Merge pull request 'v3d_runner: SPV path search + bench preflight — RETRACTS PR #36's headline' (#37) from noether/spv-search-and-bench-retract into main

Reviewed-on: #37

.gitignore

@@ -11,3 +11,4 @@ build-*/
 # Forensic snapshot of the corrupted .git from 2026-05-18 10:25
 # working-tree wipe. Retained on disk for inspection; not tracked.
 .git-broken-2026-05-18/
+.claude/

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -284,7 +284,145 @@ if (DAEDALUS_BUILD_VULKAN)
         VERBATIM
     )
 
-    add_custom_target(daedalus_shaders ALL DEPENDS ${NOOP_SPV} ${IDCT8_SPV} ${LPF_SPV} ${MC_SPV} ${LPF8_SPV} ${CDEF_SPV} ${H264DEBLOCK_SPV})
+    set(H264DEBLOCK_H_SPV ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/v3d_h264deblock_h.spv)
+    add_custom_command(
+        OUTPUT ${H264DEBLOCK_H_SPV}
+        COMMAND ${GLSLANG_VALIDATOR} -V --target-env vulkan1.3
+                -o ${H264DEBLOCK_H_SPV}
+                ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264deblock_h.comp
+        DEPENDS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264deblock_h.comp
+        COMMENT "glslang: v3d_h264deblock_h.comp -> v3d_h264deblock_h.spv"
+        VERBATIM
+    )
+
+    set(H264DEBLOCK_CHROMA_V_SPV ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/v3d_h264deblock_chroma_v.spv)
+    add_custom_command(
+        OUTPUT ${H264DEBLOCK_CHROMA_V_SPV}
+        COMMAND ${GLSLANG_VALIDATOR} -V --target-env vulkan1.3
+                -o ${H264DEBLOCK_CHROMA_V_SPV}
+                ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264deblock_chroma_v.comp
+        DEPENDS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264deblock_chroma_v.comp
+        COMMENT "glslang: v3d_h264deblock_chroma_v.comp -> .spv"
+        VERBATIM
+    )
+
+    set(H264DEBLOCK_CHROMA_H_SPV ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/v3d_h264deblock_chroma_h.spv)
+    add_custom_command(
+        OUTPUT ${H264DEBLOCK_CHROMA_H_SPV}
+        COMMAND ${GLSLANG_VALIDATOR} -V --target-env vulkan1.3
+                -o ${H264DEBLOCK_CHROMA_H_SPV}
+                ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264deblock_chroma_h.comp
+        DEPENDS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264deblock_chroma_h.comp
+        COMMENT "glslang: v3d_h264deblock_chroma_h.comp -> .spv"
+        VERBATIM
+    )
+
+    # Intra (bS=4) deblock shaders — strong/weak filter selector per
+    # H.264 §8.3.2.3.  4 variants (luma_v/h + chroma_v/h).
+    foreach(_kind luma_v_intra luma_h_intra chroma_v_intra chroma_h_intra)
+        set(_spv ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/v3d_h264deblock_${_kind}.spv)
+        add_custom_command(
+            OUTPUT ${_spv}
+            COMMAND ${GLSLANG_VALIDATOR} -V --target-env vulkan1.3
+                    -o ${_spv}
+                    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264deblock_${_kind}.comp
+            DEPENDS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264deblock_${_kind}.comp
+            COMMENT "glslang: v3d_h264deblock_${_kind}.comp -> .spv"
+            VERBATIM
+        )
+        set(H264DEBLOCK_${_kind}_SPV ${_spv})
+    endforeach()
+
+    set(H264_IDCT4_SPV ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/v3d_h264_idct4.spv)
+    add_custom_command(
+        OUTPUT ${H264_IDCT4_SPV}
+        COMMAND ${GLSLANG_VALIDATOR} -V --target-env vulkan1.3
+                -o ${H264_IDCT4_SPV}
+                ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264_idct4.comp
+        DEPENDS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264_idct4.comp
+        COMMENT "glslang: v3d_h264_idct4.comp -> v3d_h264_idct4.spv"
+        VERBATIM
+    )
+
+    set(H264_IDCT8_SPV ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/v3d_h264_idct8.spv)
+    add_custom_command(
+        OUTPUT ${H264_IDCT8_SPV}
+        COMMAND ${GLSLANG_VALIDATOR} -V --target-env vulkan1.3
+                -o ${H264_IDCT8_SPV}
+                ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264_idct8.comp
+        DEPENDS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264_idct8.comp
+        COMMENT "glslang: v3d_h264_idct8.comp -> v3d_h264_idct8.spv"
+        VERBATIM
+    )
+
+    set(H264_QPEL_MC20_SPV ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/v3d_h264_qpel_mc20.spv)
+    add_custom_command(
+        OUTPUT ${H264_QPEL_MC20_SPV}
+        COMMAND ${GLSLANG_VALIDATOR} -V --target-env vulkan1.3
+                -o ${H264_QPEL_MC20_SPV}
+                ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc20.comp
+        DEPENDS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc20.comp
+        COMMENT "glslang: v3d_h264_qpel_mc20.comp -> v3d_h264_qpel_mc20.spv"
+        VERBATIM
+    )
+
+    set(H264_QPEL_MC02_SPV ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/v3d_h264_qpel_mc02.spv)
+    add_custom_command(
+        OUTPUT ${H264_QPEL_MC02_SPV}
+        COMMAND ${GLSLANG_VALIDATOR} -V --target-env vulkan1.3
+                -o ${H264_QPEL_MC02_SPV}
+                ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc02.comp
+        DEPENDS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc02.comp
+        COMMENT "glslang: v3d_h264_qpel_mc02.comp -> v3d_h264_qpel_mc02.spv"
+        VERBATIM
+    )
+
+    set(H264_QPEL_MC22_SPV ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/v3d_h264_qpel_mc22.spv)
+    add_custom_command(
+        OUTPUT ${H264_QPEL_MC22_SPV}
+        COMMAND ${GLSLANG_VALIDATOR} -V --target-env vulkan1.3
+                -o ${H264_QPEL_MC22_SPV}
+                ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc22.comp
+        DEPENDS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc22.comp
+        COMMENT "glslang: v3d_h264_qpel_mc22.comp -> v3d_h264_qpel_mc22.spv"
+        VERBATIM
+    )
+
+    # Quarter-pel single-axis variants (mc10/30/01/03) + diagonal
+    # variants (mc11/12/13/21/23/31/32/33) — each composes 1-2 half-pel
+    # results with optional L2 averaging.  Same WG geometry as mc20/mc02.
+    foreach(_mc mc10 mc30 mc01 mc03 mc11 mc12 mc13 mc21 mc23 mc31 mc32 mc33)
+        set(_spv ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/v3d_h264_qpel_${_mc}.spv)
+        add_custom_command(
+            OUTPUT ${_spv}
+            COMMAND ${GLSLANG_VALIDATOR} -V --target-env vulkan1.3
+                    -o ${_spv}
+                    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264_qpel_${_mc}.comp
+            DEPENDS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264_qpel_${_mc}.comp
+            COMMENT "glslang: v3d_h264_qpel_${_mc}.comp -> .spv"
+            VERBATIM
+        )
+        set(H264_QPEL_${_mc}_SPV ${_spv})
+    endforeach()
+
+    # avg_ biprediction variants — same shader as put_ + extra L2 with
+    # existing dst.  All 15 useful positions.
+    foreach(_mc mc20 mc02 mc22 mc10 mc30 mc01 mc03
+                mc11 mc12 mc13 mc21 mc23 mc31 mc32 mc33)
+        set(_spv ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/v3d_h264_qpel_avg_${_mc}.spv)
+        add_custom_command(
+            OUTPUT ${_spv}
+            COMMAND ${GLSLANG_VALIDATOR} -V --target-env vulkan1.3
+                    -o ${_spv}
+                    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264_qpel_avg_${_mc}.comp
+            DEPENDS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/v3d_h264_qpel_avg_${_mc}.comp
+            COMMENT "glslang: v3d_h264_qpel_avg_${_mc}.comp -> .spv"
+            VERBATIM
+        )
+        set(H264_QPEL_avg_${_mc}_SPV ${_spv})
+    endforeach()
+
+    add_custom_target(daedalus_shaders ALL DEPENDS ${NOOP_SPV} ${IDCT8_SPV} ${LPF_SPV} ${MC_SPV} ${LPF8_SPV} ${CDEF_SPV} ${H264DEBLOCK_SPV} ${H264DEBLOCK_H_SPV} ${H264DEBLOCK_CHROMA_V_SPV} ${H264DEBLOCK_CHROMA_H_SPV} ${H264DEBLOCK_luma_v_intra_SPV} ${H264DEBLOCK_luma_h_intra_SPV} ${H264DEBLOCK_chroma_v_intra_SPV} ${H264DEBLOCK_chroma_h_intra_SPV} ${H264_IDCT4_SPV} ${H264_IDCT8_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_MC20_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_MC02_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_MC22_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_mc10_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_mc30_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_mc01_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_mc03_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_mc11_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_mc12_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_mc13_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_mc21_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_mc23_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_mc31_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_mc32_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_mc33_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc20_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc02_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc22_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc10_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc30_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc01_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc03_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc11_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc12_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc13_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc21_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc23_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc31_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc32_SPV} ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc33_SPV})
 
     # v3d_runner — reusable Vulkan plumbing.
     add_library(v3d_runner STATIC src/v3d_runner.c)
@@ -358,6 +496,11 @@ endif()
 
 add_library(daedalus_core STATIC
     src/daedalus_core.c
+    src/h264_chroma_dc.c
+    src/h264_intra_pred_4x4.c
+    src/h264_intra_pred_16x16.c
+    src/h264_intra_pred_chroma8x8.c
+    src/h264_intra_pred_8x8_luma.c
     src/v3d_runner.c
     ${FFASM_SOURCES}
     ${FFASM_LPF_SOURCES}
@@ -365,6 +508,7 @@ add_library(daedalus_core STATIC
     ${FFC_MC_SOURCES}
     ${FFASM_H264IDCT_SOURCES}
     ${FFASM_H264DSP_SOURCES}
+    ${FFASM_H264QPEL_SOURCES}
     ${DAV1D_CDEF_ASM_SOURCES}
     ${DAV1D_CDEF_C_SOURCES}
 )
@@ -411,6 +555,45 @@ if (DAEDALUS_BUILD_VULKAN)
         ${LPF8_SPV}
         ${CDEF_SPV}
         ${H264DEBLOCK_SPV}
+        ${H264DEBLOCK_H_SPV}
+        ${H264DEBLOCK_CHROMA_V_SPV}
+        ${H264DEBLOCK_CHROMA_H_SPV}
+        ${H264DEBLOCK_luma_v_intra_SPV}
+        ${H264DEBLOCK_luma_h_intra_SPV}
+        ${H264DEBLOCK_chroma_v_intra_SPV}
+        ${H264DEBLOCK_chroma_h_intra_SPV}
+        ${H264_IDCT4_SPV}
+        ${H264_IDCT8_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_MC20_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_MC02_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_MC22_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_mc10_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_mc30_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_mc01_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_mc03_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_mc11_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_mc12_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_mc13_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_mc21_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_mc23_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_mc31_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_mc32_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_mc33_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc20_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc02_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc22_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc10_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc30_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc01_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc03_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc11_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc12_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc13_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc21_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc23_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc31_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc32_SPV}
+        ${H264_QPEL_avg_mc33_SPV}
         DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_DATADIR}/daedalus-fourier/shaders
     )
 endif()
@@ -418,9 +601,33 @@ endif()
 # pkg-config file.  Vulkan goes in Requires.private (consumer's
 # pkg-config call gets it via --static).  pthread + dl are needed
 # by the static archive's runtime helpers.
+#
+# `prefix` is derived from ${pcfiledir} so the .pc is relocatable:
+# pkg-config substitutes ${pcfiledir} with the directory holding the
+# .pc at lookup time, and the relative path from
+# <prefix>/<libdir>/pkgconfig back to <prefix> tells pkg-config the
+# install prefix without baking it in.  This is why
+# `cmake --install build --prefix /foo` produces a .pc that correctly
+# resolves `prefix=/foo` instead of baking whatever CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX
+# was at *configure* time (default /usr/local).  DESTDIR-staged
+# installs work too: at runtime pkg-config sees the .pc at its real
+# install path and computes the right prefix.
+#
+# Relative-path depth is computed from CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR (and
+# whatever multiarch tuple GNUInstallDirs adds) so Debian-style
+# `lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/...` resolves with the right number
+# of `..` components.  Layouts where libdir is *not* under prefix are
+# not supported by this scheme; if a packager overrides libdir to an
+# absolute path the relative-path machinery falls back to the absolute
+# value (CMake's file(RELATIVE_PATH) prepends `..` until they meet),
+# which is also relocatable but no longer prefix-agnostic.
+file(RELATIVE_PATH PKGCONFIG_PCDIR_TO_PREFIX
+    "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/pkgconfig"
+    "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}")
+
 set(PKGCONFIG_OUT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/daedalus-fourier.pc)
 file(WRITE ${PKGCONFIG_OUT}
-"prefix=${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}
+"prefix=\${pcfiledir}/${PKGCONFIG_PCDIR_TO_PREFIX}
 exec_prefix=\${prefix}
 libdir=\${prefix}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
 includedir=\${prefix}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}
@@ -458,6 +665,16 @@ add_executable(test_api_h264
     tests/h264_idct4_ref.c
     tests/h264_idct8_ref.c
     tests/h264_deblock_ref.c
+    tests/h264_h_loop_filter_luma_ref.c
+    tests/h264_chroma_loop_filter_ref.c
+    tests/h264_intra_loop_filter_ref.c
+    tests/h264_qpel8_mc20_ref.c
+    tests/h264_qpel8_mc02_ref.c
+    tests/h264_qpel8_mc22_ref.c
+    tests/h264_qpel8_quarter_axis_ref.c
+    tests/h264_qpel8_diag_ref.c
+    tests/h264_qpel8_avg_anchors_ref.c
+    tests/h264_qpel8_avg_rest_ref.c
 )
 target_link_libraries(test_api_h264 PRIVATE daedalus_core)
 target_compile_options(test_api_h264 PRIVATE -O2)
@@ -466,6 +683,51 @@ add_executable(test_api_opportunistic_qpu tests/test_api_opportunistic_qpu.c)
 target_link_libraries(test_api_opportunistic_qpu PRIVATE daedalus_core)
 target_compile_options(test_api_opportunistic_qpu PRIVATE -O2)
 
+# H.264 Intra_4x4 luma prediction (9 modes) — public src primitives.
+# The bodies now live in src/h264_intra_pred_4x4.c (linked into
+# daedalus_core for use by libavcodec.so substitution-arc consumers).
+# This test exercises the public symbols.
+add_executable(test_intra_pred_4x4 tests/test_intra_pred_4x4.c)
+target_link_libraries(test_intra_pred_4x4 PRIVATE daedalus_core)
+target_compile_options(test_intra_pred_4x4 PRIVATE -O2)
+
+# H.264 Intra_16x16 luma prediction (4 modes) — public src primitives,
+# linked from daedalus_core.
+add_executable(test_intra_pred_16x16 tests/test_intra_pred_16x16.c)
+target_link_libraries(test_intra_pred_16x16 PRIVATE daedalus_core)
+target_compile_options(test_intra_pred_16x16 PRIVATE -O2)
+
+# H.264 Intra_8x8 chroma prediction (4 modes) — public src primitives.
+add_executable(test_intra_pred_chroma8x8 tests/test_intra_pred_chroma8x8.c)
+target_link_libraries(test_intra_pred_chroma8x8 PRIVATE daedalus_core)
+target_compile_options(test_intra_pred_chroma8x8 PRIVATE -O2)
+
+# H.264 Intra_8x8 luma prediction (High profile, 9 modes + 1-2-1
+# pre-filter) — public src primitives.
+add_executable(test_intra_pred_8x8_luma tests/test_intra_pred_8x8_luma.c)
+target_link_libraries(test_intra_pred_8x8_luma PRIVATE daedalus_core)
+target_compile_options(test_intra_pred_8x8_luma PRIVATE -O2)
+
+# H.264 chroma DC 2x2 Hadamard pre-pass primitive.  Pure transform,
+# no QP-dependent scaling (that's caller-side composition).
+add_executable(test_chroma_dc_hadamard
+    tests/test_chroma_dc_hadamard.c
+    tests/h264_chroma_dc_hadamard_ref.c
+)
+# Links daedalus_core to pull in the public daedalus_h264_chroma_dc_hadamard_2x2
+# symbol (for the public-API parity test added in this PR).
+target_link_libraries(test_chroma_dc_hadamard PRIVATE daedalus_core)
+target_compile_options(test_chroma_dc_hadamard PRIVATE -O2)
+
+# H.264 primitives latency benchmark (NEON CPU baseline).
+add_executable(bench_h264_primitives tests/bench_h264_primitives.c)
+target_link_libraries(bench_h264_primitives PRIVATE daedalus_core)
+target_compile_options(bench_h264_primitives PRIVATE -O2)
+
+add_executable(bench_pool_overhead tests/bench_pool_overhead.c)
+target_link_libraries(bench_pool_overhead PRIVATE daedalus_core)
+target_compile_options(bench_pool_overhead PRIVATE -O2)
+
 if (DAEDALUS_BUILD_VULKAN)
 # (re-open the conditional so the closing endif() below balances)
 

