libva-v4l2-request-fourier

VA-API ICD backend for V4L2 stateless video decoders. Fourier-campaign fork of the dormant bootlin/libva-v4l2-request upstream.

TL;DR for "I want hardware-accelerated YouTube in Firefox on my Rockchip board": skip to the § Quickstart below. Fresnel (RK3399) and ampere (RK3588) are validated targets; ohm (RK3566 PineTab2) is the chromium-fourier validation rig.

What works

SoC / host	HW-accelerated codecs	Bit-exact vs kdirect
RK3399 (fresnel — Pinebook Pro)	H.264, HEVC Main, VP9 Profile 0, VP8, MPEG-2	5/5 at iter38; preserved through iter40b
RK3588 (ampere)	H.264 + HEVC (iter1+iter2 ampere-fourier); mainline rkvdec / VDPU381 + VDPU383 landed February 2026 — VP9 / AV1 verification next	iter1 H.264 PASS; remaining codecs gated on mainline-driver bring-up
RK3568 / RK3566 (ohm — PineTab2)	H.264, MPEG-2, VP8 via hantro multi-planar	iter1-5 baseline (libva-multiplanar campaign)
BCM2712 (higgs — Pi 5 / CM5)	—	infrastructure landed (iter40 / iter40b), bit-exact NOT achieved, see § Pi 5 standoff

kdirect is the reference: ffmpeg -hwaccel v4l2request -hwaccel_output_format drm_prime ... via Kwiboo's downstream ffmpeg patches (packaged here as ffmpeg-v4l2-request-fourier, FFmpeg 8.1 tip @ Kwiboo v4l2-request-n8.1 commit b57fbbe).

Quickstart

What you need for HW-accelerated YouTube in Firefox

The full stack, top to bottom, with the package this campaign provides at each layer:

Layer	Package(s)	Notes
Linux kernel with V4L2 stateless decoders	linux-fresnel-fourier (RK3399), linux-ampere-fourier (RK3588)	Mainline rkvdec / hantro / VDPU381 / VDPU383. ohm typically rides on a Beryllium OS host kernel.
ffmpeg with Kwiboo's v4l2-request hwaccel	ffmpeg-v4l2-request-fourier	Provides -hwaccel drm -c:v hevc (and h264/vp9) routes via libavcodec hwdevice DRM.
libva VA-API runtime + this backend ICD	libva (stock) + libva-v4l2-request-fourier	This repo. Auto-detects rkvdec / hantro / cedrus on probe.
Firefox patched to call libavcodec stateless	firefox-fourier	5-patch series, ~+169 LoC over stock Firefox. Validated on fresnel: ~5 % CPU at 1080p30 H.264 (vs 64 % software).
(Wayland alt) Chromium patched for V4L2VDA	chromium-fourier + kwin-fourier	Validated on ohm under KDE Plasma 6.6.5 Wayland. Needs kwin-fourier for the dmabuf-fence latency fix.
(Optional) panfrost / panthor GPU stack	vulkan-panfrost	Wayland compositor + 3D.

The actual VA-API path is mostly historical inside this campaign — the user-facing browser HW decode story rides libavcodec's v4l2_request hwaccel directly, not VAAPI-via-libva. Firefox-fourier attaches an AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_DRM context to libavcodec's generic h264/hevc/vp9 decoder; libavcodec then auto-binds the v4l2_request hwaccel from its hw_configs. No LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME incantation needed for browser use. libva-v4l2-request-fourier matters for mpv, ffmpeg-as-vaapi, and other VA-API direct consumers.

Install on Arch ALARM (fresnel / ampere / ohm)

Add the marfrit repo if you haven't already:

# /etc/pacman.conf
[marfrit]
SigLevel = Required
Server = https://packages.reauktion.de/arch/$arch

Import the signing key (one-time):

sudo pacman-key --recv-keys <KEY-ID>   # see https://packages.reauktion.de
sudo pacman-key --lsign-key <KEY-ID>
sudo pacman -Sy

Then per host:

# Fresnel — RK3399 Pinebook Pro
sudo pacman -S \
    linux-fresnel-fourier linux-fresnel-fourier-headers \
    libva-v4l2-request-fourier \
    firefox-fourier
# (ffmpeg-v4l2-request-fourier currently still a local build — see § Status)

# Ampere — RK3588
sudo pacman -S \
    linux-ampere-fourier linux-ampere-fourier-headers \
    libva-v4l2-request-fourier \
    firefox-fourier

