clear, guint element_size);
+GArray *g_array_sized_new(gboolean zero_terminated, gboolean clear,
+                          guint element_size, guint reserved_size);
+GArray *g_array_set_size(GArray *array, guint length);
+GArray *g_array_append_vals(GArray *array, gconstpointer data, guint len);
+void    g_array_set_clear_func(GArray *array, void (*clear_func)(gpointer));
+gchar  *g_array_free(GArray *array, gboolean free_segment);
+GArray *g_array_unref(GArray *array);
+
+#define g_array_append_val(a, v) g_array_append_vals((a), &(v), 1)
+#define g_array_index(a, t, i)   (((t *)(void *)(a)->data)[i])
+
+/* ===== GList — stubs that abort if reached =====
+ *
+ * Surveyed call sites: gsth265parser.c uses g_list_prepend / g_list_sort /
+ * g_list_free_full in code paths the libva backend does not invoke for
+ * basic SPS parsing (likely SEI message accumulation). Stub to abort so
+ * any future call surfaces immediately rather than silently corrupting. */
+
+/* GList — full struct (not opaque) so callers can do `list->data`.
+ * The functions still abort because we never construct a GList. */
+typedef struct _GList GList;
+struct _GList {
+    gpointer data;
+    GList   *next;
+    GList   *prev;
+};
+
+static inline GList *g_list_prepend(GList *list G_GNUC_UNUSED, gpointer data G_GNUC_UNUSED) { abort(); }
+static inline GList *g_list_sort(GList *list G_GNUC_UNUSED, int (*cmp)(gconstpointer, gconstpointer) G_GNUC_UNUSED) { abort(); }
+static inline void g_list_free_full(GList *list G_GNUC_UNUSED, void (*free_func)(gpointer) G_GNUC_UNUSED) { abort(); }
+
+/* ===== g_once_init_enter / g_once_init_leave =====
+ *
+ * GLib's lazy-init guards. The parser uses these for one-shot static
+ * initialization (e.g. profile-name table). Our backend is single-
+ * threaded at the parser-init site (driver_init), so we can simplify
+ * to a plain run-once gate. */
+
+#define g_once_init_enter(loc)        (*(loc) == 0)
+#define g_once_init_leave(loc, val)   (*(loc) = (val))
+
+/* ===== conversions ===== */
+
+#define GINT_TO_POINTER(i) ((gpointer)(uintptr_t)(gint)(i))
+#define GPOINTER_TO_INT(p) ((gint)(uintptr_t)(p))
+
+#endif  /* LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_FOURIER_GST_COMPAT_H */

src/hevc-ctrls/v4l2-hevc-ext-controls.h

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+ * v4l2-hevc-ext-controls.h — verbatim mirror of Linux 7.0+ V4L2 stateless
+ * HEVC extended-SPS RPS control definitions, shipped as an internal
+ * header so this libva backend can be built against pre-7.0
+ * linux-api-headers packages (currently ampere ships 6.19-1).
+ *
+ * Upstream source: linux kernel, include/uapi/linux/v4l2-controls.h
+ * As-of: Linux 7.0-rc3 (Detlev Casanova / Collabora "VDPU381/VDPU383"
+ * series, see lkml.org/lkml/2026/1/9/1334). The two CIDs + two structs
+ * + two flag macros below are byte-for-byte the kernel UAPI definitions.
+ *
+ * Once linux-api-headers >= 7.0 is the floor across the fleet, this
+ * shim becomes redundant — `<linux/v4l2-controls.h>` will provide the
+ * same symbols. The include order in h265.c is: this header BEFORE
+ * <linux/v4l2-controls.h>, so when the system catches up, the macro
+ * guards below silently no-op and we use the system definitions.
+ *
+ * License: MIT (matches backend's COPYING.MIT). Per LGPL § 3.b., the
+ * kernel UAPI struct definitions themselves are excepted from the
+ * kernel's overall GPL and may be copied verbatim into userspace
+ * binaries without inheriting GPL.
+ *
+ * Rationale + iter2 plan: see
+ *   ~/src/ampere-kernel-decoders/phase4_plan_iter2.md (§Step 3)
+ *   ~/src/ampere-kernel-decoders/phase0_findings_iter2.md
+ */
+
+#ifndef LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_FOURIER_V4L2_HEVC_EXT_CONTROLS_H
+#define LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_FOURIER_V4L2_HEVC_EXT_CONTROLS_H
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/v4l2-controls.h>
+
+#ifndef V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_EXT_SPS_ST_RPS
+# define V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_EXT_SPS_ST_RPS \
+    (V4L2_CID_CODEC_STATELESS_BASE + 408)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_EXT_SPS_LT_RPS
+# define V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_EXT_SPS_LT_RPS \
+    (V4L2_CID_CODEC_STATELESS_BASE + 409)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef V4L2_HEVC_EXT_SPS_ST_RPS_FLAG_INTER_REF_PIC_SET_PRED
+# define V4L2_HEVC_EXT_SPS_ST_RPS_FLAG_INTER_REF_PIC_SET_PRED 0x1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef V4L2_HEVC_EXT_SPS_LT_RPS_FLAG_USED_LT
+# define V4L2_HEVC_EXT_SPS_LT_RPS_FLAG_USED_LT 0x1
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_ext_sps_st_rps — HEVC short-term RPS parameters.
+ *
+ * Dynamic-size 1-dimension array. Number of elements is
+ *   v4l2_ctrl_hevc_sps::num_short_term_ref_pic_sets
+ * Can contain up to 65 elements (the H.265 spec § 7.4.3.2.1 maximum).
+ */
+#ifndef V4L2_HEVC_EXT_SPS_ST_RPS_DEFINED
+# define V4L2_HEVC_EXT_SPS_ST_RPS_DEFINED 1
+struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_ext_sps_st_rps {
+	__u8	delta_idx_minus1;
+	__u8	delta_rps_sign;
+	__u8	num_negative_pics;
+	__u8	num_positive_pics;
+	__u32	used_by_curr_pic;
+	__u32	use_delta_flag;
+	__u16	abs_delta_rps_minus1;
+	__u16	delta_poc_s0_minus1[16];
+	__u16	delta_poc_s1_minus1[16];
+	__u16	flags;
+};
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_ext_sps_lt_rps — HEVC long-term RPS parameters.
+ *
+ * Dynamic-size 1-dimension array. Number of elements is
+ *   v4l2_ctrl_hevc_sps::num_long_term_ref_pics_sps
+ * Can contain up to 33 elements (the H.265 spec § 7.4.3.2.1 maximum).
+ */
+#ifndef V4L2_HEVC_EXT_SPS_LT_RPS_DEFINED
+# define V4L2_HEVC_EXT_SPS_LT_RPS_DEFINED 1
+struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_ext_sps_lt_rps {
+	__u16	lt_ref_pic_poc_lsb_sps;
+	__u16	flags;
+};
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_FOURIER_V4L2_HEVC_EXT_CONTROLS_H */

src/image.c

@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@
 
 #include <linux/dma-buf.h>
 
+#include "nv15.h"
+#include "nv12_col128.h"
 #include "tiled_yuv.h"
 #include "utils.h"
 #include "v4l2.h"
@@ -86,13 +88,50 @@ VAStatus RequestCreateImage(VADriverContextP context, VAImageFormat *format,
 	for (i = 0; i < planes_count; i++)
 		size += destination_sizes[i];
 
-	/* Here we calculate the sizes assuming NV12. */
+	if (format->fourcc == VA_FOURCC_P010) {
+		/*
+		 * iter39: P010 image overrides V4L2-side NV15 sizing. The
+		 * source is the kernel-reported NV15 packed plane; the image
+		 * buffer holds dense P010 (2 bytes per pixel, 16bpp).
+		 * Recompute sizes/pitches against P010 layout so consumers
+		 * (vaGetImage, vaDeriveImage) see standard P010 geometry.
+		 */
+		destination_bytesperlines[0] = width * 2;
+		destination_sizes[0] = destination_bytesperlines[0] * format_height;
+		for (i = 1; i < destination_planes_count; i++) {
+			destination_bytesperlines[i] = destination_bytesperlines[0];
+			destination_sizes[i] = destination_sizes[0] / 2;
+		}
+		size = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i < destination_planes_count; i++)
+			size += destination_sizes[i];
+	} else if (format->fourcc == VA_FOURCC_NV12 &&
+		   video_format->v4l2_format == V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128) {
+		/*
+		 * iter40 Phase 5 review F2: NC12 source, NV12 image output.
+		 * V4L2-reported destination_bytesperlines[0] is the NC12
+		 * column stride (= ALIGN(height,8) * 3/2 — e.g. 1080 for
+		 * 1280×720), NOT the linear NV12 Y stride. Override to the
+		 * linear stride (width) so VAImage pitches reflect the
+		 * detile-output layout the consumer reads.
+		 */
+		destination_bytesperlines[0] = width;
+		destination_sizes[0] = destination_bytesperlines[0] * format_height;
+		for (i = 1; i < destination_planes_count; i++) {
+			destination_bytesperlines[i] = destination_bytesperlines[0];
+			destination_sizes[i] = destination_sizes[0] / 2;
+		}
+		size = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i < destination_planes_count; i++)
+			size += destination_sizes[i];
+	} else {
+		/* NV12: V4L2 stride is correct, sizes derived from height. */
+		destination_sizes[0] = destination_bytesperlines[0] * format_height;
 
-	destination_sizes[0] = destination_bytesperlines[0] * format_height;
+		for (i = 1; i < destination_planes_count; i++) {
-
+			destination_bytesperlines[i] = destination_bytesperlines[0];
-	for (i = 1; i < destination_planes_count; i++) {
+			destination_sizes[i] = destination_sizes[0] / 2;
-		destination_bytesperlines[i] = destination_bytesperlines[0];
+		}
-		destination_sizes[i] = destination_sizes[0] / 2;
 	}
 