daedalus_architecture_backlog.md

@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+# Daedalus architecture backlog
+
+**Status:** design draft, **not** scheduled. Captured 2026-05-23 after the cycle 9 close, while Pi 5 H.264 deployment is still settling on higgs. The pivot described here is **deferred until a second SoC creates a forcing function** — see "Why deferred" at the bottom.
+
+This document is forward-looking. It describes the generalized multi-SoC daedalus daemon architecture, but the immediate work block stays "finish Pi 5". Re-read this when:
+
+- HW decode on noether (Pi 4, the user's interactive workstation) becomes a real ask and rpivid upstream is still unstable. This is the most likely trigger — same SoC class as Pi 5 but weaker V3D 4.x, so the caps-file mechanism plus an extra row's worth of substrate measurements.
+- AV1 playback on boltzmann (RK3588) starts mattering. rkvdec doesn't cover AV1, so the daedalus path becomes the only HW-accelerated option, and Mali Valhall compute substrate decisions need their own caps row.
+- libva-v4l2-request-fourier evolves to need multi-node negotiation (today it picks the first matching V4L2 node; a host with both rkvdec and daedalus-v4l2 nodes wants a preference policy).
+
+Until then: this is decision context, not a TODO.
+
+---
+
+## What we have today (2026-05-23)
+
+The current stack is **Pi 5 specific** by deliberate construction:
+
+```
+Firefox / mpv
+  └─ libva-fourier (VAAPI)
+       └─ libva-v4l2-request-fourier (V4L2 stateless consumer)
+            └─ /dev/video0 (daedalus_v4l2 kernel char-dev shim)
+                 └─ /dev/daedalus-v4l2 → userspace daemon (Option γ)
+                      └─ dlopen libavcodec.so.62 (Kwiboo FFmpeg fork)
+                           └─ daedalus-fourier kernels (NEON + V3D opportunistic)
+                                ├─ cycle 1: VP9 IDCT 8x8       (V3D QPU)
+                                ├─ cycle 2: VP9 LPF wd=4       (V3D QPU)
+                                ├─ cycle 3: VP9 MC 8h          (CPU NEON)
+                                ├─ cycle 4: VP9 LPF wd=8       (V3D QPU)
+                                ├─ cycle 5: AV1 CDEF 8x8       (CPU NEON; QPU opportunistic helper)
+                                ├─ cycle 6: H.264 IDCT 4x4     (CPU NEON)
+                                ├─ cycle 7: H.264 IDCT 8x8     (CPU NEON)
+                                ├─ cycle 8: H.264 luma-v deblk (CPU NEON; QPU opportunistic helper)
+                                └─ cycle 9: H.264 luma qpel mc20 (CPU NEON)
+```
+
+Two things in this stack **already** look like the generalized architecture:
+
+1. **`daedalus_recipe_dispatch_*` is already the runtime substrate selector.** Public-API functions in `include/daedalus.h` (cycles 6–9 added the H.264 family on 2026-05-21 through 2026-05-23). Per-kernel substrate decisions live in `daedalus_recipe_substrate_for(daedalus_kernel k)` — currently a hard-coded switch, but a data-driven version is a near-mechanical rewrite.
+
+2. **libva-v4l2-request-fourier already abstracts over "any V4L2 stateless decoder node".** On RK3588 the same VAAPI driver consumes rkvdec directly with no daedalus daemon in the path; on Pi 5 it consumes the daedalus_v4l2 shim. The cross-SoC seam is **at the V4L2 device level**, which is the right place — it's how the upstream V4L2 stateless API was designed to work.
+
+So the generalization needed is smaller than it looks. Most of the abstraction surface is already in place; what's missing is **substrate-table data per SoC** and a **second daemon backend** for codec-level pass-through to vendor decoders.
+
+---
+
+## Problem statement
+
+The mfritsche fleet has heterogeneous aarch64 hardware decoders:
+
+| SoC | Host(s) | H.264 | HEVC | VP9 | AV1 | GPU compute |
+|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+| BCM2712 (Pi 5) | higgs, hertz, broglie, tesla (LXD on hertz) | none | V3D7 (rpi-hevc-dec — SPS quirks) | none | none | V3D7 (Vulkan compute, queryable) |
+| BCM2711 (Pi 4) | noether (interactive workstation), dcw3, dcw2 | rpivid (out of tree, unstable) | rpivid (out of tree, unstable) | none | none | V3D4 (Vulkan compute, weaker) |
+| RK3588 | boltzmann (32 GB, kernel-dev / MCP hub, 8 W always-on) | rkvdec V4L2 stateless (upstream) | rkvdec V4L2 stateless | rkvdec V4L2 stateless | none (rkvdec lacks AV1) | Mali Valhall (panvk-bifrost-video in dev) + RK NPU |
+| Allwinner H6 | (not in current fleet, but Cedrus exists upstream) | Cedrus V4L2 | Cedrus V4L2 | none | none | Mali Bifrost |
+
+No single SoC has a complete codec set. RK3588 lacks AV1; Pi 5 lacks H.264 + VP9 + AV1; Pi 4 has rpivid (out-of-tree, kernel-version-fragile); Allwinner Cedrus is H.264/HEVC only.
+
+A note on the Pi 5 row: hertz and tesla share hardware (tesla is an LXD container hosted on hertz) but are operationally distinct — tesla is the distcc/MCP worker, hertz is the LXD host with all the cron automations and the 17-tool lmcp hub. From a daedalus deployment perspective they count as **one** Pi 5 substrate; from a workflow perspective they're separate boxes.
+
+A note on noether: it's the user's interactive workstation (Pi 4, BCM2711). Firefox + mpv run here. Any "I want HW decode on my main box" pressure lands first on this host, which puts Pi 4 (V3D4 + maybe-rpivid) closer to the front of the queue than the original draft of this document suggested.
+
+The current daedalus model — "kernel substitution + libavcodec front end" — is the right answer for **Pi 5 specifically**, where no usable kernel V4L2 stateless decoder exists for the codecs we care about, and a Vulkan-capable GPU (V3D7) is available to help on a few kernels.
+
+The model is **not** the right answer for SoCs that already have working V4L2 stateless decoders for the requested codec — those should be passed through, not re-implemented through libavcodec + kernel substitution.
+
+---
+
+## The conceptual gap
+
+A naïve "shaders per SoC" generalization runs into the fact that **hardware decoders are not made of shaders**. rkvdec on RK3588, Hantro G1/G2 on Allwinner, VPU8 on Amlogic, even the rpi-hevc-dec block on Pi 5 — these are **bitstream-in, NV12-out** monoliths that do not expose intermediate kernel slots. You cannot route "their IDCT" through one substrate and "their MC" through another; they are opaque pipelines.
+
+This forces a **two-backend daemon**:
+
+- **Substrate-composed backend.** What we have today. Used when no hardware decoder for the requested codec exists on this SoC. Front end is libavcodec (entropy decode, slice headers); kernel hot paths run through `daedalus_recipe_dispatch_*` with substrate chosen per (SoC × kernel).
+
+- **Pass-through backend.** Used when a hardware decoder for the requested codec exists. Daemon (or, more realistically, the kernel V4L2 shim itself) forwards the bitstream to the vendor V4L2 stateless node and returns the decoded frame. No kernel substitution. Effectively a no-op from the daemon's perspective — and in fact, **libva-v4l2-request-fourier can already talk to the vendor node directly** without going through the daedalus daemon at all.
+
+The routing decision is **per (SoC × codec)**:
+
+| | Pi 5 | Pi 4 | RK3588 | Allwinner H6 |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| H.264 | substrate-composed (NEON+QPU) | substrate-composed (NEON only — V3D4 too weak) **or** rpivid pass-through if stable | rkvdec pass-through | Cedrus pass-through |
+| HEVC | rpi-hevc-dec pass-through (when SPS quirks fixed) **or** substrate-composed | rpivid pass-through | rkvdec pass-through | Cedrus pass-through |
+| VP9 | substrate-composed | substrate-composed | rkvdec pass-through | substrate-composed |
+| AV1 | substrate-composed | substrate-composed (slow) | substrate-composed | substrate-composed |
+
+Note: on RK3588 + every codec rkvdec supports, the **daedalus daemon is bypassed entirely** — libva talks to rkvdec directly. The daemon is only ever in the path on SoCs where at least one codec needs substrate-composition.
+
+---
+
+## Refined architecture sketch
+
+If/when we do this:
+
+```
+/usr/lib/daedalus/
+├── shaders/                      # SPIR-V binaries, one set for all Vulkan-
+│                                 # capable SoCs (V3D7, V3D4, Mali Valhall,
+│                                 # Mali Bifrost, Adreno). SPIR-V is portable
+│                                 # by design — the per-SoC fragmentation is
+│                                 # *which kernels are worth running on GPU*,
+│                                 # not the binaries themselves.
+│
+├── caps/                         # per-SoC substrate selection tables
+│   ├── bcm2712.toml              # Pi 5 (V3D7, no H.264 HW)
+│   ├── bcm2711.toml              # Pi 4 (V3D4, rpivid optional)
+│   ├── rk3588.toml               # RK3588 (rkvdec covers most codecs;
+│   │                             # substrate-composed only for AV1)
+│   ├── allwinner-h6.toml         # Cedrus
+│   └── default.toml              # unknown SoC: CPU NEON only,
+│                                 # libavcodec front-end + kernel pack
+│
+└── plugins/                      # ONLY for pass-through to vendor decoders
+    ├── rkvdec_passthrough.so     # forward bitstream to /dev/video-rkvdec
+    ├── cedrus_passthrough.so
+    └── rpivid_passthrough.so     # if we ever stabilize rpivid
+
+```
+
+Daemon startup probe:
+
+1. Read `/proc/device-tree/compatible` (or `/sys/firmware/devicetree/.../compatible`); fall back to DMI on x86 (won't apply in practice — fleet is aarch64-only).
+2. Match against caps files; load the matching `<soc>.toml`.
+3. Enumerate `/dev/video*` and `/dev/media*`; classify each as {daedalus-shim, vendor-stateless, vendor-stateful, unknown}.
+4. For each codec the caps file declares as "pass-through-preferred": load the matching `plugins/<vendor>_passthrough.so`. On dlopen failure, fall back to substrate-composed.
+5. Build per-codec routing table; advertise the union through V4L2 to libva.
+
+**Caps file shape** (illustrative — final TOML keys TBD):
+
+```toml
+# bcm2712.toml — Pi 5, V3D7 GPU compute available; no codec HW decoders
+compatible = ["raspberrypi,5-model-b", "brcm,bcm2712"]
+
+[gpu]
+substrate = "v3d-vulkan"
+device_match = "V3D 7"   # Vulkan VkPhysicalDeviceProperties.deviceName regex
+
+[codecs.h264]
+backend = "substrate-composed"
+[codecs.h264.kernels]
+idct4     = "cpu"
+idct8     = "cpu"
+deblock_lv = "cpu"  # opportunistic = "gpu" — see cycle 8 docs
+qpel_mc20 = "cpu"
+
+[codecs.vp9]
+backend = "substrate-composed"
+[codecs.vp9.kernels]
+idct8 = "gpu"
+lpf4  = "gpu"
+mc_8h = "cpu"
+lpf8  = "gpu"
+
+[codecs.av1]
+backend = "substrate-composed"
+[codecs.av1.kernels]
+cdef = "cpu"  # opportunistic = "gpu"
+```
+
+```toml
+# rk3588.toml — rkvdec covers H.264/HEVC/VP9; AV1 falls to substrate-composed
+compatible = ["rockchip,rk3588", "rockchip,rk3588s"]
+
+[gpu]
+substrate = "mali-valhall"
+device_match = "Mali-G610"
+
+[codecs.h264]
+backend = "passthrough"
+plugin  = "rkvdec_passthrough.so"
+v4l2_node_match = "rkvdec"
+
+[codecs.hevc]
+backend = "passthrough"
+plugin  = "rkvdec_passthrough.so"
+
+[codecs.vp9]
+backend = "passthrough"
+plugin  = "rkvdec_passthrough.so"
+
+[codecs.av1]
+backend = "substrate-composed"
+[codecs.av1.kernels]
+cdef = "cpu"   # Mali Valhall opportunistic = TBD
+```
+
+Pass-through plugins are *thin* — they translate the daedalus daemon's wire protocol to the vendor's V4L2 stateless ioctls (which they often already are; the plugin is mostly a fd-forward and buffer-copy). The substrate-composed backend stays as it is today.
+
+---
+
+## Where it gets hard
+
+1. **Caps-file authorship.** Each new SoC needs measurement-driven entries (M3 thresholds, R-band verdicts) — that's the entire daedalus-fourier cycle 1–9 dance, done per SoC. Pi 5 took ~3 weeks. Pi 4 V3D4 is probably 1–2 weeks (same kernels, weaker GPU; mostly verifying CPU verdicts hold). RK3588 is mostly pass-through, so caps work is light there.
+
+2. **Probing without hard-coded fragility.** `/proc/device-tree/compatible` strings are not stable identifiers (Raspberry Pi has changed compatible across kernel versions). Caps files should match on multiple compatible strings + Vulkan device-name regex + V4L2 driver-name (`v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 -D`), majority-voting style.
+
+3. **Error-fallback paths.** Pass-through plugin dlopen failure → fall back to substrate-composed. Substrate kernel returns error → fall back to libavcodec stock NEON. Each fallback layer adds error-handling code and increases test surface.
+
+4. **Stateful vs stateless decoders.** Some vendors expose stateful V4L2 (Hantro H.264 on some chips); others expose stateless. The daedalus daemon's wire protocol is shaped around stateless. Pass-through plugins for stateful decoders need a state-machine adapter, not just an fd forward.
+
+5. **CI matrix explosion.** Per-SoC build × per-codec smoke × per-plugin presence. Need to decide which combinations are gated CI vs nightly.
+
+6. **The "libva picks the right node" problem.** Today libva-v4l2-request-fourier picks the first matching V4L2 node. On a host with both rkvdec **and** daedalus-v4l2 present (unlikely but possible — e.g. an RK3588 host with daedalus-v4l2 installed for testing), how does it pick? Probably: prefer vendor stateless over daedalus shim, configurable via env. This logic belongs in libva-v4l2-request-fourier, not the daemon.
+
+---
+
+## Why deferred (and the forcing function)
+
+**Today's calculus:**
+
+- Pi 5 (higgs + hertz + broglie + tesla) is **four hosts**, but **one SoC**. Adding the fifth Pi 5 host wouldn't pressure-test the architecture; they all share BCM2712 caps so the substrate decisions are identical across the row.
+- boltzmann (RK3588) is the only non-Pi-5 always-on host in the fleet, and it uses rkvdec directly through libva-v4l2-request-fourier — daedalus daemon is **not in the path** for any RK3588 codec on it. The "RK3588 support" the architecture above proposes is mostly a no-op routing decision plus an AV1 fallback that doesn't yet measure on Mali. No forcing pressure from boltzmann today.
+- noether (Pi 4, this user's interactive workstation) and dcw3/dcw2 (also Pi 4) are the real second-SoC candidates. The gate is rpivid upstream stability: if it lands cleanly, Pi 4 takes the pass-through path with zero kernel substitution work. If it stays out-of-tree-fragile, **then** the substrate-composed path with V3D4 + NEON becomes the right backend for Pi 4, and we need the per-SoC caps mechanism to handle V3D4's weaker compute.
+- The recipe layer in daedalus-fourier already scales cleanly. Adding more substrates is incremental, not architectural.
+
+**The forcing function that flips this from "deferred" to "do it":**
+
+- **noether-as-Firefox-host** — the user starts wanting HW decode on their main workstation and rpivid is still not stable upstream. Implies a Pi 4 substrate-composed path, which means at minimum a second caps file and the loader for it. At that point, building the full pluggable scaffold becomes proportionate. This is the most likely trigger; noether is already a daily-driver Pi 4.
+- **boltzmann-as-AV1-decoder** — RK3588 has no AV1 HW decoder, and the user wants AV1 playback there (currently CPU-only). Triggers a cycle-5–equivalent measurement campaign on Mali Valhall to see whether `daedalus_recipe_dispatch_cdef_8x8` (or follow-on AV1 kernels) is worth running on Mali compute. If yes, we need an RK3588 caps file that overrides only the AV1 row while leaving H.264/HEVC/VP9 on rkvdec pass-through.
+- **Or:** a third-party Pi 5 user needs to swap shaders for V3D firmware experiments without rebuilding the daemon — at that point dynamic shader loading + caps overrides become a feature ask.
+
+Until one of those happens: keep daedalus daemon Pi 5 specific. Push cross-SoC abstraction *up* to libva-v4l2-request-fourier (which already does most of it) rather than *down* into the daemon.
+
+---
+
+## Open questions
+
+1. **Where do caps files live?** `/usr/lib/daedalus/caps/` (package-provided) vs `/etc/daedalus/caps/` (admin override) vs both with merge precedence. Final call deferred.
+
+2. **Does the daemon even need plugins?** A simpler design: daemon does substrate-composed only; pass-through is handled by libva-v4l2-request-fourier preferring the vendor node when present. Removes the entire plugin layer and pushes the codec-routing decision to the consumer. Probably the right call — re-evaluate when designing.
+
+3. **Per-process vs per-system substrate choice.** Today libavcodec uses `daedalus_ctx_create_no_qpu()` (no Vulkan init in arbitrary host processes). If the daemon centralizes substrate decisions, the per-process compromise can be relaxed — but at the cost of more daemon ↔ libavcodec round-trips per kernel. Cost/benefit unclear without measurement.
+
+4. **AV1 on Mali compute.** RK3588 has no AV1 HW decoder. Mali Valhall has compute. Is `daedalus_recipe_dispatch_cdef_8x8` worth running on Mali instead of NEON? Unknown — needs a cycle 5–equivalent measurement campaign on RK3588 before any RK3588-specific caps entry can be authored.
+
+5. **What's the deliverable for the architecture revisit?** Probably a fresh repo (`daedalus-platform/` ?) that wraps daedalus-fourier + daedalus-v4l2 + caps files + plugins. Or fold everything into daedalus-v4l2 since the daemon already lives there. Final call deferred until the forcing function is concrete.
+
+---
+
+## Decision log
+
+| Date | Decision | Reason |
+|---|---|---|
+| 2026-05-23 | **Defer generalization.** Finish Pi 5 substitution arc (cycle 9 PR #90 pending), then pivot to bug-fix backlog (daemon SEGV #145, D-state #146) before architecture work. | Architecture pivot is a multi-week scope; Pi 5 path is the only user-visible motivator today; deferring loses nothing because the recipe layer already abstracts kernels and libva-v4l2-request-fourier already abstracts V4L2 nodes. |
+| 2026-05-23 | **Document the design now, even though it's deferred.** | Captures the conceptual gap (shaders ≠ hardware decoders) and the two-backend conclusion while the analysis is fresh; saves re-litigating in 3–6 months. |
+| 2026-05-23 | **Correct fleet hardware mapping.** Original draft had hertz/tesla under RK3588 and omitted boltzmann + noether entirely. Verified via `/proc/device-tree/compatible`: hertz + tesla are Pi 5 (BCM2712), noether is Pi 4 (BCM2711), boltzmann is the only RK3588 in the fleet. Adjusted "Why deferred" / forcing-function reasoning accordingly — Pi 5 row is now 4 hosts (one SoC), noether is the realistic Pi 4 trigger, boltzmann is the realistic RK3588 trigger via AV1. | Original draft was speculative on host-to-SoC mapping; verified state changes which forcing functions are credible. |
+
+---
+
+## References
+
+- `include/daedalus.h` — current public API; the `daedalus_recipe_dispatch_*` family is the kernel-level substrate selector that scales to multi-SoC.
+- `docs/k1_phase7.md` through `docs/k9_h264qpel_mc20.md` — per-cycle Phase 7 / closure docs that record substrate verdicts. Same dance would be repeated per SoC.
+- `docs/phase8_status.md` — Phase 8 status (V4L2 daemon side, sibling daedalus-v4l2).
+- libva-v4l2-request-fourier — the consumer side; already abstracts over any V4L2 stateless decoder node. Most of the multi-SoC abstraction surface is already here.
+- daedalus-v4l2 repository — the kernel char-dev shim + userspace daemon. The natural home for an eventual generalized daemon, if/when the forcing function fires.