# Ohm — RK3566 PineTab2 (chromium-fourier validated path)
sudo pacman -S \
    libva-v4l2-request-fourier \
    kwin-fourier
# chromium-fourier currently still a local build — see § Status

Reboot if a new kernel landed. Then:

# Smoke-test: vainfo should list HEVCMain + H264 entries
LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME=v4l2_request vainfo

# Browser launch with verbose decoder logging
MOZ_LOG="PlatformDecoderModule:5,FFmpegVideo:5" \
  firefox-fourier 2>&1 | tee /tmp/fx.log

# Then open a YouTube 1080p H.264 video and grep for:
#   "Choosing FFmpeg pixel format for V4L2 video decoding"
#   "av_hwdevice_ctx_create(DRM, /dev/dri/renderD128) ok"
# If you DON'T see those: HW path didn't engage, fell back to software.

Status of the published vs locally-built packages

As of May 2026, the live marfrit repo at https://packages.reauktion.de/arch/aarch64/ has:

• ✓ libva-v4l2-request-fourier-1:1.0.0.r361.cf8cd9d-1 (iter40b tip)
• ✓ firefox-fourier-150.0.1-16 (5-patch series, sandboxed RDD HW decode validated on RK3399)
• ✓ linux-fresnel-fourier-7.0-14 + headers (RK3399)
• ✓ linux-ampere-fourier-7.0rc3.kafr1-1 + headers (RK3588)
• ✓ kwin-fourier-1:6.6.5-1 (Wayland dmabuf-fence fix for chromium-fourier)
• ✓ vulkan-panfrost-1:26.0.5-1 (GPU stack)

NOT yet published but present in marfrit-packages/arch/ source tree (build + publish pending):

• ⏳ ffmpeg-v4l2-request-fourier (Kwiboo's v4l2-request hwaccel series on FFmpeg 8.1 — firefox-fourier's HW path RELIES on this; the validated 5 % CPU measurement was with this companion installed manually).
• ⏳ chromium-fourier (Chromium 147 + V4L2VDA-on-mainline patches — blocked on Arch ALARM bumping clang 22 → 23).
• ⏳ qt6-base-fourier (GL_ALPHA → GL_R8 fix — needed by KDE Plasma Wayland on the panfrost stack).

If you want the fully-validated Firefox-on-fresnel stack today, you'll need to build ffmpeg-v4l2-request-fourier from marfrit-packages/arch/ffmpeg-v4l2-request-fourier/ locally:

git clone ssh://git@git.reauktion.de:2222/marfrit/marfrit-packages.git
cd marfrit-packages/arch/ffmpeg-v4l2-request-fourier
makepkg -si

Same recipe for chromium-fourier and friends. They'll move to the live repo as their dependencies settle.

What does NOT work, and why it's stalled

Target	Status	Blocker
H264 Hi10P on RK3399	enumerated, decode returns all-zero	RK3399 silicon doesn't implement 10-bit despite kernel advertising the profile (iter39 close, Option B applied)
HEVC Main10 on RK3399	not enumerated	same as Hi10P
Pi 5 / CM5 (BCM2712 / rpi-hevc-dec)	infrastructure landed (iter40 / iter40b), bit-exact NOT achieved	see "The Pi 5 standoff" below

What does NOT work, and why it's stalled

Target	Status	Blocker
H264 Hi10P on RK3399	enumerated, decode returns all-zero	RK3399 silicon doesn't implement 10-bit despite kernel advertising the profile (iter39 close, Option B applied)
HEVC Main10 on RK3399	not enumerated	same as Hi10P
Pi 5 / CM5 (BCM2712 / rpi-hevc-dec)	infrastructure landed (iter40 / iter40b), bit-exact NOT achieved	see "The Pi 5 standoff" below

The Pi 5 standoff

iter40 + iter40b add a third multi-device-probe slot for rpi-hevc-dec, an NC12 SAND128 detile primitive, per-driver gates around the SPS pre-seed + start-code-prepend + scaling_matrix submission, and a (fragile, fixture-specific) SPS field override using the GStreamer 1.28.2 H.265 parser. ICD discovery works, vainfo lists VAProfileHEVCMain, S_FMT / REQBUFS / STREAMON all succeed.

Decode itself never succeeds — every CAPTURE DQBUF returns V4L2_BUF_FLAG_ERROR. Driver author John Cox confirmed strict SPS validation is intentional ("try_ext_ctrls returned an error (22) is expected as it is validating the SPS"), and VAAPI's VAPictureParameterBufferHEVC simply doesn't carry the bitstream-true scalars (sps_max_num_reorder_pics, sps_max_latency_increase_plus1, slice-level num_entry_point_offsets) that the driver wants. We can't fish the SPS out of source_data either, because ffmpeg-vaapi parses the SPS itself and passes only slice NAL bytes to libva backends.