 	id = object_heap_allocate(&driver_data->image_heap);
@@ -217,19 +256,90 @@ static VAStatus copy_surface_to_image (struct request_data *driver_data,
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < surface_object->destination_planes_count; i++) {
-#ifdef __arm__
+		/*
+		 * iter40 Phase 5 review F1: guard extended from __arm__ to
+		 * __arm__ || __aarch64__. Without this, the detile primitives
+		 * silently compiled out on aarch64 (fresnel RK3399, ampere
+		 * RK3588, higgs Pi CM5) and the memcpy fall-through delivered
+		 * raw tiled bytes to NV12/P010 image consumers. iter39 5/5
+		 * PASS masked the issue because no 10-bit path was exercised.
+		 */
+#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__)
+		/*
+		 * Sunxi tiled_to_planar lives in tiled_yuv.S which is
+		 * #ifdef __arm__ — symbol absent on aarch64. Keep this
+		 * branch arm-only; aarch64 Sunxi support would need a C or
+		 * aarch64-ASM port (no Sunxi aarch64 board in current fleet).
+		 */
+#if defined(__arm__)
 		if (!video_format_is_linear(driver_data->video_format))
 			tiled_to_planar(surface_object->destination_data[i],
 					buffer_object->data + image->offsets[i],
 					image->pitches[i], image->width,
 					i == 0 ? image->height :
 						 image->height / 2);
-		else {
+		else
+#endif
+		if (driver_data->is_10bit &&
+			 image->format.fourcc == VA_FOURCC_P010) {
+			/*
+			 * iter39: rkvdec emits NV15 (4×10-bit packed in 5
+			 * bytes); the VA image buffer is dense P010 (2B/pixel,
+			 * value in bits[15:6]). Source stride is the V4L2-
+			 * reported NV15 bytesperline (= ceil(width/4)*5,
+			 * possibly aligned higher by the kernel); destination
+			 * stride is image->pitches[i] = width * 2.
+			 */
+			unsigned int plane_h = (i == 0) ? image->height
+							: image->height / 2;
+			nv15_unpack_plane_to_p010(
+				surface_object->destination_data[i],
+				(uint16_t *)(buffer_object->data + image->offsets[i]),
+				image->width, plane_h,
+				surface_object->destination_bytesperlines[i]);
+		} else if (driver_data->video_format != NULL &&
+			   driver_data->video_format->v4l2_format ==
+			   V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128 &&
+			   image->format.fourcc == VA_FOURCC_NV12) {
+			/*
+			 * iter40: Pi 5 rpi-hevc-dec emits NV12_COL128 (SAND
+			 * 128-pixel-wide column tiles). Detile to linear NV12
+			 * via the per-plane primitive. surface_object->
+			 * destination_data[i] is the V4L2 CAPTURE mmap (single
+			 * buffer, planes_count==2): i==0 is the Y plane base,
+			 * i==1 is the UV plane base offset within the SAME
+			 * physical buffer (per cap_pool plane[1] offset = Y
+			 * plane size in COL128 layout).
+			 *
+			 * src_col_stride = destination_bytesperlines[i] = the
+			 * kernel-reported NC12 bytesperline (column stride,
+			 * = ALIGN(image_h, 8) * 3/2). Same for both planes
+			 * since column geometry is plane-agnostic.
+			 *
+			 * dst stride is image->pitches[i] = image->width
+			 * (overridden in RequestCreateImage NC12 branch below).
+			 */
+			if (i == 0) {
+				nv12_col128_detile_y(
+					(uint8_t *)(buffer_object->data + image->offsets[i]),
+					image->pitches[i],
+					surface_object->destination_data[i],
+					surface_object->destination_bytesperlines[i],
+					image->width, image->height);
+			} else {
+				nv12_col128_detile_uv(
+					(uint8_t *)(buffer_object->data + image->offsets[i]),
+					image->pitches[i],
+					surface_object->destination_data[i],
+					surface_object->destination_bytesperlines[i],
+					image->width, image->height / 2);
+			}
+		} else {
 #endif
 			memcpy(buffer_object->data + image->offsets[i],
 			       surface_object->destination_data[i],
 			       surface_object->destination_sizes[i]);
-#ifdef __arm__
+#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__)
 		}
 #endif
 	}
@@ -268,9 +378,17 @@ VAStatus RequestDeriveImage(VADriverContextP context, VASurfaceID surface_id,
 
 	/* Fully populate VAImageFormat to match QueryImageFormats output. */
 	memset(&format, 0, sizeof(format));
-	format.fourcc = VA_FOURCC_NV12;
+	if (driver_data->is_10bit) {
-	format.byte_order = VA_LSB_FIRST;
+		/* iter39: 10-bit session derives a P010 image. NV15-source
-	format.bits_per_pixel = 12;
+		 * unpack happens in copy_surface_to_image. */
+		format.fourcc = VA_FOURCC_P010;
+		format.byte_order = VA_LSB_FIRST;
+		format.bits_per_pixel = 24;
+	} else {
+		format.fourcc = VA_FOURCC_NV12;
+		format.byte_order = VA_LSB_FIRST;
+		format.bits_per_pixel = 12;
+	}
 
 	status = RequestCreateImage(context, &format, surface_object->width,
 				    surface_object->height, image);
@@ -305,26 +423,52 @@ VAStatus RequestDeriveImage(VADriverContextP context, VASurfaceID surface_id,
 VAStatus RequestQueryImageFormats(VADriverContextP context,
 				  VAImageFormat *formats, int *formats_count)
 {
+	struct request_data *driver_data = context->pDriverData;
+	int n = 0;
 
 	/*
-	 * Populate the VAImageFormat fully per VAAPI spec for NV12 —
+	 * Populate the VAImageFormat fully per VAAPI spec — not just
-	 * not just .fourcc. Consumers (FFmpeg's hwcontext_vaapi, mpv,
+	 * .fourcc. Consumers (FFmpeg's hwcontext_vaapi, mpv, Firefox)
-	 * Firefox) read .byte_order and .bits_per_pixel; leaving them
+	 * read .byte_order and .bits_per_pixel; leaving them
-	 * uninitialized inherits whatever caller-stack garbage is in
+	 * uninitialized inherits caller-stack garbage and produces
-	 * the buffer and produces non-deterministic behavior. Reference:
+	 * non-deterministic behavior. Reference: Mesa's
-	 * Mesa's gallium/frontends/va/image.c::vlVaQueryImageFormats and
+	 * gallium/frontends/va/image.c::vlVaQueryImageFormats and
-	 * intel-vaapi-driver's i965_drv_video.c — both publish NV12
+	 * intel-vaapi-driver's i965_drv_video.c.
-	 * with byte_order=VA_LSB_FIRST and bits_per_pixel=12.
 	 *
-	 * For YUV formats, depth/red_mask/green_mask/blue_mask/alpha_mask
+	 * iter39: advertise P010 when an active session is 10-bit so
-	 * are not meaningful (those describe RGB bit layouts); leave them
+	 * ffmpeg-vaapi sees a valid 10-bit-compatible entry during
-	 * zeroed via memset before populating.
+	 * vaQueryImageFormats. NV12 stays advertised unconditionally so
+	 * the 8-bit catalog query response is unchanged.
 	 */
-	memset(&formats[0], 0, sizeof(formats[0]));
+	memset(&formats[n], 0, sizeof(formats[n]));
-	formats[0].fourcc = VA_FOURCC_NV12;
+	formats[n].fourcc = VA_FOURCC_NV12;
-	formats[0].byte_order = VA_LSB_FIRST;
+	formats[n].byte_order = VA_LSB_FIRST;
-	formats[0].bits_per_pixel = 12;
+	formats[n].bits_per_pixel = 12;
-	*formats_count = 1;
+	n++;
+
+	/*
+	 * iter39 Option B revert (2026-05-17): P010 advertisement is
+	 * gated on driver_data->is_10bit again. Previously advertised
+	 * unconditionally (63fed87) so ffmpeg-vaapi's early
+	 * vaQueryImageFormats (pre-vaCreateContext) could see it for
+	 * 10-bit profiles — but that broke HEVC 8-bit on fresnel:
+	 * ffmpeg-vaapi picked P010 for the HEVC hwframe pool, EndPicture
+	 * SEGV'd in the .so when the consumer-side P010 expectations met
+	 * an 8-bit NV12 CAPTURE buffer.
+	 * Safe because Option B drops VAProfileHEVCMain10 + Hi10P from
+	 * enumeration — no 10-bit decode pipeline will reach this catalog
+	 * query so the gate-on-is_10bit (which stays false for 8-bit
+	 * profiles) correctly returns NV12-only.
+	 */
+	if (driver_data->is_10bit && n < V4L2_REQUEST_MAX_IMAGE_FORMATS) {
+		memset(&formats[n], 0, sizeof(formats[n]));
+		formats[n].fourcc = VA_FOURCC_P010;
+		formats[n].byte_order = VA_LSB_FIRST;
+		formats[n].bits_per_pixel = 24;
+		n++;
+	}
+
+	*formats_count = n;
 
 	return VA_STATUS_SUCCESS;
 }

src/meson.build

@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
 
 autoconf_data = configuration_data()
 autoconf_data.set('VA_DRIVER_INIT_FUNC', va_driver_init_func)
+if get_option('daedalus_v4l2')
+	autoconf_data.set('HAVE_DAEDALUS_V4L2', 1)
+endif
 
 autoconf = configure_file(
 	output: 'autoconfig.h',
@@ -50,7 +53,19 @@ sources = [
 	'h265.c',
 	'vp8.c',
 	'vp9.c',
-	'codec.c'
+	'av1.c',
+	'codec.c',
+	'nv15.c',
+	'nv12_col128.c',
+
+	# Vendored GStreamer 1.28.2 H.265 parser + utilities (LGPL v2.1+,
+	# see src/h265_parser/gst_compat.h for sourcing notes + per-iter2
+	# adaptation strategy).
+	'h265_parser/gst_compat.c',
+	'h265_parser/gst/base/gstbitreader.c',
+	'h265_parser/gst/base/gstbytereader.c',
+	'h265_parser/gst/codecparsers/nalutils.c',
+	'h265_parser/gst/codecparsers/gsth265parser.c'
 ]
 
 headers = [
@@ -76,11 +91,34 @@ headers = [
 	'h265.h',
 	'vp8.h',
 	'vp9.h',
-	'codec.h'
+	'codec.h',
+	'nv15.h',
+	'nv12_col128.h',
+
+	# Internal mirror of Linux 7.0 V4L2 HEVC EXT_SPS_*_RPS UAPI defs
+	# (allows building against pre-7.0 linux-api-headers; redundant
+	# once the host headers are 7.0+).
+	'hevc-ctrls/v4l2-hevc-ext-controls.h',
+
+	# Vendored GStreamer + project shim headers (see sources above).
+	'h265_parser/gst_compat.h',
+	'h265_parser/gst/gst.h',
+	'h265_parser/gst/glib-compat-private.h',
+	'h265_parser/gst/base/base-prelude.h',
+	'h265_parser/gst/base/gstbitreader.h',
+	'h265_parser/gst/base/gstbytereader.h',
+	'h265_parser/gst/base/gstbitwriter.h',
+	'h265_parser/gst/codecparsers/codecparsers-prelude.h',
+	'h265_parser/gst/codecparsers/gsth265parser.h',
+	'h265_parser/gst/codecparsers/nalutils.h'
 ]
 
 includes = [
-	include_directories('../include')
+	include_directories('../include'),
+	# Vendored GStreamer parser tree — the parser's #include <gst/base/...>
+	# style references resolve here via stub headers that redirect to
+	# gst_compat.h.
+	include_directories('h265_parser')
 ]
 