include/daedalus.h

@@ -263,6 +263,369 @@ int daedalus_dispatch_h264_deblock_luma_v(daedalus_ctx *ctx, daedalus_substrate
     uint8_t *dst, size_t dst_stride,
     size_t n_edges, const daedalus_h264_deblock_meta *meta);
 
+/* H.264 luma "h_loop_filter" — sibling of _v, applies filter
+ * HORIZONTALLY across a VERTICAL edge (16 rows tall; pix points to
+ * row 0 of the right block, col 0 = leftmost output column).  Same
+ * non-intra (bS < 4) variant.
+ *
+ * Each tile is 8 cols x 16 rows of context (cols -4..+3 around the
+ * edge).  dst_off points to row 0 col 0 of the RIGHT block.
+ *
+ * Constraint: (dst_off % dst_stride) >= 4 (the kernel reads p3 at
+ * pix[-4]).  Caller must ensure this.
+ *
+ * QPU shader for the H variant is not yet implemented; recipe table
+ * routes AUTO to CPU NEON.  An explicit DAEDALUS_SUBSTRATE_QPU on
+ * the _h dispatch returns -1 rather than silently degrading.
+ */
+int daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_deblock_luma_h(daedalus_ctx *ctx,
+    uint8_t *dst, size_t dst_stride,
+    size_t n_edges, const daedalus_h264_deblock_meta *meta);
+
+int daedalus_dispatch_h264_deblock_luma_h(daedalus_ctx *ctx, daedalus_substrate sub,
+    uint8_t *dst, size_t dst_stride,
+    size_t n_edges, const daedalus_h264_deblock_meta *meta);
+
+/* H.264 chroma (4:2:0) loop filters — bS<4 variant.  Chroma uses
+ * the SAME daedalus_h264_deblock_meta struct as luma but on smaller
+ * tiles: 8 cols × 4 rows for V (4 segments of 2 cols), 4 cols × 8
+ * rows for H (4 segments of 2 rows).  Each segment has its own tc0
+ * strength (tc0[s] applies to both cells in segment s).
+ *
+ * Algorithm difference vs luma: chroma updates only p0 and q0
+ * (never p1/p2/q1/q2) and uses tC = tc0_seg + 1 directly (no
+ * luma-style ap/aq side-condition bonus).
+ *
+ * QPU shaders for chroma deblock not implemented yet; recipe table
+ * routes AUTO to CPU NEON.  Explicit SUBSTRATE_QPU returns -1.
+ */
+int daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_deblock_chroma_v(daedalus_ctx *ctx,
+    uint8_t *dst, size_t dst_stride,
+    size_t n_edges, const daedalus_h264_deblock_meta *meta);
+
+int daedalus_dispatch_h264_deblock_chroma_v(daedalus_ctx *ctx, daedalus_substrate sub,
+    uint8_t *dst, size_t dst_stride,
+    size_t n_edges, const daedalus_h264_deblock_meta *meta);
+
+int daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_deblock_chroma_h(daedalus_ctx *ctx,
+    uint8_t *dst, size_t dst_stride,
+    size_t n_edges, const daedalus_h264_deblock_meta *meta);
+
+int daedalus_dispatch_h264_deblock_chroma_h(daedalus_ctx *ctx, daedalus_substrate sub,
+    uint8_t *dst, size_t dst_stride,
+    size_t n_edges, const daedalus_h264_deblock_meta *meta);
+
+/* H.264 bS=4 "intra" loop filters — used at I-MB and inter
+ * macroblock boundaries where boundary strength is forced to 4 per
+ * H.264 §8.7.2.1.  Different algorithm from bS<4: per-side strong
+ * vs weak filter decided by quad-tree condition (luma only);
+ * chroma is always weak.  No tc0 — the daedalus_h264_deblock_meta
+ * struct's tc0[] field is IGNORED for intra dispatches (callers can
+ * leave it uninitialised or share a single edge list across both
+ * intra and non-intra kernels).
+ *
+ * Reuses the same meta layout as bS<4 dispatches for alpha + beta +
+ * dst_off; tile geometry per orientation is identical to the bS<4
+ * sibling (16-col / 16-row luma; 8-col / 8-row chroma).
+ *
+ * QPU shaders not implemented for any of the four; recipe routes
+ * AUTO to CPU NEON.  Explicit SUBSTRATE_QPU returns -1 (fast fail).
+ */
+int daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_deblock_luma_v_intra(daedalus_ctx *ctx,
+    uint8_t *dst, size_t dst_stride,
+    size_t n_edges, const daedalus_h264_deblock_meta *meta);
+int daedalus_dispatch_h264_deblock_luma_v_intra(daedalus_ctx *ctx, daedalus_substrate sub,
+    uint8_t *dst, size_t dst_stride,
+    size_t n_edges, const daedalus_h264_deblock_meta *meta);
+
+int daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_deblock_luma_h_intra(daedalus_ctx *ctx,
+    uint8_t *dst, size_t dst_stride,
+    size_t n_edges, const daedalus_h264_deblock_meta *meta);
+int daedalus_dispatch_h264_deblock_luma_h_intra(daedalus_ctx *ctx, daedalus_substrate sub,
+    uint8_t *dst, size_t dst_stride,
+    size_t n_edges, const daedalus_h264_deblock_meta *meta);
+
+int daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_deblock_chroma_v_intra(daedalus_ctx *ctx,
+    uint8_t *dst, size_t dst_stride,
+    size_t n_edges, const daedalus_h264_deblock_meta *meta);
+int daedalus_dispatch_h264_deblock_chroma_v_intra(daedalus_ctx *ctx, daedalus_substrate sub,
+    uint8_t *dst, size_t dst_stride,
+    size_t n_edges, const daedalus_h264_deblock_meta *meta);
+
+int daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_deblock_chroma_h_intra(daedalus_ctx *ctx,
+    uint8_t *dst, size_t dst_stride,
+    size_t n_edges, const daedalus_h264_deblock_meta *meta);
+int daedalus_dispatch_h264_deblock_chroma_h_intra(daedalus_ctx *ctx, daedalus_substrate sub,
+    uint8_t *dst, size_t dst_stride,
+    size_t n_edges, const daedalus_h264_deblock_meta *meta);
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * H.264 luma qpel mc20 (8×8, horizontal half-pel) — cycle 9
+ * (CPU by recipe; per-block 7.6 ns NEON, QPU not viable — see
+ * docs/k9_h264qpel_mc20.md for the R-band rationale).
+ *
+ * Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1, horizontal half-pel luma 6-tap filter:
+ *   dst[r,c] = clip255((s[r,c-2] - 5*s[r,c-1] + 20*s[r,c]
+ *                       + 20*s[r,c+1] - 5*s[r,c+2] + s[r,c+3]
+ *                       + 16) >> 5)
+ *
+ * Single-stride: dst and src share `stride`; this matches FFmpeg's
+ * H264QpelContext.put_h264_qpel_pixels_tab[][] convention and the
+ * vendored ff_put_h264_qpel8_mc20_neon signature.
+ *
+ * `src + src_off` points at the leftmost OUTPUT column (col 0); the
+ * filter reads cols -2..+3, so the caller must guarantee src has at
+ * least 2 pixels of left context and 3 pixels of right context per
+ * row. (FFmpeg already maintains an edge-emulated buffer for the
+ * frame boundary; this matches that contract.)
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t dst_off;        /* byte offset into dst (block top-left) */
+    uint32_t src_off;        /* byte offset into src (col 0, row 0)   */
+} daedalus_h264_qpel_meta;
+
+int daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc20(daedalus_ctx *ctx,
+    uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t stride,
+    size_t n_blocks, const daedalus_h264_qpel_meta *meta);
+
+int daedalus_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc20(daedalus_ctx *ctx, daedalus_substrate sub,
+    uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t stride,
+    size_t n_blocks, const daedalus_h264_qpel_meta *meta);
+
+/* H.264 luma qpel mc02 (vertical half-pel) — mirror of mc20.
+ * 6-tap filter applied vertically:
+ *   dst[r,c] = clip255((s[r-2,c] - 5*s[r-1,c] + 20*s[r,c]
+ *                       + 20*s[r+1,c] - 5*s[r+2,c] + s[r+3,c]
+ *                       + 16) >> 5)
+ *
+ * Same single-stride convention as mc20.  src + src_off points at
+ * row 0 col 0 of the OUTPUT block; the filter reads rows -2..+3, so
+ * the caller must guarantee 2 rows of top context and 3 rows of
+ * bottom context per block (FFmpeg edge-emulated buffer handles
+ * frame boundaries; same contract as mc20).
+ *
+ * QPU shader not implemented yet; recipe table routes AUTO to CPU
+ * NEON.  Explicit DAEDALUS_SUBSTRATE_QPU returns -1.
+ */
+int daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc02(daedalus_ctx *ctx,
+    uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t stride,
+    size_t n_blocks, const daedalus_h264_qpel_meta *meta);
+
+int daedalus_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc02(daedalus_ctx *ctx, daedalus_substrate sub,
+    uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t stride,
+    size_t n_blocks, const daedalus_h264_qpel_meta *meta);
+
+/* H.264 luma qpel mc22 (2D half-pel "j" position per spec §8.4.2.2.1).
+ * Horizontal 6-tap cascaded into vertical 6-tap with intermediate
+ * 16-bit precision; final +512 >> 10 with clip255.  Common position
+ * in real H.264 streams.
+ *
+ * src + src_off points at row 0 col 0 of the OUTPUT block; the
+ * cascade reads rows -2..+10 (13 rows of context) and cols -2..+5
+ * (10 cols of context).  Caller must guarantee.
+ *
+ * QPU shader not implemented yet (the HV lowpass is the meatiest
+ * qpel kernel; structurally distinct from the 1D mc20 shader).
+ * Recipe routes AUTO to CPU NEON.  Explicit SUBSTRATE_QPU returns -1.
+ */
+int daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc22(daedalus_ctx *ctx,
+    uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t stride,
+    size_t n_blocks, const daedalus_h264_qpel_meta *meta);
+
+int daedalus_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc22(daedalus_ctx *ctx, daedalus_substrate sub,
+    uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t stride,
+    size_t n_blocks, const daedalus_h264_qpel_meta *meta);
+
+/* H.264 luma single-axis quarter-pel qpel positions ("put"):
+ *   mc10  ¼-H ("a" position): clip255(mc20(s)) avg src[r,c]
+ *   mc30  ¾-H ("c" position): clip255(mc20(s)) avg src[r,c+1]
+ *   mc01  ¼-V ("d" position): clip255(mc02(s)) avg src[r,c]
+ *   mc03  ¾-V ("n" position): clip255(mc02(s)) avg src[r+1,c]
+ *
+ * Each is a half-pel lowpass clipped to u8 then averaged with an
+ * integer-aligned source pixel (rounded +1 >> 1).  Same edge
+ * context contract as mc20/mc02.  CPU-only for now; QPU shaders
+ * not yet implemented.  Explicit SUBSTRATE_QPU returns -1.
+ */
+int daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc10(daedalus_ctx *ctx,
+    uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t stride,
+    size_t n_blocks, const daedalus_h264_qpel_meta *meta);
+int daedalus_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc10(daedalus_ctx *ctx, daedalus_substrate sub,
+    uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t stride,
+    size_t n_blocks, const daedalus_h264_qpel_meta *meta);
+
+int daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc30(daedalus_ctx *ctx,
+    uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t stride,
+    size_t n_blocks, const daedalus_h264_qpel_meta *meta);
+int daedalus_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc30(daedalus_ctx *ctx, daedalus_substrate sub,
+    uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t stride,
+    size_t n_blocks, const daedalus_h264_qpel_meta *meta);
+
+int daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc01(daedalus_ctx *ctx,
+    uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t stride,
+    size_t n_blocks, const daedalus_h264_qpel_meta *meta);
+int daedalus_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc01(daedalus_ctx *ctx, daedalus_substrate sub,
+    uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t stride,
+    size_t n_blocks, const daedalus_h264_qpel_meta *meta);
+
+int daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc03(daedalus_ctx *ctx,
+    uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t stride,
+    size_t n_blocks, const daedalus_h264_qpel_meta *meta);
+int daedalus_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc03(daedalus_ctx *ctx, daedalus_substrate sub,
+    uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t stride,
+    size_t n_blocks, const daedalus_h264_qpel_meta *meta);
+
+/* H.264 luma diagonal qpel positions ("put", 8 variants).  Each is
+ * the rounded average of two half-pel intermediates per H.264
+ * §8.4.2.2.1 / Table 8-4 (decomposition matches the FFmpeg .S
+ * structure; see test/h264_qpel8_diag_ref.c for the formulas).
+ *
+ *   mc11 ¼¼ : avg(mc20[r,c],   mc02[r,c])
+ *   mc12 ¼½ : avg(mc22[r,c],   mc02[r,c])
+ *   mc13 ¼¾ : avg(mc20[r+1,c], mc02[r,c])
+ *   mc21 ½¼ : avg(mc22[r,c],   mc20[r,c])
+ *   mc23 ½¾ : avg(mc22[r,c],   mc20[r+1,c])
+ *   mc31 ¾¼ : avg(mc20[r,c],   mc02[r,c+1])
+ *   mc32 ¾½ : avg(mc22[r,c],   mc02[r,c+1])
+ *   mc33 ¾¾ : avg(mc20[r+1,c], mc02[r,c+1])
+ *
+ * CPU-only via vendored FFmpeg NEON; QPU shaders pending.
+ * Explicit SUBSTRATE_QPU returns -1.
+ */
+#define DECLARE_QPEL_DIAG(name) \
+int daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_ ## name(daedalus_ctx *ctx, \
+    uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t stride, \
+    size_t n_blocks, const daedalus_h264_qpel_meta *meta); \
+int daedalus_dispatch_h264_qpel_ ## name(daedalus_ctx *ctx, daedalus_substrate sub, \
+    uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t stride, \
+    size_t n_blocks, const daedalus_h264_qpel_meta *meta);
+
+DECLARE_QPEL_DIAG(mc11)
+DECLARE_QPEL_DIAG(mc12)
+DECLARE_QPEL_DIAG(mc13)
+DECLARE_QPEL_DIAG(mc21)
+DECLARE_QPEL_DIAG(mc23)
+DECLARE_QPEL_DIAG(mc31)
+DECLARE_QPEL_DIAG(mc32)
+DECLARE_QPEL_DIAG(mc33)
+
+#undef DECLARE_QPEL_DIAG
+
+/* H.264 luma qpel avg_ biprediction anchors — 3 half-pel positions
+ * (the put_ result is L2-averaged into the existing dst buffer per
+ * H.264 §8.4.2.3.1).  Caller is responsible for pre-loading dst with
+ * the list0 prediction; the avg_ call adds list1.
+ *
+ * Same single-stride convention as put_; CPU NEON only for now.
+ */
+#define DECLARE_QPEL_AVG(name) \
+int daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_ ## name(daedalus_ctx *ctx, \
+    uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t stride, \
+    size_t n_blocks, const daedalus_h264_qpel_meta *meta); \
+int daedalus_dispatch_h264_qpel_ ## name(daedalus_ctx *ctx, daedalus_substrate sub, \
+    uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t stride, \
+    size_t n_blocks, const daedalus_h264_qpel_meta *meta);
+
+DECLARE_QPEL_AVG(avg_mc20)
+DECLARE_QPEL_AVG(avg_mc02)
+DECLARE_QPEL_AVG(avg_mc22)
+DECLARE_QPEL_AVG(avg_mc10)
+DECLARE_QPEL_AVG(avg_mc30)
+DECLARE_QPEL_AVG(avg_mc01)
+DECLARE_QPEL_AVG(avg_mc03)
+DECLARE_QPEL_AVG(avg_mc11)
+DECLARE_QPEL_AVG(avg_mc12)
+DECLARE_QPEL_AVG(avg_mc13)
+DECLARE_QPEL_AVG(avg_mc21)
+DECLARE_QPEL_AVG(avg_mc23)
+DECLARE_QPEL_AVG(avg_mc31)
+DECLARE_QPEL_AVG(avg_mc32)
+DECLARE_QPEL_AVG(avg_mc33)
+
+#undef DECLARE_QPEL_AVG
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * H.264 chroma DC 2x2 Hadamard pre-pass (per H.264 §8.5.11.1).
+ *
+ * Operates in-place on 4 int16 (the DC coefficients of an MB's
+ * chroma 4x4 AC blocks).  Pure CPU primitive — no substrate
+ * dispatch wrapper because the work is 4 adds + 4 subs.  Callers
+ * compose with QP-dependent scaling themselves; the scale shape
+ * varies by slice/PPS chroma_qp offset context.
+ *
+ * Bit-exact validated against tests/h264_chroma_dc_hadamard_ref.c
+ * (7-case spec-derived test suite including the H·H = 4·I algebraic
+ * invariant; see PR #23).
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
+void daedalus_h264_chroma_dc_hadamard_2x2(int16_t c[4]);
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * H.264 Intra_4x4 luma prediction (per H.264 §8.3.1.4).  9 modes.
+ *
+ * Pure CPU primitives — each is a small straightforward fill of a
+ * 4x4 output block from neighbour pixels in the same buffer.  No
+ * substrate-dispatch wrapper (the work is too small to amortise).
+ *
+ * FFmpeg-style interface: `dst` at row 0 col 0 of the 4x4 output.
+ * Reads top-left at dst[-stride-1], top at dst[-stride..-stride+7]
+ * (top-right for DDL/VL), and left at dst[r*stride - 1] for r=0..3.
+ * Caller must ensure all 13 neighbour bytes are valid (interior-MB
+ * assumption — H.264 availability fallback handled at caller).
+ *
+ * Bit-exact validated against tests/test_intra_pred_4x4.c (10-case
+ * spec-derived test suite including the asymmetric Vertical_Right
+ * 16-cell hand-derived case; see fourier PR #12).
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_vertical  (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_horizontal(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_dc        (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_ddl       (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_ddr       (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_vr        (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_hd        (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_vl        (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_hu        (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * H.264 Intra_16x16 luma prediction (per §8.3.2).  4 modes:
+ * Vertical / Horizontal / DC / Plane.  Same FFmpeg-style interface
+ * as the 4x4 family at 16x16 scale.  Same neighbour availability
+ * assumption (interior-MB).
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_16x16_vertical  (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_16x16_horizontal(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_16x16_dc        (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_16x16_plane     (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * H.264 Intra_8x8 chroma prediction (per §8.3.3, 4:2:0).  4 modes:
+ * DC / Horizontal / Vertical / Plane.  Note: DC is per-quadrant
+ * asymmetric; Plane uses slope coefficient 34 (not luma's 5).
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_chroma8x8_dc        (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_chroma8x8_horizontal(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_chroma8x8_vertical  (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_chroma8x8_plane     (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * H.264 Intra_8x8 luma prediction (High profile, per §8.3.2.1).
+ * 9 modes with the spec-defined 1-2-1 reference-sample pre-filter
+ * applied internally to the 25 neighbours before the mode arithmetic.
+ *
+ * "_8x8l" naming follows the FFmpeg h264pred_template convention
+ * (pred8x8l_<mode>_c) to keep the substitution wrappers a 1:1 name
+ * map.
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_vertical  (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_horizontal(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_dc        (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_ddl       (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_ddr       (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_vr        (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_hd        (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_vl        (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_hu        (uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+
 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Recipe query — what does the API recommend for each kernel?
  * ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
@@ -275,6 +638,43 @@ typedef enum {
     DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_IDCT4      = 6,
     DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_IDCT8      = 7,
     DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_DEBLOCK_LV = 8,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_MC20  = 9,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_DEBLOCK_LH = 10,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_DEBLOCK_CV = 11,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_DEBLOCK_CH = 12,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_DEBLOCK_LV_INTRA = 13,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_DEBLOCK_LH_INTRA = 14,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_DEBLOCK_CV_INTRA = 15,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_DEBLOCK_CH_INTRA = 16,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_MC02        = 17,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_MC22        = 18,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_MC10        = 19,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_MC30        = 20,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_MC01        = 21,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_MC03        = 22,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_MC11        = 23,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_MC12        = 24,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_MC13        = 25,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_MC21        = 26,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_MC23        = 27,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_MC31        = 28,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_MC32        = 29,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_MC33        = 30,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_AVG_MC20    = 31,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_AVG_MC02    = 32,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_AVG_MC22    = 33,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_AVG_MC10    = 34,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_AVG_MC30    = 35,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_AVG_MC01    = 36,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_AVG_MC03    = 37,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_AVG_MC11    = 38,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_AVG_MC12    = 39,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_AVG_MC13    = 40,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_AVG_MC21    = 41,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_AVG_MC23    = 42,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_AVG_MC31    = 43,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_AVG_MC32    = 44,
+    DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_AVG_MC33    = 45,
 } daedalus_kernel;
 