This is not a bug in our backend, in libva, in ffmpeg, or in the kernel driver. It's an ecosystem coordination failure of long standing:

• Kwiboo's ffmpeg-v4l2request hwaccel has been in production via LibreELEC since December 2018. Re-submitted to ffmpeg-devel as a v2 series in August 2024. Still un-merged in May 2026 — eight years in the upstream review queue.
• libva-v4l2-request (this project's upstream) hasn't taken meaningful commits since ~2021. Nobody wants to own the impedance mismatch between VAAPI's Intel-shaped "give me raw bitstream, I'll parse" and V4L2 stateless's kernel-shaped "give me parsed structs, I'll just drive the HW."
• rpi-hevc-dec mainline submission is at v4 (July 2025), 17 months in review. The Pi 6.18.x downstream kernel meanwhile has active HEVC regressions (raspberrypi/linux#7228, #7306) that aren't being fast-tracked because "the new uAPI is coming."
• Mozilla is implementing Pi 5 HEVC via ffmpeg's hwaccel-context path (bug 1969297), not via libva — explicit acknowledgement from David Turner that libavcodec needs to retain the SPS context for the strict driver to accept the control batch.

What end-users actually do today: run Pi OS (downstream-patched ffmpeg

• downstream kernel) or LibreELEC (Kwiboo's patches + downstream kernel). Anyone on a stock distro outside those two: no HW HEVC on Pi 5.

Nobody who has authority to merge has skin in the game. Everyone with skin in the game lacks authority. Result: 8-year stalemate, three forks of working code, no merged upstream.

What this means for this backend

We chose to extend libva-v4l2-request into Pi 5 territory because the architecture maps cleanly onto the existing iter38 multi-device probe. That work landed (iter40 commit 3ffa9d0, iter40b commit 071b08d). It's reusable infrastructure for any future strict V4L2 stateless decoder that ffmpeg ships before libva does.

But the user-facing Pi 5 HEVC story will not come from this backend. The backend was a clean architectural target inside a coordination dead-end. The actual Pi 5 HEVC path through libva requires either:

• a VAAPI extension exposing the SPS scalars rpi-hevc-dec validates against (Intel-driven; no Pi-aligned principal),
• a libva-internal VABufferType for raw SPS/PPS NAL bytes (no maintainer),
• ffmpeg-vaapi forwarding num_entry_point_offsets to backends (small upstream patch; no champion), OR
• the political situation around Kwiboo's series unblocks (no visible movement).

iter40 + iter40b are landed but parked. The fresnel + ampere sibling paths are unaffected (5/5 fresnel + 9 profiles ampere verified post-iter40b, no regression). Phase 8 packaging is deliberately skipped — shipping a .deb whose primary advertised target (Pi 5) doesn't actually decode would mislead users.

See phase0_pi5_hevc.md, phase1_pi5_hevc.md, phase5_pi5_hevc_review.md, phase7_pi5_hevc_close.md for the chapter's full empirical record.

Instructions

In order to use this backend, set the LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME environment variable:

export LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME=v4l2_request

Then a VA-API-capable player can decode supported codecs on a probed device:

vlc path/to/video.mp4
mpv --hwdec=vaapi path/to/video.mp4
ffmpeg -hwaccel vaapi -hwaccel_output_format vaapi -i in.mp4 -f null -

The backend auto-detects available decoders via the V4L2 media topology walk; honors LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_VIDEO_PATH and LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_MEDIA_PATH for explicit device selection.

Technical Notes

Multi-device probe (iter38)

A single libva session opens both rkvdec and hantro-vpu (and, on hosts where it's present, rpi-hevc-dec) at init. RequestCreateConfig re-targets the active fd per profile via request_switch_device_for_profile(). Pool teardown happens at switch time; the next CreateContext rebuilds against the right device.

Surface / Context / Picture / Image

A Surface is an internal data structure containing rendering output. A Context owns the V4L2 lifecycle (S_FMT, CAPTURE pool, ctrl-batch defaults) for one decode session. A Picture is one encoded input frame's set of buffers. An Image is a Standard VA pixel-format view on a decoded Surface — the backend detiles SAND/COL128 or unpacks NV15 to NV12/P010 here so consumers see linear pitches.

The real rendering is in EndPicture, not RenderPicture, because the kernel needs the full extended-control batch when the OUTPUT buffer is queued, and RenderPicture order is consumer-defined.