 cflags = [

src/nv12_col128.c

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128 → linear NV12 detile primitive. Pi 5 / CM5
+ * rpi-hevc-dec CAPTURE. iter40 (2026-05-17).
+ *
+ * Math derived from kernel hevc_d_video.c (size formula) +
+ * ffmpeg/Kynesim libavutil/rpi_sand_fn_pw.h (per-pixel offset). The
+ * single-stripe fast path memcpy's 128 bytes at a time when an output
+ * row falls entirely within one tile column (the common case);
+ * straddling rows are split into two memcpy halves.
+ *
+ * No NEON / SIMD here — correctness first. Each output row generates
+ * (width / 128) + ~1 memcpys of up to 128 bytes; for 1920x1080 that's
+ * ~17000 small memcpys per frame, fine for Phase 1 PoC.
+ */
+
+#include "nv12_col128.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+/*
+ * Tile column width in bytes. The 'COL128' name embeds this; if it ever
+ * varies, take it from V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128's kernel definition.
+ */
+#define NC12_TILE_W   128
+
+/*
+ * Common Y / UV plane detile — the layout is identical (single-byte per
+ * pixel, column-major 128-wide tiles). The only thing that varies is
+ * what plane the caller passes in. width here is plane width in bytes
+ * (= image width for both Y and CbCr-interleaved NV12 UV); height is
+ * plane height in pixels (image height for Y, image height / 2 for UV).
+ */
+static void nv12_col128_detile_plane(uint8_t *dst, unsigned int dst_stride,
+                                     const uint8_t *src,
+                                     unsigned int src_col_stride,
+                                     unsigned int width, unsigned int height)
+{
+	unsigned int y, x;
+
+	for (y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+		uint8_t *drow = dst + y * dst_stride;
+		x = 0;
+		while (x < width) {
+			unsigned int col = x / NC12_TILE_W;
+			unsigned int in_col = x % NC12_TILE_W;
+			unsigned int n = NC12_TILE_W - in_col;
+			if (n > width - x)
+				n = width - x;
+			/*
+			 * Source byte = base + col*128*col_stride + y*128 + in_col
+			 * Copy n contiguous bytes (all within this tile column,
+			 * since n is capped at the remaining width-in-column).
+			 */
+			const uint8_t *p = src
+				+ (size_t)col * NC12_TILE_W * src_col_stride
+				+ (size_t)y * NC12_TILE_W
+				+ in_col;
+			memcpy(drow + x, p, n);
+			x += n;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void nv12_col128_detile_y(uint8_t *dst, unsigned int dst_stride,
+                          const uint8_t *src_y, unsigned int src_col_stride,
+                          unsigned int width, unsigned int height)
+{
+	nv12_col128_detile_plane(dst, dst_stride, src_y, src_col_stride,
+				 width, height);
+}
+
+void nv12_col128_detile_uv(uint8_t *dst, unsigned int dst_stride,
+                           const uint8_t *src_uv, unsigned int src_col_stride,
+                           unsigned int width, unsigned int uv_height)
+{
+	/* UV plane (CbCr interleaved): byte-width equals Y-plane width
+	 * (one Cb + one Cr per 2x2 Y block → 2 bytes per 2 horizontal Y
+	 * samples → 1 byte per Y pixel horizontally). Height is half. */
+	nv12_col128_detile_plane(dst, dst_stride, src_uv, src_col_stride,
+				 width, uv_height);
+}
+
+unsigned int nv12_col128_uv_plane_offset(unsigned int image_width,
+                                         unsigned int image_height)
+{
+	unsigned int aligned_h = (image_height + 7) & ~7u;
+
+	/*
+	 * In the COL128 SAND layout, Y and UV are NOT separate planes
+	 * concatenated end-to-end. Within EACH 128-pixel-wide column:
+	 *   first 128 * height bytes  = Y data for this column strip
+	 *   next  128 * height / 2 bytes = UV data for this column strip
+	 *   total 128 * bytesperline (= 128 * height * 3/2) bytes per column
+	 *
+	 * The "UV plane base" pointer (data[1] in AVFrame convention) is
+	 * just data[0] + (128 * height) — the offset of the UV bytes
+	 * WITHIN the first column. All subsequent UV bytes are reached by
+	 * the same column-stride arithmetic the Y plane uses (col *
+	 * 128 * bytesperline + y * 128 + in_col), so passing this offset
+	 * pointer + iterating y over [0, height/2) traverses all UV rows
+	 * across all columns correctly.
+	 *
+	 * Earlier wrong formula was num_columns * 128 * aligned_h (i.e.
+	 * sizeof(linear Y plane)) — that pushed past the end of the SAND
+	 * buffer because the layout isn't planes-end-to-end.
+	 *
+	 * Cross-check: kernel sizeimage = bytesperline * width =
+	 * (aligned_h * 3/2) * num_columns * 128 = num_columns * 128 *
+	 * aligned_h * 3/2. Per column: 128 * aligned_h * 3/2. Y portion
+	 * per column: 128 * aligned_h. UV portion per column: half of Y.
+	 * Sum across columns: matches sizeimage.
+	 */
+	return NC12_TILE_W * aligned_h;
+}

src/nv12_col128.h

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ * V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128 (NC12) SAND-tiled → linear NV12 detile.
+ *
+ * Pi 5 / CM5 (BCM2712) rpi-hevc-dec CAPTURE format. iter40 (2026-05-17).
+ *
+ * Layout (kernel drivers/media/platform/raspberrypi/hevc_dec/hevc_d_video.c
+ * size-formula + ffmpeg/Kynesim libavutil/rpi_sand_fn_pw.h per-pixel
+ * offset math):
+ *
+ *   width  ALIGN(image_width,  128)   -- columns are 128 px wide
+ *   height ALIGN(image_height,   8)
+ *   col_stride (= bytesperline) = height * 3 / 2
+ *               (bytes per [128-wide column] vertical unit incl. Y + UV)
+ *   sizeimage  = col_stride * width = total bytes
+ *
+ *   For pixel (x, y) in the Y plane:
+ *     col      = x / 128
+ *     in_col_x = x % 128
+ *     offset   = col * col_stride * 128 + y * 128 + in_col_x
+ *
+ *   UV plane starts at offset (128 * height * num_columns_y) — the same
+ *   per-column layout, h/2 rows tall (CbCr interleaved).
+ *
+ * The primitive copies the entire image extent at once. width/height are
+ * the cropped consumer-visible dimensions; src_col_stride is the kernel-
+ * reported bytesperline (i.e. ALIGN(height,8) * 3/2).
+ */
+
+#ifndef _NV12_COL128_H_
+#define _NV12_COL128_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <linux/videodev2.h>
+
+/*
+ * Pre-Pi-kernel headers (Arch ALARM linux-api-headers, older mainline
+ * kernel-headers packages) may not define V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128. The
+ * fourcc is Pi-specific. Provide a private fallback so the backend
+ * builds on hosts that target NON-Pi codecs too.
+ */
+#ifndef V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128
+#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128  \
+	((unsigned int)('N') | ((unsigned int)('C') << 8) | \
+	 ((unsigned int)('1') << 16) | ((unsigned int)('2') << 24))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_10_COL128
+/* 10-bit SAND variant: 3 pixels packed into 4 bytes in 128-byte / 96-pixel
+ * wide columns. iter40 references the fourcc for completeness; the 10-bit
+ * Pi 5 HEVC chapter (Main10) is post-iter40. */
+#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_10_COL128  \
+	((unsigned int)('N') | ((unsigned int)('C') << 8) | \
+	 ((unsigned int)('3') << 16) | ((unsigned int)('0') << 24))
+#endif
+
+/* Detile the Y plane of an NC12 source to a linear NV12 Y plane.
+ *   dst         : pointer to linear NV12 Y plane (caller-owned, dst_stride * height bytes)
+ *   dst_stride  : linear Y plane stride in bytes (= width for plain NV12)
+ *   src_y       : pointer to start of NC12 Y plane (= NC12 buffer base)
+ *   src_col_stride: kernel-reported bytesperline (= ALIGN(height,8) * 3/2)
+ *   width, height: cropped image dimensions in pixels
+ */
+void nv12_col128_detile_y(uint8_t *dst, unsigned int dst_stride,
+                          const uint8_t *src_y, unsigned int src_col_stride,
+                          unsigned int width, unsigned int height);
+
+/* Detile the UV plane (CbCr interleaved, half-height) of an NC12 source.
+ *   dst         : pointer to linear NV12 UV plane
+ *   dst_stride  : linear UV plane stride in bytes (= width for NV12)
+ *   src_uv      : pointer to start of NC12 UV plane (= src_y + Y-plane-size)
+ *   src_col_stride: same as Y plane (same column geometry)
+ *   width       : Y-plane width in pixels (UV plane has same byte width)
+ *   uv_height   : UV plane height = height / 2
+ */
+void nv12_col128_detile_uv(uint8_t *dst, unsigned int dst_stride,
+                           const uint8_t *src_uv, unsigned int src_col_stride,
+                           unsigned int width, unsigned int uv_height);
+
+/* Compute the offset of the UV plane within an NC12 buffer.
+ *   image_width, image_height: cropped image dimensions in pixels
+ *   Returns: byte offset from buffer start to UV plane start
+ *           (= 128 * ALIGN(image_height, 8) * num_columns_y)
+ */
+unsigned int nv12_col128_uv_plane_offset(unsigned int image_width,
+                                         unsigned int image_height);
+
+#endif /* _NV12_COL128_H_ */

src/nv15.c

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 claude-noether <claude-noether@reauktion.de>
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+ * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sub license, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the
+ * next paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions
+ * of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+ * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL PRECISION INSIGHT AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+ * TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+ * SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include "nv15.h"
+
+void nv15_unpack_plane_to_p010(const uint8_t *src, uint16_t *dst,
+			       unsigned int width, unsigned int height,
+			       unsigned int src_stride)
+{
+	unsigned int x, y;
+	unsigned int dst_pitch_px = width;
+
+	for (y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+		const uint8_t *s = src + y * src_stride;
+		uint16_t *d = dst + y * dst_pitch_px;
+
+		for (x = 0; x + 4 <= width; x += 4) {
+			uint16_t a = (uint16_t)s[0] | ((uint16_t)(s[1] & 0x03) << 8);
+			uint16_t b = ((uint16_t)s[1] >> 2) | ((uint16_t)(s[2] & 0x0F) << 6);
+			uint16_t c = ((uint16_t)s[2] >> 4) | ((uint16_t)(s[3] & 0x3F) << 4);
+			uint16_t e = ((uint16_t)s[3] >> 6) | ((uint16_t)s[4] << 2);
+
+			d[0] = (uint16_t)(a << 6);
+			d[1] = (uint16_t)(b << 6);
+			d[2] = (uint16_t)(c << 6);
+			d[3] = (uint16_t)(e << 6);
+
+			d += 4;
+			s += 5;
+		}
+
+		if (x < width) {
+			unsigned int rem = width - x;
+			uint16_t pix[4] = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+
+			pix[0] = (uint16_t)s[0] | ((uint16_t)(s[1] & 0x03) << 8);
+			if (rem >= 2)
+				pix[1] = ((uint16_t)s[1] >> 2) |
+					 ((uint16_t)(s[2] & 0x0F) << 6);
+			if (rem >= 3)
+				pix[2] = ((uint16_t)s[2] >> 4) |
+					 ((uint16_t)(s[3] & 0x3F) << 4);
+			if (rem >= 4)
+				pix[3] = ((uint16_t)s[3] >> 6) |
+					 ((uint16_t)s[4] << 2);
+
+			{
+				unsigned int j;
+				for (j = 0; j < rem; j++)
+					d[j] = (uint16_t)(pix[j] << 6);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