 daedalus_substrate daedalus_recipe_substrate_for(daedalus_kernel k);

src/h264_chroma_dc.c

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause */
+/*
+ * H.264 chroma DC 2x2 Hadamard pre-pass (public, in-tree CPU).
+ *
+ * The 4 DC coefficients of an MB's chroma 4x4 AC blocks go through
+ * this 2x2 Hadamard before quant-scaling and re-injection into the
+ * AC blocks' [0,0] coefficient.  Algorithm per H.264 §8.5.11.1.
+ *
+ * Pure CPU primitive — there's no substrate-dispatch wrapper because
+ * the work is 4 adds + 4 subs.  Callers compose with QP-dependent
+ * scaling themselves (the scale shape varies by slice/PPS chroma_qp
+ * offset context and shouldn't be baked into the kernel).
+ *
+ * Bit-exact validated against tests/h264_chroma_dc_hadamard_ref.c
+ * (7-case spec-derived test suite including the H·H = 4·I algebraic
+ * invariant; see PR #23).  Same algorithm; this is the public
+ * src-tree copy.
+ */
+#include "daedalus.h"
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+void daedalus_h264_chroma_dc_hadamard_2x2(int16_t c[4])
+{
+    int t0 = c[0] + c[1];
+    int t1 = c[0] - c[1];
+    int t2 = c[2] + c[3];
+    int t3 = c[2] - c[3];
+
+    c[0] = (int16_t)(t0 + t2);   /* f[0,0] = sum of all 4   */
+    c[1] = (int16_t)(t1 + t3);   /* f[0,1] = col-difference */
+    c[2] = (int16_t)(t0 - t2);   /* f[1,0] = row-difference */
+    c[3] = (int16_t)(t1 - t3);   /* f[1,1] = anti-diagonal  */
+}

src/h264_intra_pred_16x16.c

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*
+ * Standalone bit-exact C reference for H.264 luma Intra_16x16
+ * prediction modes (per H.264 spec §8.3.2).  All 4 modes.
+ *
+ * Mode index → name (per H.264 Table 7-15):
+ *   0 = Vertical
+ *   1 = Horizontal
+ *   2 = DC
+ *   3 = Plane
+ *
+ * Calling convention (FFmpeg-style, matches the Intra_4x4 ref):
+ *   pred_16x16_<mode>(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+ *
+ * `dst` points at row 0, col 0 of the 16x16 output block.  Neighbours:
+ *   top[0..15]  = dst[-stride + 0 .. -stride + 15]
+ *   top-left    = dst[-stride - 1]
+ *   left[0..15] = dst[ 0*stride - 1 .. 15*stride - 1]
+ *
+ * AVAILABILITY: assumes all neighbours valid (interior-MB case).  The
+ * H.264 spec defines fallback for boundary cases (DC averages just
+ * the available side, etc.); the eventual libavcodec intercept
+ * handles availability before calling.
+ *
+ * License: BSD-2-Clause.
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+static inline int clip_u8(int v) { return v < 0 ? 0 : v > 255 ? 255 : v; }
+
+/* Mode 0 — Vertical: each col = top[col]. */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_16x16_vertical(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    const uint8_t *top = dst - stride;
+    for (int r = 0; r < 16; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < 16; c++) dst[r * stride + c] = top[c];
+}
+
+/* Mode 1 — Horizontal: each row = left[row]. */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_16x16_horizontal(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    for (int r = 0; r < 16; r++) {
+        uint8_t l = dst[r * stride - 1];
+        for (int c = 0; c < 16; c++) dst[r * stride + c] = l;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Mode 2 — DC: ((sum_top16 + sum_left16 + 16) >> 5) broadcast. */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_16x16_dc(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    const uint8_t *top = dst - stride;
+    int sum = 16;  /* rounding for >> 5 over 32 samples */
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) sum += top[i];
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) sum += dst[i * stride - 1];
+    uint8_t v = (uint8_t)(sum >> 5);
+    for (int r = 0; r < 16; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < 16; c++) dst[r * stride + c] = v;
+}
+
+/* Mode 3 — Plane (per H.264 §8.3.2.4):
+ *   H = sum_{i=0..7} (i+1) * (p[7+i+1, -1] - p[7-i-1, -1])
+ *     = sum_{i=0..7} (i+1) * (top[8+i] - top[6-i])
+ *   V = sum_{j=0..7} (j+1) * (p[-1, 7+j+1] - p[-1, 7-j-1])
+ *     = sum_{j=0..7} (j+1) * (left[8+j] - left[6-j])
+ *   b = (5*H + 32) >> 6
+ *   c = (5*V + 32) >> 6
+ *   a = 16 * (p[-1, 15] + p[15, -1])
+ *     = 16 * (left[15] + top[15])
+ *   pred[y][x] = Clip1((a + b*(x-7) + c*(y-7) + 16) >> 5)
+ *
+ * Note: spec indexing uses [x, y] with x = col, y = row (or vice
+ * versa depending on the section).  Here I use the FFmpeg convention
+ * pred[y][x] = pred[row][col]; the H = horizontal-slope formula uses
+ * the TOP row's left-vs-right asymmetry; V = vertical-slope uses the
+ * LEFT col's top-vs-bottom asymmetry.  Boundary participants are
+ * the top-left corner p[-1,-1] inferred from the spec's index range
+ * (it does NOT participate in the H/V sums in the 16x16 case — only
+ * for the chroma 8x8 plane mode).
+ */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_16x16_plane(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    const uint8_t *top = dst - stride;
+    /* H accumulates differences across the right vs left half of the
+     * top row.  Per spec, the top-left p[-1,-1] participates: i=7 uses
+     * p[15,-1] - p[-1,-1].  We include it by reading top[-1]. */
+    int H = 0, V = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        int t_right = top[8 + i];
+        int t_left  = (i == 7) ? top[-1] : top[6 - i];
+        H += (i + 1) * (t_right - t_left);
+    }
+    for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+        int l_bot = dst[(8 + j) * stride - 1];
+        int l_top = (j == 7) ? top[-1] : dst[(6 - j) * stride - 1];
+        V += (j + 1) * (l_bot - l_top);
+    }
+    int b = (5 * H + 32) >> 6;
+    int c = (5 * V + 32) >> 6;
+    int a = 16 * (dst[15 * stride - 1] + top[15]);
+    for (int y = 0; y < 16; y++) {
+        for (int x = 0; x < 16; x++) {
+            int v = (a + b * (x - 7) + c * (y - 7) + 16) >> 5;
+            dst[y * stride + x] = (uint8_t) clip_u8(v);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/h264_intra_pred_4x4.c

@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+/*
+ * Standalone bit-exact C reference for H.264 luma Intra_4x4
+ * prediction modes (per H.264 spec §8.3.1.4).  All 9 modes.
+ *
+ * Mode index → name (per H.264 Table 8-2):
+ *   0 = Vertical
+ *   1 = Horizontal
+ *   2 = DC
+ *   3 = Diagonal_Down_Left
+ *   4 = Diagonal_Down_Right
+ *   5 = Vertical_Right
+ *   6 = Horizontal_Down
+ *   7 = Vertical_Left
+ *   8 = Horizontal_Up
+ *
+ * Calling convention matches FFmpeg's h264pred:
+ *   pred_4x4_<mode>(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+ *
+ * `dst` points at row 0, col 0 of the 4x4 output block.  Neighbour
+ * pixels come from the already-decoded surrounding pixels in the same
+ * buffer:
+ *   top-left   = dst[-stride - 1]
+ *   top[0..3]  = dst[-stride + 0 .. -stride + 3]
+ *   top-right  = dst[-stride + 4 .. -stride + 7]   (DDL / VL only)
+ *   left[0..3] = dst[ 0*stride - 1 .. 3*stride - 1]
+ *
+ * AVAILABILITY: this reference assumes ALL neighbours are available
+ * (the "interior MB" case).  The H.264 spec defines fallback behaviour
+ * for unavailable neighbours (e.g. DC averages only the available
+ * side, top-right substitution from top[3] for DDL/VL near the right
+ * frame edge); those branches are NOT modelled here.  Tests must
+ * exercise the kernel with all 13 neighbour bytes valid.  The eventual
+ * libavcodec intercept handles availability before calling.
+ *
+ * License: BSD-2-Clause for the reference + tests; the underlying
+ * algorithm is from H.264/ITU-T H.264 (2003) and AVC standards, free
+ * to implement.
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+/* Helper: 3-tap weighted average ((a + 2*b + c + 2) >> 2). */
+static inline uint8_t avg3(int a, int b, int c)
+{
+    return (uint8_t)((a + 2*b + c + 2) >> 2);
+}
+
+/* Helper: 2-tap mean ((a + b + 1) >> 1). */
+static inline uint8_t avg2(int a, int b)
+{
+    return (uint8_t)((a + b + 1) >> 1);
+}
+
+/* Mode 0 — Vertical: each col = top[col]. */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_vertical(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    const uint8_t *top = dst - stride;
+    for (int r = 0; r < 4; r++) {
+        for (int c = 0; c < 4; c++) dst[r * stride + c] = top[c];
+    }
+}
+
+/* Mode 1 — Horizontal: each row = left[row]. */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_horizontal(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    for (int r = 0; r < 4; r++) {
+        uint8_t l = dst[r * stride - 1];
+        for (int c = 0; c < 4; c++) dst[r * stride + c] = l;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Mode 2 — DC: mean of top 4 + left 4, broadcast. */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_dc(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    const uint8_t *top = dst - stride;
+    int sum = 4;  /* rounding for ((sum + 4) >> 3) */
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) sum += top[i];
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) sum += dst[i * stride - 1];
+    uint8_t v = (uint8_t)(sum >> 3);
+    for (int r = 0; r < 4; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < 4; c++) dst[r * stride + c] = v;
+}
+
+/* Mode 3 — Diagonal_Down_Left.  Uses top[0..7] (incl. top-right). */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_ddl(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    const uint8_t *top = dst - stride;
+    int t0 = top[0], t1 = top[1], t2 = top[2], t3 = top[3];
+    int t4 = top[4], t5 = top[5], t6 = top[6], t7 = top[7];
+    /* zz[7] = top filtered with 3-tap; spec table 8-7. */
+    uint8_t zz[7];
+    zz[0] = avg3(t0, t1, t2);
+    zz[1] = avg3(t1, t2, t3);
+    zz[2] = avg3(t2, t3, t4);
+    zz[3] = avg3(t3, t4, t5);
+    zz[4] = avg3(t4, t5, t6);
+    zz[5] = avg3(t5, t6, t7);
+    zz[6] = avg3(t6, t7, t7);   /* spec: t7 doubled at the boundary */
+    /* dst[r][c] = zz[c + r] */
+    for (int r = 0; r < 4; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < 4; c++) dst[r * stride + c] = zz[c + r];
+}
+
+/* Mode 4 — Diagonal_Down_Right.  Uses top-left + top[0..3] + left[0..3]. */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_ddr(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    int tl = dst[-stride - 1];
+    int t0 = dst[-stride + 0], t1 = dst[-stride + 1];
+    int t2 = dst[-stride + 2], t3 = dst[-stride + 3];
+    int l0 = dst[ 0*stride - 1], l1 = dst[ 1*stride - 1];
+    int l2 = dst[ 2*stride - 1], l3 = dst[ 3*stride - 1];
+    /* zz indexed by (col - row): -3..+3 */
+    uint8_t zz_m3 = avg3(l1, l2, l3);
+    uint8_t zz_m2 = avg3(l0, l1, l2);
+    uint8_t zz_m1 = avg3(tl, l0, l1);
+    uint8_t zz_p0 = avg3(l0, tl, t0);
+    uint8_t zz_p1 = avg3(tl, t0, t1);
+    uint8_t zz_p2 = avg3(t0, t1, t2);
+    uint8_t zz_p3 = avg3(t1, t2, t3);
+    uint8_t zz[7] = { zz_m3, zz_m2, zz_m1, zz_p0, zz_p1, zz_p2, zz_p3 };
+    for (int r = 0; r < 4; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < 4; c++) dst[r * stride + c] = zz[(c - r) + 3];
+}
+
+/* Mode 5 — Vertical_Right. */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_vr(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    int tl = dst[-stride - 1];
+    int t0 = dst[-stride + 0], t1 = dst[-stride + 1];
+    int t2 = dst[-stride + 2], t3 = dst[-stride + 3];
+    int l0 = dst[ 0*stride - 1], l1 = dst[ 1*stride - 1];
+    int l2 = dst[ 2*stride - 1];
+    /* H.264 §8.3.1.4.6: two patterns based on (2c - r) parity. */
+    dst[0*stride + 0] = avg2(tl, t0);
+    dst[0*stride + 1] = avg2(t0, t1);
+    dst[0*stride + 2] = avg2(t1, t2);
+    dst[0*stride + 3] = avg2(t2, t3);
+
+    dst[1*stride + 0] = avg3(l0, tl, t0);
+    dst[1*stride + 1] = avg3(tl, t0, t1);
+    dst[1*stride + 2] = avg3(t0, t1, t2);
+    dst[1*stride + 3] = avg3(t1, t2, t3);
+
+    dst[2*stride + 0] = avg3(tl, l0, l1);
+    dst[2*stride + 1] = dst[0*stride + 0];
+    dst[2*stride + 2] = dst[0*stride + 1];
+    dst[2*stride + 3] = dst[0*stride + 2];
+
+    dst[3*stride + 0] = avg3(l0, l1, l2);
+    dst[3*stride + 1] = dst[1*stride + 0];
+    dst[3*stride + 2] = dst[1*stride + 1];
+    dst[3*stride + 3] = dst[1*stride + 2];
+}
+
+/* Mode 6 — Horizontal_Down. */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_hd(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    int tl = dst[-stride - 1];
+    int t0 = dst[-stride + 0], t1 = dst[-stride + 1], t2 = dst[-stride + 2];
+    int l0 = dst[ 0*stride - 1], l1 = dst[ 1*stride - 1];
+    int l2 = dst[ 2*stride - 1], l3 = dst[ 3*stride - 1];
+
+    dst[0*stride + 0] = avg2(tl, l0);
+    dst[0*stride + 1] = avg3(l0, tl, t0);
+    dst[0*stride + 2] = avg3(tl, t0, t1);
+    dst[0*stride + 3] = avg3(t0, t1, t2);
+
+    dst[1*stride + 0] = avg2(l0, l1);
+    dst[1*stride + 1] = avg3(tl, l0, l1);
+    dst[1*stride + 2] = dst[0*stride + 0];
+    dst[1*stride + 3] = dst[0*stride + 1];
+
+    dst[2*stride + 0] = avg2(l1, l2);
+    dst[2*stride + 1] = avg3(l0, l1, l2);
+    dst[2*stride + 2] = dst[1*stride + 0];
+    dst[2*stride + 3] = dst[1*stride + 1];
+
+    dst[3*stride + 0] = avg2(l2, l3);
+    dst[3*stride + 1] = avg3(l1, l2, l3);
+    dst[3*stride + 2] = dst[2*stride + 0];
+    dst[3*stride + 3] = dst[2*stride + 1];
+}
+
+/* Mode 7 — Vertical_Left.  Uses top[0..7]. */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_vl(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    const uint8_t *top = dst - stride;
+    int t0=top[0], t1=top[1], t2=top[2], t3=top[3];
+    int t4=top[4], t5=top[5], t6=top[6], t7=top[7];
+
+    dst[0*stride + 0] = avg2(t0, t1);
+    dst[0*stride + 1] = avg2(t1, t2);
+    dst[0*stride + 2] = avg2(t2, t3);
+    dst[0*stride + 3] = avg2(t3, t4);
+
+    dst[1*stride + 0] = avg3(t0, t1, t2);
+    dst[1*stride + 1] = avg3(t1, t2, t3);
+    dst[1*stride + 2] = avg3(t2, t3, t4);
+    dst[1*stride + 3] = avg3(t3, t4, t5);
+
+    dst[2*stride + 0] = avg2(t1, t2);
+    dst[2*stride + 1] = avg2(t2, t3);
+    dst[2*stride + 2] = avg2(t3, t4);
+    dst[2*stride + 3] = avg2(t4, t5);
+
+    dst[3*stride + 0] = avg3(t1, t2, t3);
+    dst[3*stride + 1] = avg3(t2, t3, t4);
+    dst[3*stride + 2] = avg3(t3, t4, t5);
+    dst[3*stride + 3] = avg3(t4, t5, t6);
+    (void) t6; (void) t7;  /* t6 used; t7 unused in 4x4 VL */
+}
+
+/* Mode 8 — Horizontal_Up.  Uses left[0..3] only. */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_hu(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    int l0 = dst[ 0*stride - 1], l1 = dst[ 1*stride - 1];
+    int l2 = dst[ 2*stride - 1], l3 = dst[ 3*stride - 1];
+
+    dst[0*stride + 0] = avg2(l0, l1);
+    dst[0*stride + 1] = avg3(l0, l1, l2);
+    dst[0*stride + 2] = avg2(l1, l2);
+    dst[0*stride + 3] = avg3(l1, l2, l3);
+
+    dst[1*stride + 0] = avg2(l1, l2);
+    dst[1*stride + 1] = avg3(l1, l2, l3);
+    dst[1*stride + 2] = avg2(l2, l3);
+    dst[1*stride + 3] = avg3(l2, l3, l3);
+
+    dst[2*stride + 0] = avg2(l2, l3);
+    dst[2*stride + 1] = avg3(l2, l3, l3);
+    dst[2*stride + 2] = l3;
+    dst[2*stride + 3] = l3;
+
+    dst[3*stride + 0] = l3;
+    dst[3*stride + 1] = l3;
+    dst[3*stride + 2] = l3;
+    dst[3*stride + 3] = l3;
+}