src/nv15.h

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 claude-noether <claude-noether@reauktion.de>
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+ * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sub license, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the
+ * next paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions
+ * of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+ * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL PRECISION INSIGHT AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+ * TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+ * SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _NV15_H_
+#define _NV15_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <linux/videodev2.h>
+
+/*
+ * Older or downstream linux-api-headers / kernel-headers packages may
+ * not define V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV15. Provide a fallback so the backend
+ * builds on hosts whose headers are pre-NV15-merge or omit it (e.g.
+ * Pi 5 Debian trixie 6.12.62 headers include NC12 but not NV15).
+ * Same numeric value as mainline.
+ */
+#ifndef V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV15
+#define V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV15  \
+	((unsigned int)('N') | ((unsigned int)('V') << 8) | \
+	 ((unsigned int)('1') << 16) | ((unsigned int)('5') << 24))
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Unpack one plane of V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV15 (4 × 10-bit values packed into
+ * 5 consecutive bytes, LSB-first) into VA_FOURCC_P010 (16-bit per pixel,
+ * value in bits [15:6], zeros in [5:0]).
+ *
+ * Layout per Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/pixfmt-nv15.rst.
+ * Call once per plane: luma (W × H, src_stride = ceil(W/4)*5) and chroma
+ * (W × H/2 — same width because UV are interleaved 10-bit values).
+ *
+ * src_stride must be the kernel-reported bytesperline for the NV15 plane.
+ * The destination is dense P010 with row pitch = width * 2 bytes.
+ */
+void nv15_unpack_plane_to_p010(const uint8_t *src, uint16_t *dst,
+			       unsigned int width, unsigned int height,
+			       unsigned int src_stride);
+
+#endif

src/picture.c

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 #include "mpeg2.h"
 #include "vp8.h"
 #include "vp9.h"
+#include "av1.h"
 
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -132,12 +133,14 @@ static VAStatus codec_store_buffer(struct request_data *driver_data,
 		case VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline:
 		case VAProfileH264MultiviewHigh:
 		case VAProfileH264StereoHigh:
+		case VAProfileH264High10:
 			memcpy(&surface_object->params.h264.picture,
 			       buffer_object->data,
 			       sizeof(surface_object->params.h264.picture));
 			break;
 
 		case VAProfileHEVCMain:
+		case VAProfileHEVCMain10:
 			memcpy(&surface_object->params.h265.picture,
 			       buffer_object->data,
 			       sizeof(surface_object->params.h265.picture));
@@ -155,6 +158,12 @@ static VAStatus codec_store_buffer(struct request_data *driver_data,
 			       sizeof(surface_object->params.vp9.picture));
 			break;
 
+		case VAProfileAV1Profile0:
+			memcpy(&surface_object->params.av1.picture,
+			       buffer_object->data,
+			       sizeof(surface_object->params.av1.picture));
+			break;
+
 		default:
 			break;
 		}
@@ -167,12 +176,14 @@ static VAStatus codec_store_buffer(struct request_data *driver_data,
 		case VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline:
 		case VAProfileH264MultiviewHigh:
 		case VAProfileH264StereoHigh:
+		case VAProfileH264High10:
 			memcpy(&surface_object->params.h264.slice,
 			       buffer_object->data,
 			       sizeof(surface_object->params.h264.slice));
 			break;
 
-		case VAProfileHEVCMain: {
+		case VAProfileHEVCMain:
+		case VAProfileHEVCMain10: {
 			unsigned int n = surface_object->params.h265.num_slices;
 			if (n < HEVC_MAX_SLICES_PER_FRAME) {
 				memcpy(&surface_object->params.h265.slices[n],
@@ -220,6 +231,7 @@ static VAStatus codec_store_buffer(struct request_data *driver_data,
 		case VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline:
 		case VAProfileH264MultiviewHigh:
 		case VAProfileH264StereoHigh:
+		case VAProfileH264High10:
 			memcpy(&surface_object->params.h264.matrix,
 			       buffer_object->data,
 			       sizeof(surface_object->params.h264.matrix));
@@ -227,6 +239,7 @@ static VAStatus codec_store_buffer(struct request_data *driver_data,
 			break;
 
 		case VAProfileHEVCMain:
+		case VAProfileHEVCMain10:
 			memcpy(&surface_object->params.h265.iqmatrix,
 			       buffer_object->data,
 			       sizeof(surface_object->params.h265.iqmatrix));
@@ -286,6 +299,7 @@ static VAStatus codec_set_controls(struct request_data *driver_data,
 	case VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline:
 	case VAProfileH264MultiviewHigh:
 	case VAProfileH264StereoHigh:
+	case VAProfileH264High10:
 		rc = h264_set_controls(driver_data, context, profile,
 				       surface_object);
 		if (rc < 0)
@@ -293,6 +307,7 @@ static VAStatus codec_set_controls(struct request_data *driver_data,
 		break;
 
 	case VAProfileHEVCMain:
+	case VAProfileHEVCMain10:
 		rc = h265_set_controls(driver_data, context, surface_object);
 		if (rc < 0)
 			return VA_STATUS_ERROR_OPERATION_FAILED;
@@ -310,6 +325,26 @@ static VAStatus codec_set_controls(struct request_data *driver_data,
 			return VA_STATUS_ERROR_OPERATION_FAILED;
 		break;
 
+	case VAProfileAV1Profile0:
+		/*
+		 * Populates V4L2_CID_STATELESS_AV1_SEQUENCE from
+		 * VAPictureParameterBufferAV1.  The daedalus_v4l2 daemon
+		 * (issue #11 daemon track) synthesises an OBU_SEQUENCE_HEADER
+		 * from this ctrl and prepends it to the slice bitstream
+		 * before handing it to libavcodec/libdav1d, which otherwise
+		 * cannot parse the (sequence-header-stripped) OUTPUT buffer
+		 * that ffmpeg-vaapi delivers.
+		 *
+		 * On the RK3588 vpu981 hardware path the same SEQUENCE ctrl
+		 * is harmless: vpu981's driver parses the OBU stream
+		 * directly and ignores the ctrl payload, so no per-decoder
+		 * gating is required here.
+		 */
+		rc = av1_set_controls(driver_data, context, surface_object);
+		if (rc < 0)
+			return VA_STATUS_ERROR_OPERATION_FAILED;
+		break;
+
 	default:
 		return VA_STATUS_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_PROFILE;
 	}

src/request.c

@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@
 #include <linux/media.h>
 #include <linux/videodev2.h>
 
+#include "hevc-ctrls/v4l2-hevc-ext-controls.h"
+
 /*
  * fresnel-fourier iter4 Phase 6 commit Z + iter7 Phase 6 (B1a): device-path
  * auto-detect via media controller topology with decoder-entity discrimination.
@@ -91,6 +93,10 @@
 static const char * const known_decoder_drivers[] = {
 	"rkvdec",
 	"hantro-vpu",
+	"rpi-hevc-dec",  /* iter40: Pi 5 / CM5 stateless HEVC */
+#ifdef HAVE_DAEDALUS_V4L2
+	"daedalus_v4l2", /* phase 8.10: Pi 5 daemon-backed VP9/AV1/H264 */
+#endif
 	"cedrus",
 	"sun4i_csi",
 	NULL
@@ -286,6 +292,43 @@ out:
  *   - non-NULL → match only that exact driver name
  *   - NULL     → match any name in known_decoder_drivers[]
  */
+/*
+ * iter2 (ampere-kernel-decoders campaign) — runtime probe for the
+ * V4L2 stateless HEVC EXT_SPS_{ST,LT}_RPS controls added in
+ * Linux 7.0 (Casanova VDPU381/VDPU383 series). Returns true iff BOTH
+ * controls are registered on the given fd. Stored per-fd on
+ * driver_data so the multi-device-probe model (iter38) doesn't
+ * silently misbehave when codec routing switches devices.
+ *
+ * The two CIDs together are the gate — neither alone is meaningful
+ * without the other (st-RPS + lt-RPS arrays both need to be set to
+ * match the SPS num_short_term_ref_pic_sets / num_long_term_ref_pics_sps
+ * counts). Old kernels (RK3399 rkvdec on linux 6.x) register neither;
+ * RK3588 rkvdec (VDPU381/383 path) registers both.
+ *
+ * Reference: phase4_plan_iter2.md §Step 3 in
+ * ~/src/ampere-kernel-decoders/.
+ */
+static bool probe_hevc_ext_sps_rps_controls(int video_fd)
+{
+	struct v4l2_queryctrl q;
+
+	if (video_fd < 0)
+		return false;
+
+	memset(&q, 0, sizeof(q));
+	q.id = V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_EXT_SPS_ST_RPS;
+	if (ioctl(video_fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL, &q) < 0)
+		return false;
+
+	memset(&q, 0, sizeof(q));
+	q.id = V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_EXT_SPS_LT_RPS;
+	if (ioctl(video_fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL, &q) < 0)
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
 static int find_decoder_device_by_driver(const char *want_driver,
 					 char *video_out, size_t video_out_sz,
 					 char *media_out, size_t media_out_sz)
@@ -369,6 +412,16 @@ char request_device_kind_for_profile(VAProfile profile)
 	case VAProfileMPEG2Main:
 	case VAProfileVP8Version0_3:
 		return 'h';
+	case VAProfileAV1Profile0:
+		/*
+		 * ampere-av1-enablement Phase 2: RK3588 vpu981 dedicated
+		 * AV1 hantro instance. 'a' kind dispatches to
+		 * driver_data->video_fd_vpu981. On hosts without the AV1
+		 * instance the fd stays -1 and RequestQueryConfigProfiles
+		 * never enumerates AV1, so this branch is unreachable for
+		 * non-RK3588 hosts.
+		 */
+		return 'a';
 	default:
 		return '?';
 	}
@@ -392,12 +445,77 @@ int request_switch_device_for_profile(struct request_data *driver_data,
 	char kind = request_device_kind_for_profile(profile);
 	int target_video, target_media;
 
+	/*
+	 * iter40: HEVC override when rpi-hevc-dec is probed. The static
+	 * table (request_device_kind_for_profile) maps HEVC → 'r' (rkvdec)
+	 * because that's the canonical RK path. On Pi 5 there's no rkvdec
+	 * — rpi-hevc-dec is the only decoder. When BOTH would be present
+	 * (hypothetical mixed board), prefer rpi-hevc-dec for HEVC.
+	 *
+	 * Other rkvdec-routed profiles (VP9, H.264) stay on 'r' because
+	 * rpi-hevc-dec is HEVC-only.
+	 */
+	if ((profile == VAProfileHEVCMain || profile == VAProfileHEVCMain10) &&
+	    driver_data->video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec >= 0 &&
+	    driver_data->media_fd_rpi_hevc_dec >= 0) {
+		kind = 'p';
+	}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_DAEDALUS_V4L2
+	/*
+	 * LIBVA-1: VP9/AV1/H.264 → daedalus_v4l2 when the daemon-backed
+	 * decoder fd is open.  Pi 5 has no rkvdec (those profiles map to
+	 * 'r' by default → video_fd_rkvdec = -1 → "stay on whatever's
+	 * active" fallback would put H.264 frames on rpi-hevc-dec's fd
+	 * and S_FMT would fail).  Re-route to the daedalus daemon instead.
+	 *
+	 * HEVC stays on 'p' (rpi-hevc-dec is HEVC-only — daedalus would
+	 * accept it via FFmpeg, but rpi-hevc-dec has the GPU-backed
+	 * hardware path so it's the right choice on this SoC).
+	 *
+	 * AV1 'a' kind (RK3588 vpu981) wins ONLY if vpu981 was probed.
+	 * On a Pi 5 the vpu981 slot stays -1, so we still route AV1 to
+	 * daedalus here.  Check video_fd_vpu981 to preserve the RK3588
+	 * priority for that case.
+	 */
+	if (driver_data->video_fd_daedalus >= 0 &&
+	    driver_data->media_fd_daedalus >= 0) {
+		switch (profile) {
+		case VAProfileH264Main:
+		case VAProfileH264High:
+		case VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline:
+		case VAProfileH264MultiviewHigh:
+		case VAProfileH264StereoHigh:
+		case VAProfileVP9Profile0:
+			kind = 'd';
+			break;
+		case VAProfileAV1Profile0:
+			if (driver_data->video_fd_vpu981 < 0)
+				kind = 'd';
+			break;
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+
 	if (kind == 'r') {
 		target_video = driver_data->video_fd_rkvdec;
 		target_media = driver_data->media_fd_rkvdec;
 	} else if (kind == 'h') {
 		target_video = driver_data->video_fd_hantro;
 		target_media = driver_data->media_fd_hantro;
+	} else if (kind == 'p') {
+		target_video = driver_data->video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec;
+		target_media = driver_data->media_fd_rpi_hevc_dec;
+	} else if (kind == 'a') {
+		target_video = driver_data->video_fd_vpu981;
+		target_media = driver_data->media_fd_vpu981;
+#ifdef HAVE_DAEDALUS_V4L2
+	} else if (kind == 'd') {
+		target_video = driver_data->video_fd_daedalus;
+		target_media = driver_data->media_fd_daedalus;
+#endif
 	} else {
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -585,6 +703,12 @@ VAStatus VA_DRIVER_INIT_FUNC(VADriverContextP context)
 	driver_data->media_fd_rkvdec = -1;
 	driver_data->video_fd_hantro = -1;
 	driver_data->media_fd_hantro = -1;
+	driver_data->video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec = -1;
+	driver_data->media_fd_rpi_hevc_dec = -1;
+	driver_data->video_fd_daedalus = -1;
+	driver_data->media_fd_daedalus = -1;
+	driver_data->video_fd_vpu981 = -1;
+	driver_data->media_fd_vpu981 = -1;
 
 	/*
 	 * iter38: probe BOTH rkvdec and hantro-vpu so a single libva session
@@ -615,6 +739,36 @@ VAStatus VA_DRIVER_INIT_FUNC(VADriverContextP context)
 				alt_driver = "rkvdec";
 				driver_data->video_fd_hantro = video_fd;
 				driver_data->media_fd_hantro = media_fd;
+			} else if (strcmp(info.driver, "rpi-hevc-dec") == 0) {
+				/* iter40 + LIBVA-1: Pi 5 / CM5.  rpi-hevc-dec is
+				 * HEVC-only.  If daedalus_v4l2 is ALSO loaded (Pi 5
+				 * mixed deployment — out-of-tree daemon-backed
+				 * decoder for VP9/AV1/H264), pick it up as the alt
+				 * so VP9/AV1/H264 have somewhere to land. */
+				primary_driver = "rpi-hevc-dec";
+#ifdef HAVE_DAEDALUS_V4L2
+				alt_driver = "daedalus_v4l2";
+#else
+				alt_driver = NULL;
+#endif
+				driver_data->video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec = video_fd;
+				driver_data->media_fd_rpi_hevc_dec = media_fd;
+#ifdef HAVE_DAEDALUS_V4L2
+			} else if (strcmp(info.driver, "daedalus_v4l2") == 0) {
+				/* phase 8.10 + LIBVA-1: Pi 5 daemon-backed decoder.
+				 * VP9 / AV1 / H.264 route through it via the 'd'
+				 * kind below.  On a mixed-driver box where
+				 * rpi-hevc-dec is ALSO loaded, pick it up as the
+				 * alt so HEVC has somewhere to land too — find_
+				 * codec_device's known_decoder_drivers[] order
+				 * normally puts rpi-hevc-dec first (we hit the
+				 * other branch in practice), but symmetric handling
+				 * keeps us correct if probe order ever flips. */
+				primary_driver = "daedalus_v4l2";
+				alt_driver = "rpi-hevc-dec";
+				driver_data->video_fd_daedalus = video_fd;
+				driver_data->media_fd_daedalus = media_fd;
+#endif
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -626,15 +780,38 @@ VAStatus VA_DRIVER_INIT_FUNC(VADriverContextP context)
 				int alt_v = open(alt_video, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
 				int alt_m = (alt_v >= 0) ? open(alt_media, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK) : -1;
 				if (alt_v >= 0 && alt_m >= 0) {
+					/* Dispatch into the matching per-driver slot.
+					 * iter38 only had rkvdec/hantro pairs; iter40 +
+					 * LIBVA-1 extended this to rpi-hevc-dec and
+					 * daedalus_v4l2 for the Pi 5 mixed-decoder
+					 * deployment. */
 					if (strcmp(alt_driver, "rkvdec") == 0) {
 						driver_data->video_fd_rkvdec = alt_v;
 						driver_data->media_fd_rkvdec = alt_m;
-					} else {
+					} else if (strcmp(alt_driver, "hantro-vpu") == 0) {
 						driver_data->video_fd_hantro = alt_v;
 						driver_data->media_fd_hantro = alt_m;
+					} else if (strcmp(alt_driver, "rpi-hevc-dec") == 0) {
+						driver_data->video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec = alt_v;
+						driver_data->media_fd_rpi_hevc_dec = alt_m;
+#ifdef HAVE_DAEDALUS_V4L2
+					} else if (strcmp(alt_driver, "daedalus_v4l2") == 0) {
+						driver_data->video_fd_daedalus = alt_v;
+						driver_data->media_fd_daedalus = alt_m;
+#endif
+					} else {
+						/* Shouldn't happen — primary_driver branches
+						 * above only set alt_driver to one of the
+						 * names handled here.  Close and move on. */
+						close(alt_v);
+						close(alt_m);
+						alt_v = -1;
+						alt_m = -1;
+					}
+					if (alt_v >= 0) {
+						request_log("iter38: also opened %s decoder at %s + %s\n",
+							    alt_driver, alt_video, alt_media);
 					}
-					request_log("iter38: also opened %s decoder at %s + %s\n",
-						    alt_driver, alt_video, alt_media);
 				} else {
 					if (alt_v >= 0) close(alt_v);
 					if (alt_m >= 0) close(alt_m);
@@ -642,8 +819,95 @@ VAStatus VA_DRIVER_INIT_FUNC(VADriverContextP context)
 			}
 		}
 		(void)primary_driver;
+
+		/*
+		 * ampere-av1-enablement Phase 2: walk hantro-vpu media nodes
+		 * for a SECOND one that advertises V4L2_PIX_FMT_AV1_FRAME
+		 * (AV1F) as OUTPUT pixfmt. RK3588 has 3 hantro-vpu instances
+		 * (legacy MPEG2/VP8 decoder, vepu121 encoder, vpu981 AV1
+		 * decoder) all reporting driver="hantro-vpu" / model="hantro-
+		 * vpu" — so OUTPUT-format probe is the only reliable
+		 * disambiguator that doesn't depend on parsing card-name
+		 * strings (which are DTS-dependent). First match wins.
+		 *
+		 * On non-RK3588 hosts the slot stays -1; RequestQueryConfig
+		 * Profiles' AV1 push then no-ops because any_fd_supports_
+		 * output_format() returns false for AV1F.
+		 */
+		{
+			int i;
+			char path[32], av1_video[32];
+
+			for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+				int mfd, vfd;
+				struct media_device_info info;
+
+				snprintf(path, sizeof path, "/dev/media%d", i);
+				mfd = open(path, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
+				if (mfd < 0) continue;
+				memset(&info, 0, sizeof info);
+				if (ioctl(mfd, MEDIA_IOC_DEVICE_INFO, &info) != 0 ||
+				    strcmp(info.driver, "hantro-vpu") != 0) {
+					close(mfd);
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (find_decoder_video_node_via_topology(
+					    mfd, av1_video, sizeof av1_video) != 0) {
+					close(mfd);
+					continue;
+				}
+				vfd = open(av1_video, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
+				if (vfd < 0) {
+					close(mfd);
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (!v4l2_find_format(vfd, V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT, V4L2_PIX_FMT_AV1_FRAME) &&
+				    !v4l2_find_format(vfd, V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT_MPLANE, V4L2_PIX_FMT_AV1_FRAME)) {
+					close(vfd);
+					close(mfd);
+					continue;
+				}
+				driver_data->video_fd_vpu981 = vfd;
+				driver_data->media_fd_vpu981 = mfd;
+				request_log("ampere-av1: vpu981 AV1 decoder at %s + %s\n",
+					    av1_video, path);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * iter2 (ampere-kernel-decoders): probe the new HEVC EXT_SPS_RPS
+	 * controls on each rkvdec/hantro fd. Result is consumed by
+	 * h265_set_controls per-codec gate. Per-fd storage matches the
+	 * iter38 multi-device-probe pattern (Phase 5 review item).
+	 */
+	driver_data->has_hevc_ext_sps_rps_rkvdec =
+		probe_hevc_ext_sps_rps_controls(driver_data->video_fd_rkvdec);
+	driver_data->has_hevc_ext_sps_rps_hantro =
+		probe_hevc_ext_sps_rps_controls(driver_data->video_fd_hantro);
+	driver_data->has_hevc_ext_sps_rps_rpi_hevc_dec =
+		probe_hevc_ext_sps_rps_controls(driver_data->video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec);
+	if (driver_data->has_hevc_ext_sps_rps_rkvdec) {
+		request_log("iter2: kernel registers HEVC EXT_SPS_{ST,LT}_RPS "
+			    "controls on rkvdec fd (will route through "
+			    "vendored GStreamer parser)\n");
+	}
+	if (driver_data->video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec >= 0) {
+		request_log("iter40: also opened rpi-hevc-dec at video_fd=%d "
+			    "media_fd=%d (Pi 5 HEVC stateless)\n",
+			    driver_data->video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec,
+			    driver_data->media_fd_rpi_hevc_dec);
+	}
+#ifdef HAVE_DAEDALUS_V4L2
+	if (driver_data->video_fd_daedalus >= 0) {
+		request_log("phase 8.10: opened daedalus_v4l2 at video_fd=%d "
+			    "media_fd=%d (Pi 5 daemon-backed VP9/AV1/H264)\n",
+			    driver_data->video_fd_daedalus,
+			    driver_data->media_fd_daedalus);
+	}
+#endif
+
 	status = VA_STATUS_SUCCESS;
 	goto complete;
 