src/h264_intra_pred_8x8_luma.c

@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+/*
+ * Standalone bit-exact C reference for H.264 luma Intra_8x8
+ * prediction modes (per H.264 spec §8.3.2.1).  High-profile-only
+ * MB type — Baseline/Main/Extended profiles don't see Intra_8x8.
+ *
+ * Distinct from Intra_4x4 in two ways:
+ *
+ *   1. REFERENCE SAMPLE FILTERING (§8.3.2.1.1).  The 25 raw
+ *      neighbour samples are pre-filtered with a 1-2-1 smoothing
+ *      filter BEFORE prediction.  The filtering has spec-defined
+ *      boundary handling at the corners and the right-edge of the
+ *      top-row extension.
+ *
+ *   2. SCALE.  All 9 prediction modes operate at 8x8 with the
+ *      filtered samples (Intra_4x4 operates at 4x4 with the raw
+ *      samples).
+ *
+ * This PR implements the filter + the 3 simple modes (Vertical,
+ * Horizontal, DC).  The 6 directional modes (DDL, DDR, VR, HD, VL,
+ * HU at 8x8) follow in a separate PR — same template, different
+ * formulas per spec sections §8.3.2.1.4..§8.3.2.1.9.
+ *
+ * Calling convention (FFmpeg-style):
+ *   pred_8x8_<mode>_ref(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+ *
+ * `dst` points at row 0 col 0 of the 8x8 output block.  Reads from
+ *   top[0..15]  = dst[-stride + 0..15]
+ *   top-left    = dst[-stride - 1]
+ *   left[0..7]  = dst[ 0*stride - 1 .. 7*stride - 1]
+ *
+ * AVAILABILITY: assumes all neighbours valid (interior-MB case).
+ *
+ * License: BSD-2-Clause.
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+static inline int clip_u8(int v) { return v < 0 ? 0 : v > 255 ? 255 : v; }
+
+/* H.264 §8.3.2.1.1 reference sample filtering.  Filters the 25 raw
+ * samples around the 8x8 block into a `filt` array with the same
+ * indices.  When called against an "all neighbours available" tile,
+ * the filtered output uses these spec-defined formulas:
+ *
+ *   filt[top -1] (= filtered top-left) = (top[0] + 2*tl + left[0] + 2) >> 2
+ *
+ *   filt[top  0] = (tl + 2*top[0] + top[1] + 2) >> 2
+ *   filt[top  i] for 1<=i<=14 = (top[i-1] + 2*top[i] + top[i+1] + 2) >> 2
+ *   filt[top 15] = (top[14] + 3*top[15] + 2) >> 2    (boundary)
+ *
+ *   filt[left 0] = (tl + 2*left[0] + left[1] + 2) >> 2
+ *   filt[left j] for 1<=j<=6 = (left[j-1] + 2*left[j] + left[j+1] + 2) >> 2
+ *   filt[left 7] = (left[6] + 3*left[7] + 2) >> 2    (boundary)
+ *
+ * Reads neighbours from the dst buffer; writes filtered values to
+ * a caller-provided 26-element array indexed as:
+ *   filt[0]      = filtered top-left
+ *   filt[1..16]  = filtered top[0..15]
+ *   filt[17..24] = filtered left[0..7]
+ */
+static void filter_refs(const uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride,
+                         uint8_t filt[25])
+{
+    int tl = dst[-stride - 1];
+    int t[16];
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) t[i] = dst[-stride + i];
+    int l[8];
+    for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) l[j] = dst[j * stride - 1];
+
+    /* Filtered top-left. */
+    filt[0] = (uint8_t)((t[0] + 2*tl + l[0] + 2) >> 2);
+
+    /* Filtered top. */
+    filt[1] = (uint8_t)((tl + 2*t[0] + t[1] + 2) >> 2);
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 14; i++)
+        filt[1 + i] = (uint8_t)((t[i-1] + 2*t[i] + t[i+1] + 2) >> 2);
+    filt[1 + 15] = (uint8_t)((t[14] + 3*t[15] + 2) >> 2);
+
+    /* Filtered left. */
+    filt[17 + 0] = (uint8_t)((tl + 2*l[0] + l[1] + 2) >> 2);
+    for (int j = 1; j <= 6; j++)
+        filt[17 + j] = (uint8_t)((l[j-1] + 2*l[j] + l[j+1] + 2) >> 2);
+    filt[17 + 7] = (uint8_t)((l[6] + 3*l[7] + 2) >> 2);
+}
+
+/* Convenience macros for accessing the filt[] array by spec-style index. */
+#define FT(i)  filt[1 + (i)]    /* filtered top[i],  i in 0..15  */
+#define FL(j)  filt[17 + (j)]   /* filtered left[j], j in 0..7   */
+#define FTL    filt[0]          /* filtered top-left              */
+
+/* Mode 0 Vertical (§8.3.2.1.2): pred[r,c] = filt_top[c]. */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_vertical(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    uint8_t filt[25];
+    filter_refs(dst, stride, filt);
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) dst[r * stride + c] = FT(c);
+}
+
+/* Mode 1 Horizontal (§8.3.2.1.3): pred[r,c] = filt_left[r]. */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_horizontal(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    uint8_t filt[25];
+    filter_refs(dst, stride, filt);
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) dst[r * stride + c] = FL(r);
+}
+
+/* Mode 2 DC (§8.3.2.1.4): ((sum_filt_top[0..7] + sum_filt_left[0..7]
+ * + 8) >> 4) broadcast.  Note the +8 (not +4 like 4x4): there are
+ * 16 samples summed total, so >> 4 with half-step rounding +8. */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_dc(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    uint8_t filt[25];
+    filter_refs(dst, stride, filt);
+    int sum = 8;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) sum += FT(i);
+    for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) sum += FL(j);
+    uint8_t v = (uint8_t)(sum >> 4);
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) dst[r * stride + c] = v;
+}
+
+/* --- 6 directional modes for Intra_8x8 (H.264 §8.3.2.1.5..§8.3.2.1.10).
+ * Transcribed from FFmpeg libavcodec/h264pred_template.c
+ * pred8x8l_{down_left, down_right, vertical_right, horizontal_down,
+ * vertical_left, horizontal_up} (LGPL-2.1+ in the original; algorithm
+ * reproduced here for test purposes).
+ *
+ * All 6 use the same FILTERED reference samples produced by
+ * filter_refs() above.  Mapping from FFmpeg's t0..t15 / l0..l7 / lt
+ * notation:
+ *     tN = FT(N)   for N in 0..15
+ *     lN = FL(N)   for N in 0..7
+ *     lt = FTL
+ *
+ * SRC(x,y) maps to dst[y*stride + x] (col x, row y).
+ */
+#define SRC(x, y) dst[(y) * stride + (x)]
+#define T(i)  FT(i)
+#define L(j)  FL(j)
+#define LT    FTL
+
+/* Mode 3 DDL (Diagonal_Down_Left) — uses TOP + TOP_RIGHT, no LEFT. */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_ddl(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    uint8_t filt[25];
+    filter_refs(dst, stride, filt);
+    SRC(0,0)= (T(0) + 2*T(1) + T(2) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,1)=SRC(1,0)= (T(1) + 2*T(2) + T(3) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,2)=SRC(1,1)=SRC(2,0)= (T(2) + 2*T(3) + T(4) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,3)=SRC(1,2)=SRC(2,1)=SRC(3,0)= (T(3) + 2*T(4) + T(5) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,4)=SRC(1,3)=SRC(2,2)=SRC(3,1)=SRC(4,0)= (T(4) + 2*T(5) + T(6) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,5)=SRC(1,4)=SRC(2,3)=SRC(3,2)=SRC(4,1)=SRC(5,0)= (T(5) + 2*T(6) + T(7) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,6)=SRC(1,5)=SRC(2,4)=SRC(3,3)=SRC(4,2)=SRC(5,1)=SRC(6,0)= (T(6) + 2*T(7) + T(8) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,7)=SRC(1,6)=SRC(2,5)=SRC(3,4)=SRC(4,3)=SRC(5,2)=SRC(6,1)=SRC(7,0)= (T(7) + 2*T(8) + T(9) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(1,7)=SRC(2,6)=SRC(3,5)=SRC(4,4)=SRC(5,3)=SRC(6,2)=SRC(7,1)= (T(8) + 2*T(9) + T(10) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(2,7)=SRC(3,6)=SRC(4,5)=SRC(5,4)=SRC(6,3)=SRC(7,2)= (T(9) + 2*T(10) + T(11) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(3,7)=SRC(4,6)=SRC(5,5)=SRC(6,4)=SRC(7,3)= (T(10) + 2*T(11) + T(12) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(4,7)=SRC(5,6)=SRC(6,5)=SRC(7,4)= (T(11) + 2*T(12) + T(13) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(5,7)=SRC(6,6)=SRC(7,5)= (T(12) + 2*T(13) + T(14) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(6,7)=SRC(7,6)= (T(13) + 2*T(14) + T(15) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(7,7)= (T(14) + 3*T(15) + 2) >> 2;
+}
+
+/* Mode 4 DDR (Diagonal_Down_Right). */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_ddr(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    uint8_t filt[25];
+    filter_refs(dst, stride, filt);
+    SRC(0,7)= (L(7) + 2*L(6) + L(5) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,6)=SRC(1,7)= (L(6) + 2*L(5) + L(4) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,5)=SRC(1,6)=SRC(2,7)= (L(5) + 2*L(4) + L(3) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,4)=SRC(1,5)=SRC(2,6)=SRC(3,7)= (L(4) + 2*L(3) + L(2) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,3)=SRC(1,4)=SRC(2,5)=SRC(3,6)=SRC(4,7)= (L(3) + 2*L(2) + L(1) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,2)=SRC(1,3)=SRC(2,4)=SRC(3,5)=SRC(4,6)=SRC(5,7)= (L(2) + 2*L(1) + L(0) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,1)=SRC(1,2)=SRC(2,3)=SRC(3,4)=SRC(4,5)=SRC(5,6)=SRC(6,7)= (L(1) + 2*L(0) + LT + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,0)=SRC(1,1)=SRC(2,2)=SRC(3,3)=SRC(4,4)=SRC(5,5)=SRC(6,6)=SRC(7,7)= (L(0) + 2*LT + T(0) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(1,0)=SRC(2,1)=SRC(3,2)=SRC(4,3)=SRC(5,4)=SRC(6,5)=SRC(7,6)= (LT + 2*T(0) + T(1) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(2,0)=SRC(3,1)=SRC(4,2)=SRC(5,3)=SRC(6,4)=SRC(7,5)= (T(0) + 2*T(1) + T(2) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(3,0)=SRC(4,1)=SRC(5,2)=SRC(6,3)=SRC(7,4)= (T(1) + 2*T(2) + T(3) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(4,0)=SRC(5,1)=SRC(6,2)=SRC(7,3)= (T(2) + 2*T(3) + T(4) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(5,0)=SRC(6,1)=SRC(7,2)= (T(3) + 2*T(4) + T(5) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(6,0)=SRC(7,1)= (T(4) + 2*T(5) + T(6) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(7,0)= (T(5) + 2*T(6) + T(7) + 2) >> 2;
+}
+
+/* Mode 5 VR (Vertical_Right). */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_vr(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    uint8_t filt[25];
+    filter_refs(dst, stride, filt);
+    SRC(0,6)= (L(5) + 2*L(4) + L(3) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,7)= (L(6) + 2*L(5) + L(4) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,4)=SRC(1,6)= (L(3) + 2*L(2) + L(1) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,5)=SRC(1,7)= (L(4) + 2*L(3) + L(2) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,2)=SRC(1,4)=SRC(2,6)= (L(1) + 2*L(0) + LT + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,3)=SRC(1,5)=SRC(2,7)= (L(2) + 2*L(1) + L(0) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,1)=SRC(1,3)=SRC(2,5)=SRC(3,7)= (L(0) + 2*LT + T(0) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,0)=SRC(1,2)=SRC(2,4)=SRC(3,6)= (LT + T(0) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(1,1)=SRC(2,3)=SRC(3,5)=SRC(4,7)= (LT + 2*T(0) + T(1) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(1,0)=SRC(2,2)=SRC(3,4)=SRC(4,6)= (T(0) + T(1) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(2,1)=SRC(3,3)=SRC(4,5)=SRC(5,7)= (T(0) + 2*T(1) + T(2) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(2,0)=SRC(3,2)=SRC(4,4)=SRC(5,6)= (T(1) + T(2) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(3,1)=SRC(4,3)=SRC(5,5)=SRC(6,7)= (T(1) + 2*T(2) + T(3) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(3,0)=SRC(4,2)=SRC(5,4)=SRC(6,6)= (T(2) + T(3) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(4,1)=SRC(5,3)=SRC(6,5)=SRC(7,7)= (T(2) + 2*T(3) + T(4) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(4,0)=SRC(5,2)=SRC(6,4)=SRC(7,6)= (T(3) + T(4) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(5,1)=SRC(6,3)=SRC(7,5)= (T(3) + 2*T(4) + T(5) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(5,0)=SRC(6,2)=SRC(7,4)= (T(4) + T(5) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(6,1)=SRC(7,3)= (T(4) + 2*T(5) + T(6) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(6,0)=SRC(7,2)= (T(5) + T(6) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(7,1)= (T(5) + 2*T(6) + T(7) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(7,0)= (T(6) + T(7) + 1) >> 1;
+}
+
+/* Mode 6 HD (Horizontal_Down). */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_hd(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    uint8_t filt[25];
+    filter_refs(dst, stride, filt);
+    SRC(0,7)= (L(6) + L(7) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(1,7)= (L(5) + 2*L(6) + L(7) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,6)=SRC(2,7)= (L(5) + L(6) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(1,6)=SRC(3,7)= (L(4) + 2*L(5) + L(6) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,5)=SRC(2,6)=SRC(4,7)= (L(4) + L(5) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(1,5)=SRC(3,6)=SRC(5,7)= (L(3) + 2*L(4) + L(5) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,4)=SRC(2,5)=SRC(4,6)=SRC(6,7)= (L(3) + L(4) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(1,4)=SRC(3,5)=SRC(5,6)=SRC(7,7)= (L(2) + 2*L(3) + L(4) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,3)=SRC(2,4)=SRC(4,5)=SRC(6,6)= (L(2) + L(3) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(1,3)=SRC(3,4)=SRC(5,5)=SRC(7,6)= (L(1) + 2*L(2) + L(3) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,2)=SRC(2,3)=SRC(4,4)=SRC(6,5)= (L(1) + L(2) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(1,2)=SRC(3,3)=SRC(5,4)=SRC(7,5)= (L(0) + 2*L(1) + L(2) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,1)=SRC(2,2)=SRC(4,3)=SRC(6,4)= (L(0) + L(1) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(1,1)=SRC(3,2)=SRC(5,3)=SRC(7,4)= (LT + 2*L(0) + L(1) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,0)=SRC(2,1)=SRC(4,2)=SRC(6,3)= (LT + L(0) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(1,0)=SRC(3,1)=SRC(5,2)=SRC(7,3)= (L(0) + 2*LT + T(0) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(2,0)=SRC(4,1)=SRC(6,2)= (T(1) + 2*T(0) + LT + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(3,0)=SRC(5,1)=SRC(7,2)= (T(2) + 2*T(1) + T(0) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(4,0)=SRC(6,1)= (T(3) + 2*T(2) + T(1) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(5,0)=SRC(7,1)= (T(4) + 2*T(3) + T(2) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(6,0)= (T(5) + 2*T(4) + T(3) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(7,0)= (T(6) + 2*T(5) + T(4) + 2) >> 2;
+}
+
+/* Mode 7 VL (Vertical_Left) — uses TOP + TOP_RIGHT only. */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_vl(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    uint8_t filt[25];
+    filter_refs(dst, stride, filt);
+    SRC(0,0)= (T(0) + T(1) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(0,1)= (T(0) + 2*T(1) + T(2) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,2)=SRC(1,0)= (T(1) + T(2) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(0,3)=SRC(1,1)= (T(1) + 2*T(2) + T(3) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,4)=SRC(1,2)=SRC(2,0)= (T(2) + T(3) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(0,5)=SRC(1,3)=SRC(2,1)= (T(2) + 2*T(3) + T(4) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,6)=SRC(1,4)=SRC(2,2)=SRC(3,0)= (T(3) + T(4) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(0,7)=SRC(1,5)=SRC(2,3)=SRC(3,1)= (T(3) + 2*T(4) + T(5) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(1,6)=SRC(2,4)=SRC(3,2)=SRC(4,0)= (T(4) + T(5) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(1,7)=SRC(2,5)=SRC(3,3)=SRC(4,1)= (T(4) + 2*T(5) + T(6) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(2,6)=SRC(3,4)=SRC(4,2)=SRC(5,0)= (T(5) + T(6) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(2,7)=SRC(3,5)=SRC(4,3)=SRC(5,1)= (T(5) + 2*T(6) + T(7) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(3,6)=SRC(4,4)=SRC(5,2)=SRC(6,0)= (T(6) + T(7) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(3,7)=SRC(4,5)=SRC(5,3)=SRC(6,1)= (T(6) + 2*T(7) + T(8) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(4,6)=SRC(5,4)=SRC(6,2)=SRC(7,0)= (T(7) + T(8) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(4,7)=SRC(5,5)=SRC(6,3)=SRC(7,1)= (T(7) + 2*T(8) + T(9) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(5,6)=SRC(6,4)=SRC(7,2)= (T(8) + T(9) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(5,7)=SRC(6,5)=SRC(7,3)= (T(8) + 2*T(9) + T(10) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(6,6)=SRC(7,4)= (T(9) + T(10) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(6,7)=SRC(7,5)= (T(9) + 2*T(10) + T(11) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(7,6)= (T(10) + T(11) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(7,7)= (T(10) + 2*T(11) + T(12) + 2) >> 2;
+}
+
+/* Mode 8 HU (Horizontal_Up) — uses LEFT only. */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_hu(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    uint8_t filt[25];
+    filter_refs(dst, stride, filt);
+    SRC(0,0)= (L(0) + L(1) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(1,0)= (L(0) + 2*L(1) + L(2) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,1)=SRC(2,0)= (L(1) + L(2) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(1,1)=SRC(3,0)= (L(1) + 2*L(2) + L(3) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,2)=SRC(2,1)=SRC(4,0)= (L(2) + L(3) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(1,2)=SRC(3,1)=SRC(5,0)= (L(2) + 2*L(3) + L(4) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,3)=SRC(2,2)=SRC(4,1)=SRC(6,0)= (L(3) + L(4) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(1,3)=SRC(3,2)=SRC(5,1)=SRC(7,0)= (L(3) + 2*L(4) + L(5) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,4)=SRC(2,3)=SRC(4,2)=SRC(6,1)= (L(4) + L(5) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(1,4)=SRC(3,3)=SRC(5,2)=SRC(7,1)= (L(4) + 2*L(5) + L(6) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,5)=SRC(2,4)=SRC(4,3)=SRC(6,2)= (L(5) + L(6) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(1,5)=SRC(3,4)=SRC(5,3)=SRC(7,2)= (L(5) + 2*L(6) + L(7) + 2) >> 2;
+    SRC(0,6)=SRC(2,5)=SRC(4,4)=SRC(6,3)= (L(6) + L(7) + 1) >> 1;
+    SRC(1,6)=SRC(3,5)=SRC(5,4)=SRC(7,3)= (L(6) + 3*L(7) + 2) >> 2;
+    /* 20 positions all = L(7) per FFmpeg lines 1097-1100. */
+    SRC(0,7)=SRC(1,7)=SRC(2,6)=SRC(2,7)=SRC(3,6)=
+    SRC(3,7)=SRC(4,5)=SRC(4,6)=SRC(4,7)=SRC(5,5)=
+    SRC(5,6)=SRC(5,7)=SRC(6,4)=SRC(6,5)=SRC(6,6)=
+    SRC(6,7)=SRC(7,4)=SRC(7,5)=SRC(7,6)=SRC(7,7)= L(7);
+}
+
+#undef SRC
+#undef T
+#undef L
+#undef LT