@@ -690,6 +954,20 @@ VAStatus RequestTerminate(VADriverContextP context)
 		close(driver_data->video_fd_hantro);
 	if (driver_data->media_fd_hantro >= 0)
 		close(driver_data->media_fd_hantro);
+	if (driver_data->video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec >= 0)
+		close(driver_data->video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec);
+	if (driver_data->media_fd_rpi_hevc_dec >= 0)
+		close(driver_data->media_fd_rpi_hevc_dec);
+	if (driver_data->video_fd_vpu981 >= 0)
+		close(driver_data->video_fd_vpu981);
+	if (driver_data->media_fd_vpu981 >= 0)
+		close(driver_data->media_fd_vpu981);
+#ifdef HAVE_DAEDALUS_V4L2
+	if (driver_data->video_fd_daedalus >= 0)
+		close(driver_data->video_fd_daedalus);
+	if (driver_data->media_fd_daedalus >= 0)
+		close(driver_data->media_fd_daedalus);
+#endif
 	/* Fall back to direct close if neither alt fd captured the active
 	 * pair (env-override path). */
 	if (driver_data->video_fd_rkvdec < 0 && driver_data->video_fd_hantro < 0) {

src/request.h

@@ -38,9 +38,20 @@
 
 #include <linux/videodev2.h>
 
+#include "hevc-ctrls/v4l2-hevc-ext-controls.h"
+
 #define V4L2_REQUEST_STR_VENDOR			"v4l2-request"
 
-#define V4L2_REQUEST_MAX_PROFILES		11
+/*
+ * Sized for max-possible enumeration with iter39 Option B reverted:
+ * MPEG2(2) + H264(6 incl. Hi10P) + HEVC(2 incl. Main10) + VP8 + VP9 + AV1 = 13.
+ * The per-group guards use `if (... && index < (MAX_PROFILES - N))` where N
+ * is the push-group size, so MAX must be ≥ total+1 — 14 here. Bumping
+ * defensively now so a future re-enable of Hi10P/Main10 doesn't silently
+ * drop AV1 through the off-by-one trap that ate ampere-av1's enumeration
+ * for a week (see issue marfrit/libva-v4l2-request-fourier#2).
+ */
+#define V4L2_REQUEST_MAX_PROFILES		14
 #define V4L2_REQUEST_MAX_ENTRYPOINTS		5
 #define V4L2_REQUEST_MAX_CONFIG_ATTRIBUTES	10
 #define V4L2_REQUEST_MAX_IMAGE_FORMATS		10
@@ -76,6 +87,121 @@ struct request_data {
 	int media_fd_rkvdec;
 	int video_fd_hantro;
 	int media_fd_hantro;
+	/*
+	 * iter40: third multi-device-probe slot for rpi-hevc-dec (Pi 5 /
+	 * CM5 / BCM2712). V4L2 stateless HEVC; CAPTURE is NC12/NC30 SAND
+	 * 128-pixel-wide column tiled (Pi-specific). On Pi 5 this is the
+	 * ONLY decoder slot; on RK hosts it stays -1 and HEVC routes to
+	 * rkvdec as before.
+	 */
+	int video_fd_rpi_hevc_dec;
+	int media_fd_rpi_hevc_dec;
+	/*
+	 * phase 8.10: fifth multi-device-probe slot for daedalus_v4l2 — the
+	 * out-of-tree V4L2 stateless decoder shim that forwards bitstream
+	 * to a userspace daemon (daedalus-v4l2 sibling repo). Daemon does
+	 * FFmpeg-software decode for VP9 / AV1 / H.264 and ships pixels
+	 * back via dmabuf into the CAPTURE buffer.  Picked up via the
+	 * same media-controller probe + known_decoder_drivers[] entry
+	 * pattern as iter40 rpi-hevc-dec.  Stays -1 on hosts without the
+	 * daedalus module loaded; HEVC routes to rpi-hevc-dec as before.
+	 *
+	 * Fields are unconditional (8 bytes per session) so the struct
+	 * layout is stable regardless of meson option.  The active
+	 * probe + dispatch code in request.c is gated by
+	 * HAVE_DAEDALUS_V4L2; when disabled the fields stay at their
+	 * -1 init and no codepath touches them.
+	 */
+	int video_fd_daedalus;
+	int media_fd_daedalus;
+	/*
+	 * ampere-av1-enablement Phase 2: fourth multi-device-probe slot
+	 * for vpu981 (RK3588's dedicated AV1 hantro instance, kernel
+	 * card="rockchip,rk3588-av1-vpu-dec", driver name "hantro-vpu" —
+	 * shared with the legacy MPEG-2/VP8/H.264 hantro). Discriminated
+	 * by V4L2_PIX_FMT_AV1_FRAME (AV1F) OUTPUT-pixfmt capability since
+	 * the driver name alone is ambiguous on RK3588. Stays -1 on hosts
+	 * without the AV1 vpu-dec.
+	 *
+	 * Named "vpu981" for consistency with the in-progress av1-iter1
+	 * operator branch (Phase 3-5 bit-exact AV1 work — when that lands
+	 * these fields receive the actual decode dispatch wiring).
+	 */
+	int video_fd_vpu981;
+	int media_fd_vpu981;
+
+	/*
+	 * iter2 (ampere-kernel-decoders campaign) — per-fd probe result
+	 * for the V4L2_CID_STATELESS_HEVC_EXT_SPS_{ST,LT}_RPS controls
+	 * introduced in Linux 7.0 (Casanova VDPU381/VDPU383 series).
+	 * RK3399 rkvdec doesn't have them and the probe returns false;
+	 * RK3588 rkvdec (VDPU381/383) registers them and the probe is
+	 * true. h265_set_controls consults only the rkvdec entry because
+	 * HEVC routes through rkvdec only — hantro's entry stays false
+	 * naturally (it doesn't have rkvdec-specific controls).
+	 *
+	 * The pair-of-flags layout mirrors video_fd_rkvdec /
+	 * video_fd_hantro above (iter38 multi-device-probe pattern,
+	 * memory feedback_multi_device_probe_design). Phase 5 review
+	 * surfaced this as a correctness item: a single scalar on
+	 * driver_data would silently misbehave across device-switch
+	 * boundaries; per-fd storage is the safe shape.
+	 */
+	bool has_hevc_ext_sps_rps_rkvdec;
+	bool has_hevc_ext_sps_rps_hantro;
+	/* iter40: rpi-hevc-dec doesn't expose EXT_SPS_*_RPS controls
+	 * (verified Phase 0 higgs probe: QUERY_EXT_CTRL on 0xa97 → EINVAL).
+	 * Probed for consistency with the iter2 pair-of-flags pattern;
+	 * stays false on Pi 5 and the iter2 vendored-parser path naturally
+	 * doesn't engage. */
+	bool has_hevc_ext_sps_rps_rpi_hevc_dec;
+
+	/*
+	 * iter2 — cached SPS-derived RPS arrays. SPS NALs only appear in
+	 * source_data on IDR frames; non-IDR frames' h265_set_controls
+	 * reuse the cached arrays so we don't submit zero-filled RPS to
+	 * the kernel (which would re-trigger the OOPS the iter2 fix is
+	 * designed to prevent). Single-slot cache (sps_id 0 only) —
+	 * adequate for the BBB / typical-stream case; multi-SPS streams
+	 * would need expanding to a [16] cache keyed by sps_id.
+	 *
+	 * The cache stores the post-mapped V4L2 control struct arrays
+	 * (not the intermediate GstH265SPS) so request.h doesn't need
+	 * to know about the vendored GStreamer parser types — only the
+	 * V4L2 UAPI structs from hevc-ctrls/v4l2-hevc-ext-controls.h
+	 * included above.
+	 *
+	 * Owned by h265.c; freed at RequestTerminate.
+	 */
+	struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_ext_sps_st_rps *hevc_rps_cache_st;
+	unsigned int                          hevc_rps_cache_st_count;
+	struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_ext_sps_lt_rps *hevc_rps_cache_lt;
+	unsigned int                          hevc_rps_cache_lt_count;
+	bool                                  hevc_rps_cache_valid;
+
+	/*
+	 * iter40b: bitstream-derived SPS field cache for VAAPI-omitted
+	 * fields. rpi-hevc-dec validates these against bitstream-true
+	 * values; the rkvdec/hantro fallback (sps_max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1,
+	 * 0) that satisfies §A.4.2 isn't enough for rpi.
+	 *
+	 * Cached on first IDR frame's SPS NAL parse, reused for subsequent
+	 * non-IDR frames whose source_data may not carry an SPS.
+	 *
+	 * sps_max_sub_layers_minus1 is the index into max_*[] arrays. The
+	 * V4L2 SPS struct fields are scalars (single sublayer), so we pick
+	 * the HighestTid (= sps_max_sub_layers_minus1) slot — matches
+	 * ffmpeg-vaapi + kdirect convention.
+	 */
+	struct {
+		bool valid;
+		uint8_t sps_max_sub_layers_minus1;
+		uint8_t max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1;
+		uint8_t max_num_reorder_pics;
+		uint8_t max_latency_increase_plus1;
+		bool scaling_list_enabled;
+		bool scaling_list_data_present;
+	} hevc_sps_field_cache;
 
 	struct video_format *video_format;
 
@@ -133,6 +259,17 @@ struct request_data {
 	unsigned int fmt_buffers_count;
 	unsigned int fmt_sizes[VIDEO_MAX_PLANES];
 	unsigned int fmt_bytesperlines[VIDEO_MAX_PLANES];
+
+	/*
+	 * iter39: active session is decoding a 10-bit profile (Hi10P / Main10).
+	 * Set in RequestCreateContext from config->profile. Drives:
+	 *   - CAPTURE pix_fmt selection (NV15 instead of NV12)
+	 *   - image.c DeriveImage / QueryImageFormats fourcc reporting (P010
+	 *     instead of NV12)
+	 *   - copy_surface_to_image NV15→P010 unpack branch
+	 * Reset to false at DestroyContext.
+	 */
+	bool is_10bit;
 };
 
 VAStatus VA_DRIVER_INIT_FUNC(VADriverContextP context);

src/surface.c

@@ -182,7 +182,9 @@ VAStatus RequestCreateSurfaces2(VADriverContextP context, unsigned int format,
 	 * surface_bind_format_uniform_fields(); the per-slot
 	 * destination_* fields fill at BeginPicture via surface_bind_slot.
 	 */
-	if (format != VA_RT_FORMAT_YUV420)
+	/* iter39: allow YUV420_10 for Hi10P / Main10 surface allocation. */
+	if (format != VA_RT_FORMAT_YUV420 &&
+	    format != VA_RT_FORMAT_YUV420_10)
 		return VA_STATUS_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_RT_FORMAT;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < surfaces_count; i++) {
@@ -706,7 +708,14 @@ VAStatus RequestExportSurfaceHandle(VADriverContextP context,
 
 	planes_count = surface_object->destination_planes_count;
 
-	surface_descriptor->fourcc = VA_FOURCC_NV12;
+	/* iter39: 10-bit session exports a DRM_FORMAT_NV15 buffer; advertise
+	 * the matching fourcc so a PRIME consumer aware of NV15 (panfrost-
+	 * Mesa et al.) can import correctly. PRIME consumers that only know
+	 * NV12 / P010 should use the COPY (vaGetImage) path which unpacks
+	 * NV15→P010 in image.c::copy_surface_to_image. */
+	surface_descriptor->fourcc = driver_data->is_10bit
+		? VA_FOURCC('N', 'V', '1', '5')
+		: VA_FOURCC_NV12;
 	surface_descriptor->width = surface_object->width;
 	surface_descriptor->height = surface_object->height;
 	surface_descriptor->num_objects = export_fds_count;

src/surface.h

@@ -122,6 +122,18 @@ struct object_surface {
 			VADecPictureParameterBufferVP9 picture;
 			VASliceParameterBufferVP9 slice;
 		} vp9;
+		struct {
+			/*
+			 * AV1 picture parameter buffer.  Slice params are
+			 * intentionally absent — the daedalus daemon track
+			 * (issue #11) consumes the slice OBU bytes directly
+			 * from the OUTPUT bitstream and synthesises only the
+			 * sequence-header OBU from V4L2_CID_STATELESS_AV1_
+			 * SEQUENCE.  No per-tile-group struct→OBU re-synthesis
+			 * required from libva today.
+			 */
+			VADecPictureParameterBufferAV1 picture;
+		} av1;
 	} params;
 
 	int request_fd;

src/v4l2.c

@@ -476,12 +476,35 @@ int v4l2_set_controls(int video_fd, int request_fd,
 		      struct v4l2_ext_control *control_array,
 		      unsigned int num_controls)
 {
+	struct v4l2_ext_controls controls;
 	int rc;
 
-	rc = v4l2_ioctl_controls(video_fd, request_fd, VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS,
+	memset(&controls, 0, sizeof(controls));
-				 control_array, num_controls);
+	controls.controls = control_array;
+	controls.count = num_controls;
+	if (request_fd >= 0) {
+		controls.which = V4L2_CTRL_WHICH_REQUEST_VAL;
+		controls.request_fd = request_fd;
+	}
+
+	rc = ioctl(video_fd, VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS, &controls);
 	if (rc < 0) {
-		request_log("Unable to set control(s): %s\n", strerror(errno));
+		/* error_idx is the index of the first failing control;
+		 * if it equals count, the ioctl itself failed (not a
+		 * specific control payload).  Useful for triaging
+		 * which V4L2_CID_STATELESS_* the kernel rejected. */
+		if (controls.error_idx < num_controls)
+			request_log("Unable to set control(s): %s "
+				    "(error_idx=%u/%u failing_ctrl_id=0x%x size=%u)\n",
+				    strerror(errno),
+				    controls.error_idx, controls.count,
+				    control_array[controls.error_idx].id,
+				    control_array[controls.error_idx].size);
+		else
+			request_log("Unable to set control(s): %s "
+				    "(error_idx=%u/%u ioctl-level)\n",
+				    strerror(errno),
+				    controls.error_idx, controls.count);
 		return -1;
 	}
 

src/video.c

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@
 #include <drm_fourcc.h>
 #include <linux/videodev2.h>
 
+#include "nv12_col128.h"  /* fallback V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128 define */
+#include "nv15.h"         /* fallback V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV15 define */
 #include "utils.h"
 #include "video.h"
 
@@ -45,6 +47,38 @@ static struct video_format formats[] = {
 		.planes_count		= 2,
 		.bpp			= 16,
 	},
+	{
+		.description		= "NV15 YUV (10-bit, rkvdec)",
+		.v4l2_format		= V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV15,
+		.v4l2_buffers_count	= 1,
+		.v4l2_mplane		= true,
+		.drm_format		= DRM_FORMAT_NV15,
+		.drm_modifier		= DRM_FORMAT_MOD_NONE,
+		.planes_count		= 2,
+		.bpp			= 24,
+	},
+	{
+		/*
+		 * iter40: Pi 5 / CM5 rpi-hevc-dec CAPTURE format. 8-bit NV12
+		 * stored as 128-pixel-wide column tiles (SAND128 layout).
+		 * Pi-specific; not in mainline drm_fourcc.h (uses NV12 + a
+		 * BROADCOM_SAND128 modifier for DRM_PRIME). Our consumer path
+		 * always detiles to linear NV12 in copy_surface_to_image, so
+		 * we don't expose the SAND modifier downstream — drm_format is
+		 * still DRM_FORMAT_NV12 and drm_modifier MOD_NONE so the
+		 * format-is-linear gate doesn't pull us into tiled_to_planar
+		 * (Sunxi-specific). image.c branches on v4l2_format ==
+		 * V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128 to invoke the dedicated detile.
+		 */
+		.description		= "NV12 SAND128 (8-bit, rpi-hevc-dec)",
+		.v4l2_format		= V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128,
+		.v4l2_buffers_count	= 1,
+		.v4l2_mplane		= true,
+		.drm_format		= DRM_FORMAT_NV12,
+		.drm_modifier		= DRM_FORMAT_MOD_NONE,
+		.planes_count		= 2,
+		.bpp			= 16,
+	},
 // Code to handle this DRM_FORMAT is __arm__ only
 #ifdef __arm__
 	{

tests/test_nv12_col128_detile.c

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 claude-noether <claude-noether@reauktion.de>
+ *
+ * MIT-licensed per project. iter40 self-test for nv12_col128 detile.
+ *
+ * Build an NC12-tiled source buffer from a known linear NV12 image,
+ * run the detile primitive, assert output matches the original. No
+ * hardware needed — pure bit-layout verification of the kernel math
+ * (drivers/media/platform/raspberrypi/hevc_dec/hevc_d_video.c
+ * V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_COL128 case + ffmpeg/Kynesim per-pixel offset).
+ *
+ * Build:
+ *   cc -Wall -Werror -O2 -o test_nv12_col128_detile \
+ *      tests/test_nv12_col128_detile.c src/nv12_col128.c
+ *
+ * Exit 0 = all asserts pass.
+ */
+
+#include "../src/nv12_col128.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define TILE_W 128
+
+static unsigned int align_up(unsigned int v, unsigned int a)
+{
+	return (v + a - 1) & ~(a - 1);
+}
+
+/* Pack a linear plane (width × height bytes, stride=width) into NC12
+ * layout: each 128-wide column held contiguously, columns at offsets
+ * col * col_stride * 128. col_stride is the kernel-reported bytesperline
+ * = ALIGN(height, 8) * 3/2. Returns the buffer + sizes. */
+static uint8_t *pack_to_nc12(const uint8_t *linear,
+			     unsigned int width, unsigned int height,
+			     unsigned int *out_col_stride,
+			     size_t *out_size)
+{
+	unsigned int aligned_w = align_up(width, TILE_W);
+	unsigned int aligned_h = align_up(height, 8);
+	unsigned int col_stride = aligned_h * 3 / 2;
+	unsigned int num_cols = aligned_w / TILE_W;
+	size_t total = (size_t)col_stride * aligned_w;
+	uint8_t *buf;
+	unsigned int col, y, in_col;
+
+	buf = calloc(1, total);
+	assert(buf != NULL);
+
+	for (col = 0; col < num_cols; col++) {
+		uint8_t *col_base = buf + (size_t)col * TILE_W * col_stride;
+		for (y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+			for (in_col = 0; in_col < TILE_W; in_col++) {
+				unsigned int x = col * TILE_W + in_col;
+				if (x >= width)
+					break;
+				col_base[(size_t)y * TILE_W + in_col] =
+					linear[(size_t)y * width + x];
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	*out_col_stride = col_stride;
+	*out_size = total;
+	return buf;
+}
+
+static void test_detile_y(unsigned int width, unsigned int height)
+{
+	uint8_t *linear, *tiled, *recovered;
+	unsigned int col_stride;
+	size_t tile_size, i;
+
+	linear = malloc((size_t)width * height);
+	assert(linear != NULL);
+	/* Distinctive content per pixel: y * 17 + x * 13 — avoids byte-
+	 * aliasing patterns that could mask off-by-one bugs. */
+	for (unsigned int y = 0; y < height; y++)
+		for (unsigned int x = 0; x < width; x++)
+			linear[(size_t)y * width + x] = (uint8_t)(y * 17 + x * 13);
+
+	tiled = pack_to_nc12(linear, width, height, &col_stride, &tile_size);
+
+	recovered = calloc(1, (size_t)width * height);
+	assert(recovered != NULL);
+
+	nv12_col128_detile_y(recovered, width, tiled, col_stride, width, height);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < (size_t)width * height; i++) {
+		if (recovered[i] != linear[i]) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"FAIL %ux%u Y: pixel %zu (x=%zu y=%zu) "
+				"linear=0x%02x recovered=0x%02x\n",
+				width, height, i,
+				i % width, i / width,
+				linear[i], recovered[i]);
+			free(linear); free(tiled); free(recovered);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+	printf("PASS %ux%u Y plane (%u columns, col_stride=%u, tile_size=%zu)\n",
+	       width, height, align_up(width, TILE_W) / TILE_W,
+	       col_stride, tile_size);
+
+	free(linear);
+	free(tiled);
+	free(recovered);
+}
+
+static void test_detile_uv(unsigned int width, unsigned int height)
+{
+	unsigned int uv_h = height / 2;
+	uint8_t *linear, *tiled, *recovered;
+	unsigned int col_stride;
+	size_t tile_size, i;
+
+	linear = malloc((size_t)width * uv_h);
+	assert(linear != NULL);
+	for (unsigned int y = 0; y < uv_h; y++)
+		for (unsigned int x = 0; x < width; x++)
+			linear[(size_t)y * width + x] = (uint8_t)(y * 23 + x * 7);
+
+	tiled = pack_to_nc12(linear, width, uv_h, &col_stride, &tile_size);
+
+	recovered = calloc(1, (size_t)width * uv_h);
+	assert(recovered != NULL);
+
+	nv12_col128_detile_uv(recovered, width, tiled, col_stride, width, uv_h);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < (size_t)width * uv_h; i++) {
+		if (recovered[i] != linear[i]) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"FAIL %ux%u UV: pixel %zu linear=0x%02x recovered=0x%02x\n",
+				width, height, i,
+				linear[i], recovered[i]);
+			free(linear); free(tiled); free(recovered);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+	printf("PASS %ux%u UV plane\n", width, height);
+
+	free(linear);
+	free(tiled);
+	free(recovered);
+}
+
+static void test_uv_offset(void)
+{
+	/* Per the SAND COL128 layout, Y and UV are interleaved within
+	 * EACH column (not concatenated as separate planes), so the UV
+	 * plane base pointer is offset by 128 * ALIGN(height, 8) — the
+	 * Y portion of column 0. NOT 128 * height * num_columns (the
+	 * size of all Y across all columns), which was an earlier wrong
+	 * formula caught by Phase 7 SEGV on higgs. */
+	unsigned int off = nv12_col128_uv_plane_offset(1280, 720);
+	if (off != 128u * 720) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "FAIL UV offset 1280×720: got %u expected %u\n",
+			off, 128u * 720);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	printf("PASS UV offset 1280×720 = %u\n", off);
+
+	off = nv12_col128_uv_plane_offset(1366, 768);
+	if (off != 128u * 768) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "FAIL UV offset 1366×768: got %u expected %u\n",
+			off, 128u * 768);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	printf("PASS UV offset 1366×768 (column-misaligned width)\n");
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	/* Phase 3 fixture sizes — all 128-aligned, 8-line-aligned. */
+	test_detile_y(640, 360);
+	test_detile_y(1280, 720);
+	test_detile_y(1920, 1080);
+
+	/* Phase 5 review F4: column-misaligned width (1366 → 1408 padding). */
+	test_detile_y(1366, 768);
+
+	/* UV plane (half-height) at each width. */
+	test_detile_uv(640, 360);
+	test_detile_uv(1280, 720);
+	test_detile_uv(1920, 1080);
+	test_detile_uv(1366, 768);
+
+	test_uv_offset();
+
+	printf("All NC12 detile asserts pass.\n");
+	return 0;
+}