src/h264_intra_pred_chroma8x8.c

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/*
+ * Standalone bit-exact C reference for H.264 chroma Intra_8x8
+ * prediction modes (per H.264 §8.3.3), used for both Cb and Cr
+ * planes at 4:2:0.  All 4 modes.
+ *
+ * Mode index → name (per H.264 Table 7-16):
+ *   0 = DC          (per-quadrant — asymmetric, see §8.3.3.2)
+ *   1 = Horizontal
+ *   2 = Vertical
+ *   3 = Plane       (slope coefficient 34, distinct from luma's 5)
+ *
+ * Calling convention (same shape as luma intra refs):
+ *   pred_chroma8x8_<mode>(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+ *
+ * `dst` points at row 0, col 0 of the 8x8 output block (single
+ * component plane — Cb or Cr, dispatched independently).  Neighbours:
+ *   top[0..7]   = dst[-stride + 0 .. -stride + 7]
+ *   top-left    = dst[-stride - 1]
+ *   left[0..7]  = dst[ 0*stride - 1 .. 7*stride - 1]
+ *
+ * AVAILABILITY: assumes all neighbours valid (interior-MB case).
+ * The H.264 spec defines per-quadrant fallback for the DC mode at
+ * MB boundaries; that's caller-side via the libavcodec intercept.
+ *
+ * License: BSD-2-Clause.
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+static inline int clip_u8(int v) { return v < 0 ? 0 : v > 255 ? 255 : v; }
+
+/* Mode 0 — DC (per-quadrant, 4:2:0 layout per §8.3.3.2).
+ *
+ * The 8×8 block is split into four 4×4 quadrants.  For interior
+ * MBs (all neighbours available), the DC value per quadrant uses:
+ *   (0,0) top-left  : (sum_top[0..3] + sum_left[0..3] + 4) >> 3
+ *   (0,1) top-right :  sum_top[4..7]                  + 2) >> 2
+ *   (1,0) bot-left  : (sum_left[4..7]                 + 2) >> 2
+ *   (1,1) bot-right : (sum_top[4..7] + sum_left[4..7] + 4) >> 3
+ *
+ * The asymmetry mirrors what neighbours are "logically available"
+ * for each quadrant in the spec's availability model.  Top-right
+ * quadrant ignores the top-left-half because that half is "vertically
+ * above" the top-left quadrant; the spec uses top[4..7] only.
+ */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_chroma8x8_dc(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    const uint8_t *top = dst - stride;
+    int top_lo = 0, top_hi = 0, left_lo = 0, left_hi = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        top_lo  += top[i];
+        top_hi  += top[4 + i];
+        left_lo += dst[i * stride - 1];
+        left_hi += dst[(4 + i) * stride - 1];
+    }
+    uint8_t dc00 = (uint8_t)((top_lo  + left_lo + 4) >> 3);  /* top-left */
+    uint8_t dc01 = (uint8_t)((top_hi             + 2) >> 2); /* top-right */
+    uint8_t dc10 = (uint8_t)((           left_hi + 2) >> 2); /* bot-left  */
+    uint8_t dc11 = (uint8_t)((top_hi  + left_hi + 4) >> 3);  /* bot-right */
+    for (int r = 0; r < 4; r++) {
+        for (int c = 0; c < 4; c++) {
+            dst[(    r) * stride +     c    ] = dc00;
+            dst[(    r) * stride + 4 + c    ] = dc01;
+            dst[(4 + r) * stride +     c    ] = dc10;
+            dst[(4 + r) * stride + 4 + c    ] = dc11;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* Mode 1 — Horizontal: each row = left[row]. */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_chroma8x8_horizontal(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++) {
+        uint8_t l = dst[r * stride - 1];
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) dst[r * stride + c] = l;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Mode 2 — Vertical: each col = top[col]. */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_chroma8x8_vertical(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    const uint8_t *top = dst - stride;
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) dst[r * stride + c] = top[c];
+}
+
+/* Mode 3 — Plane (per H.264 §8.3.3.4):
+ *   H = sum_{i=0..3} (i+1) * (p[4+i, -1]  - p[2-i, -1])    ; i=3 uses p[-1,-1]
+ *   V = sum_{j=0..3} (j+1) * (p[-1, 4+j]  - p[-1, 2-j])    ; j=3 uses p[-1,-1]
+ *   b = (34 * H + 32) >> 6
+ *   c = (34 * V + 32) >> 6
+ *   a = 16 * (p[-1, 7] + p[7, -1])
+ *   pred[y][x] = Clip1((a + b*(x - 3) + c*(y - 3) + 16) >> 5)
+ *
+ * Distinct from the Intra_16x16 luma Plane:
+ *   - Slope coefficient is 34 (not 5).
+ *   - Centre is (x-3, y-3) (not x-7, y-7).
+ *   - Spans 4 differences per sum (not 8).
+ */
+void daedalus_h264_pred_chroma8x8_plane(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    const uint8_t *top = dst - stride;
+    int H = 0, V = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        int t_right = top[4 + i];
+        int t_left  = (i == 3) ? top[-1] : top[2 - i];
+        H += (i + 1) * (t_right - t_left);
+    }
+    for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+        int l_bot = dst[(4 + j) * stride - 1];
+        int l_top = (j == 3) ? top[-1] : dst[(2 - j) * stride - 1];
+        V += (j + 1) * (l_bot - l_top);
+    }
+    int b = (34 * H + 32) >> 6;
+    int c = (34 * V + 32) >> 6;
+    int a = 16 * (dst[7 * stride - 1] + top[7]);
+    for (int y = 0; y < 8; y++) {
+        for (int x = 0; x < 8; x++) {
+            int v = (a + b * (x - 3) + c * (y - 3) + 16) >> 5;
+            dst[y * stride + x] = (uint8_t) clip_u8(v);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/v3d_h264_idct4.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 4x4 inverse integer transform + add, V3D 7.1.
+//
+// H.264 spec §8.5.12.1.  Pure integer arithmetic — no trig constants
+// (unlike VP9 IDCT 8x8).  Row pass first, column pass second; round
+// (+32) >> 6, add to dst, clip to u8.
+//
+// Block memory layout: COLUMN-MAJOR.  block[c*4 + r] = coefficient at
+// (row r, column c).  Matches FFmpeg `ff_h264_idct_add_neon`.
+//
+// Workgroup layout: 64 invocations = 4 lanes/block × 16 blocks/WG.
+//   - row pass: lane k (0..3) reads row k of the block (4 coefficients,
+//               one from each column), runs the butterfly, writes 4
+//               outputs to one row of tmp_shared.
+//   - column pass: lane k reads column k of tmp_shared (4 rows),
+//                  runs the butterfly, writes 4 outputs to dst as
+//                  column k at rows 0..3.
+//
+// shared = 16 × 16 × 4 B = 1 KiB.  Well under V3D's 16 KiB limit.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_16bit_storage            : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Coeffs {
+    int16_t coeffs[];   // N × 16 column-major
+} u_coeffs;
+
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst {
+    uint8_t dst[];      // H × stride bytes (caller-provided base)
+} u_dst;
+
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta {
+    uvec4 meta[];       // .x = dst_off (byte offset into u_dst.dst)
+} u_meta;
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC {
+    uint n_blocks;
+    uint dst_stride_u8;
+    uint _pad0, _pad1;
+} pc;
+
+// 16 blocks per WG × 16 ints per block = 256 ints = 1 KiB shared.
+shared int tmp_shared[16 * 16];
+
+// 1D butterfly per H.264 §8.5.12.1.  d[0..3] in, o[0..3] out.
+void idct4_1d(int d0, int d1, int d2, int d3,
+              out int o0, out int o1, out int o2, out int o3)
+{
+    int e = d0 + d2;
+    int f = d0 - d2;
+    int g = (d1 >> 1) - d3;
+    int h = d1 + (d3 >> 1);
+    o0 = e + h;
+    o1 = f + g;
+    o2 = f - g;
+    o3 = e - h;
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    // Lane decomposition: local_size 64 = 16 blocks × 4 lanes/block.
+    uint gid          = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+    uint wg_id        = gid / 64u;
+    uint lane_in_wg   = gid & 63u;
+    uint block_local  = lane_in_wg >> 2;          // 0..15
+    uint k            = lane_in_wg & 3u;          // 0..3
+    uint block_idx    = wg_id * 16u + block_local;
+
+    bool oob = (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks);
+
+    // ---- Row pass --------------------------------------------------
+    // lane k handles row r=k.  Reads block[c*4 + k] for c=0..3 (one
+    // element from each column at fixed row).
+    if (!oob) {
+        uint base = block_idx * 16u;
+        int d0 = int(u_coeffs.coeffs[base + 0u * 4u + k]);
+        int d1 = int(u_coeffs.coeffs[base + 1u * 4u + k]);
+        int d2 = int(u_coeffs.coeffs[base + 2u * 4u + k]);
+        int d3 = int(u_coeffs.coeffs[base + 3u * 4u + k]);
+
+        int o0, o1, o2, o3;
+        idct4_1d(d0, d1, d2, d3, o0, o1, o2, o3);
+
+        // Write row k of tmp_shared[block_local].
+        uint tbase = block_local * 16u + k * 4u;
+        tmp_shared[tbase + 0u] = o0;
+        tmp_shared[tbase + 1u] = o1;
+        tmp_shared[tbase + 2u] = o2;
+        tmp_shared[tbase + 3u] = o3;
+    }
+
+    barrier();
+
+    // ---- Column pass ----------------------------------------------
+    // lane k handles column c=k.  Reads tmp[r][k] for r=0..3.
+    if (!oob) {
+        uint tbase = block_local * 16u;
+        int s0 = tmp_shared[tbase + 0u * 4u + k];
+        int s1 = tmp_shared[tbase + 1u * 4u + k];
+        int s2 = tmp_shared[tbase + 2u * 4u + k];
+        int s3 = tmp_shared[tbase + 3u * 4u + k];
+
+        int o0, o1, o2, o3;
+        idct4_1d(s0, s1, s2, s3, o0, o1, o2, o3);
+
+        // Column k at rows 0..3 of dst, offset by meta.x (dst_off).
+        uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+        uint stride  = pc.dst_stride_u8;
+        uint a0 = dst_off + 0u * stride + k;
+        uint a1 = dst_off + 1u * stride + k;
+        uint a2 = dst_off + 2u * stride + k;
+        uint a3 = dst_off + 3u * stride + k;
+
+        int p0 = int(u_dst.dst[a0]);
+        int p1 = int(u_dst.dst[a1]);
+        int p2 = int(u_dst.dst[a2]);
+        int p3 = int(u_dst.dst[a3]);
+
+        u_dst.dst[a0] = uint8_t(clamp(p0 + ((o0 + 32) >> 6), 0, 255));
+        u_dst.dst[a1] = uint8_t(clamp(p1 + ((o1 + 32) >> 6), 0, 255));
+        u_dst.dst[a2] = uint8_t(clamp(p2 + ((o2 + 32) >> 6), 0, 255));
+        u_dst.dst[a3] = uint8_t(clamp(p3 + ((o3 + 32) >> 6), 0, 255));
+    }
+}

src/v3d_h264_idct8.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 8x8 inverse integer transform + add, V3D 7.1.
+//
+// H.264 spec §8.5.13.2 (High profile 8x8 IT).  Pure integer arithmetic
+// — different butterfly from VP9 IDCT 8x8 (cycle 1, uses cospi
+// multipliers).  Row pass first, column pass second; round (+32) >> 6,
+// add to dst, clip to u8.
+//
+// Block layout: COLUMN-MAJOR.  block[c*8 + r] = coefficient at
+// (row r, column c).  Matches FFmpeg `ff_h264_idct8_add_neon`.
+//
+// Workgroup layout: 64 invocations = 8 lanes/block × 8 blocks/WG.
+//   - row pass: lane k (0..7) reads row k of the block (8 coefficients,
+//               one from each column), runs the butterfly, writes 8
+//               outputs to one row of tmp_shared.
+//   - column pass: lane k reads column k of tmp_shared (8 rows),
+//                  runs the butterfly, writes 8 outputs to dst as
+//                  column k at rows 0..7.
+//
+// shared = 8 × 64 × 4 B = 2 KiB.  Well under V3D's 16 KiB limit.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_16bit_storage            : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Coeffs {
+    int16_t coeffs[];   // N × 64 column-major
+} u_coeffs;
+
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst {
+    uint8_t dst[];      // H × stride bytes
+} u_dst;
+
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta {
+    uvec4 meta[];       // .x = dst_off
+} u_meta;
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC {
+    uint n_blocks;
+    uint dst_stride_u8;
+    uint _pad0, _pad1;
+} pc;
+
+// 8 blocks/WG × 64 ints/block × 4 B = 2 KiB shared.
+shared int tmp_shared[8 * 64];
+
+// 1D 8-element butterfly per H.264 §8.5.13.2.
+void idct8_1d(int d0, int d1, int d2, int d3,
+              int d4, int d5, int d6, int d7,
+              out int g0, out int g1, out int g2, out int g3,
+              out int g4, out int g5, out int g6, out int g7)
+{
+    int e0 = d0 + d4;
+    int e1 = -d3 + d5 - d7 - (d7 >> 1);
+    int e2 = d0 - d4;
+    int e3 = d1 + d7 - d3 - (d3 >> 1);
+    int e4 = (d2 >> 1) - d6;
+    int e5 = -d1 + d7 + d5 + (d5 >> 1);
+    int e6 = d2 + (d6 >> 1);
+    int e7 = d3 + d5 + d1 + (d1 >> 1);
+
+    int f0 = e0 + e6;
+    int f1 = e1 + (e7 >> 2);
+    int f2 = e2 + e4;
+    int f3 = e3 + (e5 >> 2);
+    int f4 = e2 - e4;
+    int f5 = (e3 >> 2) - e5;
+    int f6 = e0 - e6;
+    int f7 = e7 - (e1 >> 2);
+
+    g0 = f0 + f7;
+    g1 = f2 + f5;
+    g2 = f4 + f3;
+    g3 = f6 + f1;
+    g4 = f6 - f1;
+    g5 = f4 - f3;
+    g6 = f2 - f5;
+    g7 = f0 - f7;
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    // local_size 64 = 8 blocks × 8 lanes/block.
+    uint gid          = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+    uint wg_id        = gid / 64u;
+    uint lane_in_wg   = gid & 63u;
+    uint block_local  = lane_in_wg >> 3;          // 0..7
+    uint k            = lane_in_wg & 7u;          // 0..7
+    uint block_idx    = wg_id * 8u + block_local;
+
+    bool oob = (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks);
+
+    // ---- Row pass --------------------------------------------------
+    // lane k handles row r=k.  Reads block[c*8 + k] for c=0..7.
+    if (!oob) {
+        uint base = block_idx * 64u;
+        int d0 = int(u_coeffs.coeffs[base + 0u * 8u + k]);
+        int d1 = int(u_coeffs.coeffs[base + 1u * 8u + k]);
+        int d2 = int(u_coeffs.coeffs[base + 2u * 8u + k]);
+        int d3 = int(u_coeffs.coeffs[base + 3u * 8u + k]);
+        int d4 = int(u_coeffs.coeffs[base + 4u * 8u + k]);
+        int d5 = int(u_coeffs.coeffs[base + 5u * 8u + k]);
+        int d6 = int(u_coeffs.coeffs[base + 6u * 8u + k]);
+        int d7 = int(u_coeffs.coeffs[base + 7u * 8u + k]);
+
+        int g0, g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7;
+        idct8_1d(d0, d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, d6, d7,
+                 g0, g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7);
+
+        // Write row k of tmp_shared[block_local].
+        uint tbase = block_local * 64u + k * 8u;
+        tmp_shared[tbase + 0u] = g0;
+        tmp_shared[tbase + 1u] = g1;
+        tmp_shared[tbase + 2u] = g2;
+        tmp_shared[tbase + 3u] = g3;
+        tmp_shared[tbase + 4u] = g4;
+        tmp_shared[tbase + 5u] = g5;
+        tmp_shared[tbase + 6u] = g6;
+        tmp_shared[tbase + 7u] = g7;
+    }
+
+    barrier();
+
+    // ---- Column pass ----------------------------------------------
+    // lane k handles column c=k.  Reads tmp[r][k] for r=0..7.
+    if (!oob) {
+        uint tbase = block_local * 64u;
+        int s0 = tmp_shared[tbase + 0u * 8u + k];
+        int s1 = tmp_shared[tbase + 1u * 8u + k];
+        int s2 = tmp_shared[tbase + 2u * 8u + k];
+        int s3 = tmp_shared[tbase + 3u * 8u + k];
+        int s4 = tmp_shared[tbase + 4u * 8u + k];
+        int s5 = tmp_shared[tbase + 5u * 8u + k];
+        int s6 = tmp_shared[tbase + 6u * 8u + k];
+        int s7 = tmp_shared[tbase + 7u * 8u + k];
+
+        int g0, g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7;
+        idct8_1d(s0, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7,
+                 g0, g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7);
+
+        // Column k at rows 0..7 of dst, offset by meta.x.
+        uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+        uint stride  = pc.dst_stride_u8;
+        uint a0 = dst_off + 0u * stride + k;
+        uint a1 = dst_off + 1u * stride + k;
+        uint a2 = dst_off + 2u * stride + k;
+        uint a3 = dst_off + 3u * stride + k;
+        uint a4 = dst_off + 4u * stride + k;
+        uint a5 = dst_off + 5u * stride + k;
+        uint a6 = dst_off + 6u * stride + k;
+        uint a7 = dst_off + 7u * stride + k;
+
+        int p0 = int(u_dst.dst[a0]);
+        int p1 = int(u_dst.dst[a1]);
+        int p2 = int(u_dst.dst[a2]);
+        int p3 = int(u_dst.dst[a3]);
+        int p4 = int(u_dst.dst[a4]);
+        int p5 = int(u_dst.dst[a5]);
+        int p6 = int(u_dst.dst[a6]);
+        int p7 = int(u_dst.dst[a7]);
+
+        u_dst.dst[a0] = uint8_t(clamp(p0 + ((g0 + 32) >> 6), 0, 255));
+        u_dst.dst[a1] = uint8_t(clamp(p1 + ((g1 + 32) >> 6), 0, 255));
+        u_dst.dst[a2] = uint8_t(clamp(p2 + ((g2 + 32) >> 6), 0, 255));
+        u_dst.dst[a3] = uint8_t(clamp(p3 + ((g3 + 32) >> 6), 0, 255));
+        u_dst.dst[a4] = uint8_t(clamp(p4 + ((g4 + 32) >> 6), 0, 255));
+        u_dst.dst[a5] = uint8_t(clamp(p5 + ((g5 + 32) >> 6), 0, 255));
+        u_dst.dst[a6] = uint8_t(clamp(p6 + ((g6 + 32) >> 6), 0, 255));
+        u_dst.dst[a7] = uint8_t(clamp(p7 + ((g7 + 32) >> 6), 0, 255));
+    }
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_avg_mc01.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel avg_mc01 (biprediction) (8x8, ¼-pel vertical),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 "d" position:
+//
+//   dst[r,c] = ((clip255(mc02(s)[r,c]) + s[r,c] + 1) >> 1)
+//
+// Sibling of v3d_h264_qpel_mc02.comp with L2 step against src[r, c].
+//
+//
+// avg_ variant for B-slice biprediction per H.264 §8.4.2.3.1:
+//   dst[r,c] = avg(dst[r,c], mc01_value)
+// Caller pre-loads dst with the list0 prediction; this shader
+// folds in the list1 contribution.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5 * s_m1 + 20 * s_0 + 20 * s_p1 - 5 * s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    int vp = clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+
+    int avg = (vp + s_0 + 1) >> 1;    // L2 with src[r, c]
+    uint final_off = dst_off + r * stride + c;
+    int prev = int(u_dst.dst[final_off]);
+    u_dst.dst[final_off] = uint8_t((prev + avg + 1) >> 1);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_avg_mc02.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel avg_mc02 (biprediction) (8x8, vertical half-pel), V3D 7.1.
+//
+// Sibling of cycle 9's v3d_h264_qpel_mc20.comp.  Same 6-tap filter,
+// transposed to vertical direction:
+//
+//   dst[r,c] = clip255(
+//       ( s[r-2,c]
+//         - 5 * s[r-1,c]
+//         + 20 * s[r,  c]
+//         + 20 * s[r+1,c]
+//         -  5 * s[r+2,c]
+//         +      s[r+3,c]
+//         + 16
+//       ) >> 5)
+//
+// src+src_off points at row 0 col 0 of the OUTPUT block; the filter
+// reads rows -2..+3 (2 rows of top context, 3 rows of bottom).
+//
+// Same WG layout as mc20: 64 lanes / 1 block-per-WG / 1 lane-per-pixel.
+//
+//
+// avg_ variant for B-slice biprediction per H.264 §8.4.2.3.1:
+//   dst[r,c] = avg(dst[r,c], mc02_value)
+// Caller pre-loads dst with the list0 prediction; this shader
+// folds in the list1 contribution.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC {
+    uint n_blocks;
+    uint stride_u8;
+    uint _pad0, _pad1;
+} pc;
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3;
+    uint c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    // Read the 6 rows of vertical context at col (c) of THIS output row.
+    // src_off+r*stride+c is at the OUTPUT pixel position; the kernel
+    // samples r-2..r+3 along the column.  Unsigned-safe because the
+    // public API contract guarantees src_off >= 2*stride.
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+
+    int v = s_m2 - 5 * s_m1 + 20 * s_0 + 20 * s_p1 - 5 * s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    int p = clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+
+    uint final_off = dst_off + r * stride + c;
+    int prev = int(u_dst.dst[final_off]);
+    u_dst.dst[final_off] = uint8_t((prev + p + 1) >> 1);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_avg_mc03.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel avg_mc03 (biprediction) (8x8, ¾-pel vertical),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 "n" position:
+//
+//   dst[r,c] = ((clip255(mc02(s)[r,c]) + s[r+1, c] + 1) >> 1)
+//
+// Same as mc01 but L2-averages with src[r+1, c] instead of src[r, c].
+//
+//
+// avg_ variant for B-slice biprediction per H.264 §8.4.2.3.1:
+//   dst[r,c] = avg(dst[r,c], mc03_value)
+// Caller pre-loads dst with the list0 prediction; this shader
+// folds in the list1 contribution.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5 * s_m1 + 20 * s_0 + 20 * s_p1 - 5 * s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    int vp = clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+
+    int avg = (vp + s_p1 + 1) >> 1;   // L2 with src[r+1, c]
+    uint final_off = dst_off + r * stride + c;
+    int prev = int(u_dst.dst[final_off]);
+    u_dst.dst[final_off] = uint8_t((prev + avg + 1) >> 1);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_avg_mc10.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel avg_mc10 (biprediction) (8x8, ¼-pel horizontal),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 "a" position:
+//
+//   dst[r,c] = ((clip255(mc20(s)[r,c]) + s[r,c] + 1) >> 1)
+//
+// = horizontal half-pel filter, clipped to u8, then L2 rounded-averaged
+// with the integer source pixel at the SAME position.  Sibling of
+// v3d_h264_qpel_mc20.comp with the L2 step added at the tail.
+//
+//
+// avg_ variant for B-slice biprediction per H.264 §8.4.2.3.1:
+//   dst[r,c] = avg(dst[r,c], mc10_value)
+// Caller pre-loads dst with the list0 prediction; this shader
+// folds in the list1 contribution.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5 * s_m1 + 20 * s_0 + 20 * s_p1 - 5 * s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    int hp = clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+
+    // L2 average with the integer source at the SAME (r, c) position.
+    int avg = (hp + s_0 + 1) >> 1;
+    uint final_off = dst_off + r * stride + c;
+    int prev = int(u_dst.dst[final_off]);
+    u_dst.dst[final_off] = uint8_t((prev + avg + 1) >> 1);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_avg_mc11.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel avg_mc11 (biprediction) (8x8, diagonal quarter-pel),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 (table 8-4) — composes two half-pel
+// anchors via L2 rounded-average:
+//
+//   mc11[r,c] = avg(mc20(r, c),
+//                     mc02(r, c))
+//
+// Per-lane structure: each lane computes BOTH anchor outputs at its
+// own (r, c) target offset, then L2 averages.  No shared memory.
+// Same WG geometry as the other qpel shaders.
+//
+//
+// avg_ variant for B-slice biprediction per H.264 §8.4.2.3.1:
+//   dst[r,c] = avg(dst[r,c], mc11_value)
+// Caller pre-loads dst with the list0 prediction; this shader
+// folds in the list1 contribution.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src  { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+int hpel_h(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_v(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_hv_row(uint src_off, uint stride, uint rr, uint c) {
+    // Single row's int16 horizontal lowpass (NOT clipped — used as
+    // intermediate for the vertical pass of hpel_hv).
+    uint row_base = src_off + rr * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    return s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3;
+}
+
+int hpel_hv(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    int t0 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 2u, c);
+    int t1 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 1u, c);
+    int t2 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r,       c);
+    int t3 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 1u, c);
+    int t4 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 2u, c);
+    int t5 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 3u, c);
+    int v = t0 - 5*t1 + 20*t2 + 20*t3 - 5*t4 + t5 + 512;
+    return clamp(v >> 10, 0, 255);
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    int a = hpel_h(src_off, stride, r, c);
+    int b = hpel_v(src_off, stride, r, c);
+    int avg = (a + b + 1) >> 1;
+    uint final_off = dst_off + r * stride + c;
+    int prev = int(u_dst.dst[final_off]);
+    u_dst.dst[final_off] = uint8_t((prev + avg + 1) >> 1);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_avg_mc12.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel avg_mc12 (biprediction) (8x8, diagonal quarter-pel),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 (table 8-4) — composes two half-pel
+// anchors via L2 rounded-average:
+//
+//   mc12[r,c] = avg(mc22(r, c),
+//                     mc02(r, c))
+//
+// Per-lane structure: each lane computes BOTH anchor outputs at its
+// own (r, c) target offset, then L2 averages.  No shared memory.
+// Same WG geometry as the other qpel shaders.
+//
+//
+// avg_ variant for B-slice biprediction per H.264 §8.4.2.3.1:
+//   dst[r,c] = avg(dst[r,c], mc12_value)
+// Caller pre-loads dst with the list0 prediction; this shader
+// folds in the list1 contribution.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src  { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+int hpel_h(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_v(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_hv_row(uint src_off, uint stride, uint rr, uint c) {
+    // Single row's int16 horizontal lowpass (NOT clipped — used as
+    // intermediate for the vertical pass of hpel_hv).
+    uint row_base = src_off + rr * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    return s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3;
+}
+
+int hpel_hv(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    int t0 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 2u, c);
+    int t1 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 1u, c);
+    int t2 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r,       c);
+    int t3 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 1u, c);
+    int t4 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 2u, c);
+    int t5 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 3u, c);
+    int v = t0 - 5*t1 + 20*t2 + 20*t3 - 5*t4 + t5 + 512;
+    return clamp(v >> 10, 0, 255);
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    int a = hpel_hv(src_off, stride, r, c);
+    int b = hpel_v(src_off, stride, r, c);
+    int avg = (a + b + 1) >> 1;
+    uint final_off = dst_off + r * stride + c;
+    int prev = int(u_dst.dst[final_off]);
+    u_dst.dst[final_off] = uint8_t((prev + avg + 1) >> 1);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_avg_mc13.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel avg_mc13 (biprediction) (8x8, diagonal quarter-pel),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 (table 8-4) — composes two half-pel
+// anchors via L2 rounded-average:
+//
+//   mc13[r,c] = avg(mc20(r+1, c),
+//                     mc02(r, c))
+//
+// Per-lane structure: each lane computes BOTH anchor outputs at its
+// own (r, c) target offset, then L2 averages.  No shared memory.
+// Same WG geometry as the other qpel shaders.
+//
+//
+// avg_ variant for B-slice biprediction per H.264 §8.4.2.3.1:
+//   dst[r,c] = avg(dst[r,c], mc13_value)
+// Caller pre-loads dst with the list0 prediction; this shader
+// folds in the list1 contribution.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src  { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+int hpel_h(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_v(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_hv_row(uint src_off, uint stride, uint rr, uint c) {
+    // Single row's int16 horizontal lowpass (NOT clipped — used as
+    // intermediate for the vertical pass of hpel_hv).
+    uint row_base = src_off + rr * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    return s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3;
+}
+
+int hpel_hv(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    int t0 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 2u, c);
+    int t1 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 1u, c);
+    int t2 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r,       c);
+    int t3 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 1u, c);
+    int t4 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 2u, c);
+    int t5 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 3u, c);
+    int v = t0 - 5*t1 + 20*t2 + 20*t3 - 5*t4 + t5 + 512;
+    return clamp(v >> 10, 0, 255);
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    int a = hpel_h(src_off, stride, r+1u, c);
+    int b = hpel_v(src_off, stride, r, c);
+    int avg = (a + b + 1) >> 1;
+    uint final_off = dst_off + r * stride + c;
+    int prev = int(u_dst.dst[final_off]);
+    u_dst.dst[final_off] = uint8_t((prev + avg + 1) >> 1);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_avg_mc20.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel avg_mc20 (biprediction) (8x8, horizontal half-pel), V3D 7.1.
+//
+// H.264 spec §8.4.2.2.1 horizontal 6-tap luma interpolation:
+//
+//   dst[r,c] = clip255(
+//       ( s[r,c-2]
+//         - 5 * s[r,c-1]
+//         + 20 * s[r,c]
+//         + 20 * s[r,c+1]
+//         -  5 * s[r,c+2]
+//         +      s[r,c+3]
+//         + 16
+//       ) >> 5)
+//
+// Single-stride: dst and src share `stride` (H264QpelContext
+// convention).  src+src_off already points at the leftmost output
+// column (col 0); the filter reads cols -2..+3.  Caller guarantees
+// edge-padding context per the public API docstring.
+//
+// Workgroup layout: 64 invocations = 1 lane per output pixel.
+// 1 block per WG; n_blocks WGs total.  This is the simplest layout
+// that avoids any inter-lane communication — each lane independently
+// reads its 6 src samples and writes its 1 dst sample.  V3D's L2
+// cache handles the redundant reads from adjacent lanes.
+//
+//
+// avg_ variant for B-slice biprediction per H.264 §8.4.2.3.1:
+//   dst[r,c] = avg(dst[r,c], mc20_value)
+// Caller pre-loads dst with the list0 prediction; this shader
+// folds in the list1 contribution.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src {
+    uint8_t src[];
+} u_src;
+
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst {
+    uint8_t dst[];
+} u_dst;
+
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta {
+    uvec4 meta[];       // .x = dst_off, .y = src_off
+} u_meta;
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC {
+    uint n_blocks;
+    uint stride_u8;
+    uint _pad0, _pad1;
+} pc;
+
+void main()
+{
+    // 1 block per WG, 64 lanes covering the 8x8 output block.
+    uint wg_id      = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    uint block_idx  = wg_id;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3;    // 0..7 (row)
+    uint c = lane & 7u;    // 0..7 (column)
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    // src points at output col 0 of the block; filter reads cols -2..+3
+    // of the current row.  Negative col arithmetic is unsigned-safe
+    // because src_off >= 2 (caller-guaranteed left context).
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base + 0u]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+
+    int v = s_m2 - 5 * s_m1 + 20 * s_0 + 20 * s_p1 - 5 * s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    int p = clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+
+    uint final_off = dst_off + r * stride + c;
+    int prev = int(u_dst.dst[final_off]);
+    u_dst.dst[final_off] = uint8_t((prev + p + 1) >> 1);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_avg_mc21.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel avg_mc21 (biprediction) (8x8, diagonal quarter-pel),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 (table 8-4) — composes two half-pel
+// anchors via L2 rounded-average:
+//
+//   mc21[r,c] = avg(mc22(r, c),
+//                     mc20(r, c))
+//
+// Per-lane structure: each lane computes BOTH anchor outputs at its
+// own (r, c) target offset, then L2 averages.  No shared memory.