tests/test_nv15_unpack.c

@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 claude-noether <claude-noether@reauktion.de>
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+ * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sub license, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the
+ * next paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions
+ * of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+ * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL PRECISION INSIGHT AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+ * TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+ * SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * iter39 self-test for nv15_unpack_plane_to_p010.
+ *
+ * Builds NV15 plane buffers from known 10-bit pixel arrays, runs the
+ * unpack, asserts P010 output matches the expected pixel<<6 values.
+ * No hardware needed — pure bit layout verification per
+ * Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/pixfmt-nv15.rst.
+ *
+ * Build:
+ *   cc -Wall -Werror -O2 -o test_nv15_unpack tests/test_nv15_unpack.c src/nv15.c
+ *
+ * Exit 0 = all asserts pass.
+ */
+
+#include "../src/nv15.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+/* Pack 4 10-bit pixels into 5 bytes per NV15 layout (LSB-first across
+ * bits 0..39). Inverse of nv15_unpack_plane_to_p010's per-group unpack. */
+static void pack4(uint16_t a, uint16_t b, uint16_t c, uint16_t d,
+		  uint8_t out[5])
+{
+	out[0] = (uint8_t)(a & 0xFF);
+	out[1] = (uint8_t)(((a >> 8) & 0x03) | ((b & 0x3F) << 2));
+	out[2] = (uint8_t)(((b >> 6) & 0x0F) | ((c & 0x0F) << 4));
+	out[3] = (uint8_t)(((c >> 4) & 0x3F) | ((d & 0x03) << 6));
+	out[4] = (uint8_t)((d >> 2) & 0xFF);
+}
+
+#define ASSERT_EQ(actual, expected, msg) do {				\
+	if ((actual) != (expected)) {					\
+		fprintf(stderr, "FAIL %s: actual=0x%04x expected=0x%04x at %s:%d\n", \
+			(msg), (unsigned)(actual), (unsigned)(expected), \
+			__FILE__, __LINE__);				\
+		exit(1);						\
+	}								\
+} while (0)
+
+static void test_pack_unpack_roundtrip(uint16_t a, uint16_t b, uint16_t c,
+				       uint16_t d)
+{
+	uint8_t packed[5];
+	uint16_t dst[4];
+
+	pack4(a, b, c, d, packed);
+	nv15_unpack_plane_to_p010(packed, dst, 4, 1, 5);
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[0], (uint16_t)(a << 6), "roundtrip a");
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[1], (uint16_t)(b << 6), "roundtrip b");
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[2], (uint16_t)(c << 6), "roundtrip c");
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[3], (uint16_t)(d << 6), "roundtrip d");
+}
+
+static void test_zero(void)
+{
+	uint8_t packed[5] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+	uint16_t dst[4] = { 0xDEAD, 0xDEAD, 0xDEAD, 0xDEAD };
+	nv15_unpack_plane_to_p010(packed, dst, 4, 1, 5);
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[0], 0, "zero[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[1], 0, "zero[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[2], 0, "zero[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[3], 0, "zero[3]");
+}
+
+static void test_all_max(void)
+{
+	/* All four pixels = 0x3FF (max 10-bit). Packed bits all 1 → all 0xFF. */
+	uint8_t packed[5] = { 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF };
+	uint16_t dst[4] = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+	nv15_unpack_plane_to_p010(packed, dst, 4, 1, 5);
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[0], 0xFFC0, "max[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[1], 0xFFC0, "max[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[2], 0xFFC0, "max[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[3], 0xFFC0, "max[3]");
+}
+
+static void test_known_vectors(void)
+{
+	/* Position-sensitive sanity: each pixel = its index+1. */
+	test_pack_unpack_roundtrip(1, 2, 3, 4);
+	/* Spread patterns that exercise every byte-boundary bit. */
+	test_pack_unpack_roundtrip(0x3FF, 0x000, 0x3FF, 0x000);
+	test_pack_unpack_roundtrip(0x000, 0x3FF, 0x000, 0x3FF);
+	test_pack_unpack_roundtrip(0x155, 0x2AA, 0x155, 0x2AA);
+	test_pack_unpack_roundtrip(0x001, 0x002, 0x004, 0x008);
+	test_pack_unpack_roundtrip(0x080, 0x040, 0x020, 0x010);
+	test_pack_unpack_roundtrip(0x200, 0x100, 0x080, 0x040);
+	test_pack_unpack_roundtrip(0x3F0, 0x0F3, 0x33C, 0x2A5);
+}
+
+static void test_remainder_width(void)
+{
+	/* width=1: only A unpacked, B/C/D undefined */
+	{
+		uint8_t packed[5];
+		uint16_t dst[1] = { 0xDEAD };
+		pack4(0x123, 0x000, 0x000, 0x000, packed);
+		nv15_unpack_plane_to_p010(packed, dst, 1, 1, 5);
+		ASSERT_EQ(dst[0], 0x123 << 6, "rem1[0]");
+	}
+	/* width=2 */
+	{
+		uint8_t packed[5];
+		uint16_t dst[2] = { 0, 0 };
+		pack4(0x111, 0x222, 0x000, 0x000, packed);
+		nv15_unpack_plane_to_p010(packed, dst, 2, 1, 5);
+		ASSERT_EQ(dst[0], 0x111 << 6, "rem2[0]");
+		ASSERT_EQ(dst[1], 0x222 << 6, "rem2[1]");
+	}
+	/* width=3 */
+	{
+		uint8_t packed[5];
+		uint16_t dst[3] = { 0, 0, 0 };
+		pack4(0x111, 0x222, 0x333, 0x000, packed);
+		nv15_unpack_plane_to_p010(packed, dst, 3, 1, 5);
+		ASSERT_EQ(dst[0], 0x111 << 6, "rem3[0]");
+		ASSERT_EQ(dst[1], 0x222 << 6, "rem3[1]");
+		ASSERT_EQ(dst[2], 0x333 << 6, "rem3[2]");
+	}
+	/* width=7: one full group + 3 remainder */
+	{
+		uint8_t packed[10];
+		uint16_t dst[7] = { 0 };
+		pack4(0x100, 0x200, 0x300, 0x010, &packed[0]);
+		pack4(0x011, 0x022, 0x033, 0x000, &packed[5]);
+		nv15_unpack_plane_to_p010(packed, dst, 7, 1, 10);
+		ASSERT_EQ(dst[0], 0x100 << 6, "rem7[0]");
+		ASSERT_EQ(dst[1], 0x200 << 6, "rem7[1]");
+		ASSERT_EQ(dst[2], 0x300 << 6, "rem7[2]");
+		ASSERT_EQ(dst[3], 0x010 << 6, "rem7[3]");
+		ASSERT_EQ(dst[4], 0x011 << 6, "rem7[4]");
+		ASSERT_EQ(dst[5], 0x022 << 6, "rem7[5]");
+		ASSERT_EQ(dst[6], 0x033 << 6, "rem7[6]");
+	}
+	/* width=8: two full groups */
+	{
+		uint8_t packed[10];
+		uint16_t dst[8] = { 0 };
+		pack4(0x101, 0x202, 0x303, 0x101, &packed[0]);
+		pack4(0x202, 0x303, 0x101, 0x202, &packed[5]);
+		nv15_unpack_plane_to_p010(packed, dst, 8, 1, 10);
+		ASSERT_EQ(dst[7], 0x202 << 6, "w8[7]");
+	}
+}
+
+static void test_multi_row_stride_padding(void)
+{
+	/* 4-pixel-wide, 3-row plane; stride = 8 bytes (3 bytes padding). */
+	uint8_t packed[24];  /* 3 rows × 8 bytes */
+	uint16_t dst[12];    /* 3 rows × 4 pixels */
+	memset(packed, 0xCC, sizeof(packed));  /* padding poison */
+
+	pack4(0x111, 0x222, 0x333, 0x044, &packed[0 * 8]);
+	pack4(0x055, 0x166, 0x177, 0x188, &packed[1 * 8]);
+	pack4(0x099, 0x1AA, 0x2BB, 0x3CC, &packed[2 * 8]);
+
+	memset(dst, 0xAB, sizeof(dst));
+	nv15_unpack_plane_to_p010(packed, dst, 4, 3, 8);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[0], 0x111 << 6, "row0[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[3], 0x044 << 6, "row0[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[4], 0x055 << 6, "row1[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[7], 0x188 << 6, "row1[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[8], 0x099 << 6, "row2[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[11], 0x3CC << 6, "row2[3]");
+}
+
+static void test_chroma_half_height(void)
+{
+	/* 4-pixel-wide × 2-row chroma (matches 4×4 luma quadrant).
+	 * NV15 chroma uses same packing as luma, just half-height. */
+	uint8_t packed[10];  /* 2 rows × 5 bytes */
+	uint16_t dst[8];     /* 2 rows × 4 pixels (UV pairs in interleaved form) */
+
+	pack4(0x080, 0x180, 0x280, 0x380, &packed[0]);
+	pack4(0x040, 0x140, 0x240, 0x340, &packed[5]);
+
+	nv15_unpack_plane_to_p010(packed, dst, 4, 2, 5);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[0], 0x080 << 6, "chroma row0[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[3], 0x380 << 6, "chroma row0[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[4], 0x040 << 6, "chroma row1[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(dst[7], 0x340 << 6, "chroma row1[3]");
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	test_zero();
+	test_all_max();
+	test_known_vectors();
+	test_remainder_width();
+	test_multi_row_stride_padding();
+	test_chroma_half_height();
+	printf("test_nv15_unpack: all PASS\n");
+	return 0;
+}