+// Same WG geometry as the other qpel shaders.
+//
+//
+// avg_ variant for B-slice biprediction per H.264 §8.4.2.3.1:
+//   dst[r,c] = avg(dst[r,c], mc21_value)
+// Caller pre-loads dst with the list0 prediction; this shader
+// folds in the list1 contribution.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src  { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+int hpel_h(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_v(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_hv_row(uint src_off, uint stride, uint rr, uint c) {
+    // Single row's int16 horizontal lowpass (NOT clipped — used as
+    // intermediate for the vertical pass of hpel_hv).
+    uint row_base = src_off + rr * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    return s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3;
+}
+
+int hpel_hv(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    int t0 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 2u, c);
+    int t1 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 1u, c);
+    int t2 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r,       c);
+    int t3 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 1u, c);
+    int t4 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 2u, c);
+    int t5 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 3u, c);
+    int v = t0 - 5*t1 + 20*t2 + 20*t3 - 5*t4 + t5 + 512;
+    return clamp(v >> 10, 0, 255);
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    int a = hpel_hv(src_off, stride, r, c);
+    int b = hpel_h(src_off, stride, r, c);
+    int avg = (a + b + 1) >> 1;
+    uint final_off = dst_off + r * stride + c;
+    int prev = int(u_dst.dst[final_off]);
+    u_dst.dst[final_off] = uint8_t((prev + avg + 1) >> 1);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_avg_mc22.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel avg_mc22 (biprediction) (8x8, 2D half-pel "j" position).
+// V3D 7.1.
+//
+// Cascaded H+V 6-tap per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 / FFmpeg ff_put_h264_qpel8_mc22_neon:
+//
+//   tmp[r,c] = src[r,c-2] - 5*src[r,c-1] + 20*src[r,c] + 20*src[r,c+1]
+//              - 5*src[r,c+2] + src[r,c+3]                    (int16)
+//
+//   dst[r,c] = clip255((tmp[r-2,c] - 5*tmp[r-1,c] + 20*tmp[r,c]
+//                       + 20*tmp[r+1,c] - 5*tmp[r+2,c] + tmp[r+3,c]
+//                       + 512) >> 10)
+//
+// The +512 >> 10 final scale compensates for both 6-tap scalings.
+// CANNOT just cascade mc20→mc02 because intermediate must be int16
+// (no per-stage clip), so this is a dedicated kernel.
+//
+// Per-lane structure: each lane computes its own (r, c) output by
+// running the FULL cascade — 6 horizontal lowpass int16 values for
+// rows r-2..r+3, then a vertical lowpass on those.  ~50 ALU ops per
+// lane.  No shared memory / barriers needed; V3D L2 absorbs the
+// redundant src reads across lanes.
+//
+// WG layout: 64 lanes / 1 block-per-WG / 1 lane-per-output-pixel
+// (same as mc20 / mc02).
+//
+//
+// avg_ variant for B-slice biprediction per H.264 §8.4.2.3.1:
+//   dst[r,c] = avg(dst[r,c], mc22_value)
+// Caller pre-loads dst with the list0 prediction; this shader
+// folds in the list1 contribution.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC {
+    uint n_blocks;
+    uint stride_u8;
+    uint _pad0, _pad1;
+} pc;
+
+// Horizontal 6-tap filter at (row_off, c) — reads src at cols c-2..c+3
+// of the row identified by row_off, returns int16 intermediate (NOT
+// scaled — the v-pass does the +512 >> 10 for both stages).
+int hpel_h(uint row_off, uint c)
+{
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_off + c - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_off + c - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_off + c       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_off + c + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_off + c + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_off + c + 3u]);
+    return s_m2 - 5 * s_m1 + 20 * s_0 + 20 * s_p1 - 5 * s_p2 + s_p3;
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3;
+    uint c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    // Compute 6 horizontal lowpass values at rows r-2..r+3 (relative
+    // to the output row r) of column c.  src_off+r*stride+c is the
+    // output pixel position; we sample rows r-2..r+3.
+    // Unsigned-safe because src_off >= 2*stride per the caller contract.
+    int t0 = hpel_h(src_off + (r - 2u) * stride, c);
+    int t1 = hpel_h(src_off + (r - 1u) * stride, c);
+    int t2 = hpel_h(src_off +  r       * stride, c);
+    int t3 = hpel_h(src_off + (r + 1u) * stride, c);
+    int t4 = hpel_h(src_off + (r + 2u) * stride, c);
+    int t5 = hpel_h(src_off + (r + 3u) * stride, c);
+
+    int v = t0 - 5 * t1 + 20 * t2 + 20 * t3 - 5 * t4 + t5 + 512;
+    int p = clamp(v >> 10, 0, 255);
+
+    uint final_off = dst_off + r * stride + c;
+    int prev = int(u_dst.dst[final_off]);
+    u_dst.dst[final_off] = uint8_t((prev + p + 1) >> 1);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_avg_mc23.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel avg_mc23 (biprediction) (8x8, diagonal quarter-pel),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 (table 8-4) — composes two half-pel
+// anchors via L2 rounded-average:
+//
+//   mc23[r,c] = avg(mc22(r, c),
+//                     mc20(r+1, c))
+//
+// Per-lane structure: each lane computes BOTH anchor outputs at its
+// own (r, c) target offset, then L2 averages.  No shared memory.
+// Same WG geometry as the other qpel shaders.
+//
+//
+// avg_ variant for B-slice biprediction per H.264 §8.4.2.3.1:
+//   dst[r,c] = avg(dst[r,c], mc23_value)
+// Caller pre-loads dst with the list0 prediction; this shader
+// folds in the list1 contribution.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src  { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+int hpel_h(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_v(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_hv_row(uint src_off, uint stride, uint rr, uint c) {
+    // Single row's int16 horizontal lowpass (NOT clipped — used as
+    // intermediate for the vertical pass of hpel_hv).
+    uint row_base = src_off + rr * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    return s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3;
+}
+
+int hpel_hv(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    int t0 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 2u, c);
+    int t1 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 1u, c);
+    int t2 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r,       c);
+    int t3 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 1u, c);
+    int t4 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 2u, c);
+    int t5 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 3u, c);
+    int v = t0 - 5*t1 + 20*t2 + 20*t3 - 5*t4 + t5 + 512;
+    return clamp(v >> 10, 0, 255);
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    int a = hpel_hv(src_off, stride, r, c);
+    int b = hpel_h(src_off, stride, r+1u, c);
+    int avg = (a + b + 1) >> 1;
+    uint final_off = dst_off + r * stride + c;
+    int prev = int(u_dst.dst[final_off]);
+    u_dst.dst[final_off] = uint8_t((prev + avg + 1) >> 1);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_avg_mc30.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel avg_mc30 (biprediction) (8x8, ¾-pel horizontal),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 "c" position:
+//
+//   dst[r,c] = ((clip255(mc20(s)[r,c]) + s[r,c+1] + 1) >> 1)
+//
+// Same as mc10 but L2-averages with src[r, c+1] instead of src[r, c].
+//
+//
+// avg_ variant for B-slice biprediction per H.264 §8.4.2.3.1:
+//   dst[r,c] = avg(dst[r,c], mc30_value)
+// Caller pre-loads dst with the list0 prediction; this shader
+// folds in the list1 contribution.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5 * s_m1 + 20 * s_0 + 20 * s_p1 - 5 * s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    int hp = clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+
+    int avg = (hp + s_p1 + 1) >> 1;   // L2 with src[r, c+1]
+    uint final_off = dst_off + r * stride + c;
+    int prev = int(u_dst.dst[final_off]);
+    u_dst.dst[final_off] = uint8_t((prev + avg + 1) >> 1);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_avg_mc31.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel avg_mc31 (biprediction) (8x8, diagonal quarter-pel),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 (table 8-4) — composes two half-pel
+// anchors via L2 rounded-average:
+//
+//   mc31[r,c] = avg(mc20(r, c),
+//                     mc02(r, c+1))
+//
+// Per-lane structure: each lane computes BOTH anchor outputs at its
+// own (r, c) target offset, then L2 averages.  No shared memory.
+// Same WG geometry as the other qpel shaders.
+//
+//
+// avg_ variant for B-slice biprediction per H.264 §8.4.2.3.1:
+//   dst[r,c] = avg(dst[r,c], mc31_value)
+// Caller pre-loads dst with the list0 prediction; this shader
+// folds in the list1 contribution.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src  { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+int hpel_h(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_v(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_hv_row(uint src_off, uint stride, uint rr, uint c) {
+    // Single row's int16 horizontal lowpass (NOT clipped — used as
+    // intermediate for the vertical pass of hpel_hv).
+    uint row_base = src_off + rr * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    return s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3;
+}
+
+int hpel_hv(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    int t0 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 2u, c);
+    int t1 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 1u, c);
+    int t2 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r,       c);
+    int t3 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 1u, c);
+    int t4 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 2u, c);
+    int t5 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 3u, c);
+    int v = t0 - 5*t1 + 20*t2 + 20*t3 - 5*t4 + t5 + 512;
+    return clamp(v >> 10, 0, 255);
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    int a = hpel_h(src_off, stride, r, c);
+    int b = hpel_v(src_off, stride, r, c+1u);
+    int avg = (a + b + 1) >> 1;
+    uint final_off = dst_off + r * stride + c;
+    int prev = int(u_dst.dst[final_off]);
+    u_dst.dst[final_off] = uint8_t((prev + avg + 1) >> 1);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_avg_mc32.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel avg_mc32 (biprediction) (8x8, diagonal quarter-pel),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 (table 8-4) — composes two half-pel
+// anchors via L2 rounded-average:
+//
+//   mc32[r,c] = avg(mc22(r, c),
+//                     mc02(r, c+1))
+//
+// Per-lane structure: each lane computes BOTH anchor outputs at its
+// own (r, c) target offset, then L2 averages.  No shared memory.
+// Same WG geometry as the other qpel shaders.
+//
+//
+// avg_ variant for B-slice biprediction per H.264 §8.4.2.3.1:
+//   dst[r,c] = avg(dst[r,c], mc32_value)
+// Caller pre-loads dst with the list0 prediction; this shader
+// folds in the list1 contribution.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src  { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+int hpel_h(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_v(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_hv_row(uint src_off, uint stride, uint rr, uint c) {
+    // Single row's int16 horizontal lowpass (NOT clipped — used as
+    // intermediate for the vertical pass of hpel_hv).
+    uint row_base = src_off + rr * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    return s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3;
+}
+
+int hpel_hv(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    int t0 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 2u, c);
+    int t1 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 1u, c);
+    int t2 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r,       c);
+    int t3 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 1u, c);
+    int t4 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 2u, c);
+    int t5 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 3u, c);
+    int v = t0 - 5*t1 + 20*t2 + 20*t3 - 5*t4 + t5 + 512;
+    return clamp(v >> 10, 0, 255);
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    int a = hpel_hv(src_off, stride, r, c);
+    int b = hpel_v(src_off, stride, r, c+1u);
+    int avg = (a + b + 1) >> 1;
+    uint final_off = dst_off + r * stride + c;
+    int prev = int(u_dst.dst[final_off]);
+    u_dst.dst[final_off] = uint8_t((prev + avg + 1) >> 1);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_avg_mc33.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel avg_mc33 (biprediction) (8x8, diagonal quarter-pel),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 (table 8-4) — composes two half-pel
+// anchors via L2 rounded-average:
+//
+//   mc33[r,c] = avg(mc20(r+1, c),
+//                     mc02(r, c+1))
+//
+// Per-lane structure: each lane computes BOTH anchor outputs at its
+// own (r, c) target offset, then L2 averages.  No shared memory.
+// Same WG geometry as the other qpel shaders.
+//
+//
+// avg_ variant for B-slice biprediction per H.264 §8.4.2.3.1:
+//   dst[r,c] = avg(dst[r,c], mc33_value)
+// Caller pre-loads dst with the list0 prediction; this shader
+// folds in the list1 contribution.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src  { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+int hpel_h(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_v(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_hv_row(uint src_off, uint stride, uint rr, uint c) {
+    // Single row's int16 horizontal lowpass (NOT clipped — used as
+    // intermediate for the vertical pass of hpel_hv).
+    uint row_base = src_off + rr * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    return s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3;
+}
+
+int hpel_hv(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    int t0 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 2u, c);
+    int t1 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 1u, c);
+    int t2 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r,       c);
+    int t3 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 1u, c);
+    int t4 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 2u, c);
+    int t5 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 3u, c);
+    int v = t0 - 5*t1 + 20*t2 + 20*t3 - 5*t4 + t5 + 512;
+    return clamp(v >> 10, 0, 255);
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    int a = hpel_h(src_off, stride, r+1u, c);
+    int b = hpel_v(src_off, stride, r, c+1u);
+    int avg = (a + b + 1) >> 1;
+    uint final_off = dst_off + r * stride + c;
+    int prev = int(u_dst.dst[final_off]);
+    u_dst.dst[final_off] = uint8_t((prev + avg + 1) >> 1);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc01.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel mc01 (8x8, ¼-pel vertical),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 "d" position:
+//
+//   dst[r,c] = ((clip255(mc02(s)[r,c]) + s[r,c] + 1) >> 1)
+//
+// Sibling of v3d_h264_qpel_mc02.comp with L2 step against src[r, c].
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5 * s_m1 + 20 * s_0 + 20 * s_p1 - 5 * s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    int vp = clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+
+    int avg = (vp + s_0 + 1) >> 1;    // L2 with src[r, c]
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off + r * stride + c] = uint8_t(avg);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc02.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel mc02 (8x8, vertical half-pel), V3D 7.1.
+//
+// Sibling of cycle 9's v3d_h264_qpel_mc20.comp.  Same 6-tap filter,
+// transposed to vertical direction:
+//
+//   dst[r,c] = clip255(
+//       ( s[r-2,c]
+//         - 5 * s[r-1,c]
+//         + 20 * s[r,  c]
+//         + 20 * s[r+1,c]
+//         -  5 * s[r+2,c]
+//         +      s[r+3,c]
+//         + 16
+//       ) >> 5)
+//
+// src+src_off points at row 0 col 0 of the OUTPUT block; the filter
+// reads rows -2..+3 (2 rows of top context, 3 rows of bottom).
+//
+// Same WG layout as mc20: 64 lanes / 1 block-per-WG / 1 lane-per-pixel.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC {
+    uint n_blocks;
+    uint stride_u8;
+    uint _pad0, _pad1;
+} pc;
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3;
+    uint c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    // Read the 6 rows of vertical context at col (c) of THIS output row.
+    // src_off+r*stride+c is at the OUTPUT pixel position; the kernel
+    // samples r-2..r+3 along the column.  Unsigned-safe because the
+    // public API contract guarantees src_off >= 2*stride.
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+
+    int v = s_m2 - 5 * s_m1 + 20 * s_0 + 20 * s_p1 - 5 * s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    int p = clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off + r * stride + c] = uint8_t(p);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc03.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel mc03 (8x8, ¾-pel vertical),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 "n" position:
+//
+//   dst[r,c] = ((clip255(mc02(s)[r,c]) + s[r+1, c] + 1) >> 1)
+//
+// Same as mc01 but L2-averages with src[r+1, c] instead of src[r, c].
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5 * s_m1 + 20 * s_0 + 20 * s_p1 - 5 * s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    int vp = clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+
+    int avg = (vp + s_p1 + 1) >> 1;   // L2 with src[r+1, c]
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off + r * stride + c] = uint8_t(avg);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc10.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel mc10 (8x8, ¼-pel horizontal),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 "a" position:
+//
+//   dst[r,c] = ((clip255(mc20(s)[r,c]) + s[r,c] + 1) >> 1)
+//
+// = horizontal half-pel filter, clipped to u8, then L2 rounded-averaged
+// with the integer source pixel at the SAME position.  Sibling of
+// v3d_h264_qpel_mc20.comp with the L2 step added at the tail.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5 * s_m1 + 20 * s_0 + 20 * s_p1 - 5 * s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    int hp = clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+
+    // L2 average with the integer source at the SAME (r, c) position.
+    int avg = (hp + s_0 + 1) >> 1;
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off + r * stride + c] = uint8_t(avg);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc11.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel mc11 (8x8, diagonal quarter-pel),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 (table 8-4) — composes two half-pel
+// anchors via L2 rounded-average:
+//
+//   mc11[r,c] = avg(mc20(r, c),
+//                     mc02(r, c))
+//
+// Per-lane structure: each lane computes BOTH anchor outputs at its
+// own (r, c) target offset, then L2 averages.  No shared memory.
+// Same WG geometry as the other qpel shaders.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src  { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+int hpel_h(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_v(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_hv_row(uint src_off, uint stride, uint rr, uint c) {
+    // Single row's int16 horizontal lowpass (NOT clipped — used as
+    // intermediate for the vertical pass of hpel_hv).
+    uint row_base = src_off + rr * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    return s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3;
+}
+
+int hpel_hv(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    int t0 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 2u, c);
+    int t1 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 1u, c);
+    int t2 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r,       c);
+    int t3 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 1u, c);
+    int t4 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 2u, c);
+    int t5 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 3u, c);
+    int v = t0 - 5*t1 + 20*t2 + 20*t3 - 5*t4 + t5 + 512;
+    return clamp(v >> 10, 0, 255);
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    int a = hpel_h(src_off, stride, r, c);
+    int b = hpel_v(src_off, stride, r, c);
+    int avg = (a + b + 1) >> 1;
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off + r * stride + c] = uint8_t(avg);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc12.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel mc12 (8x8, diagonal quarter-pel),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 (table 8-4) — composes two half-pel
+// anchors via L2 rounded-average:
+//
+//   mc12[r,c] = avg(mc22(r, c),
+//                     mc02(r, c))
+//
+// Per-lane structure: each lane computes BOTH anchor outputs at its
+// own (r, c) target offset, then L2 averages.  No shared memory.
+// Same WG geometry as the other qpel shaders.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src  { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+int hpel_h(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_v(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_hv_row(uint src_off, uint stride, uint rr, uint c) {
+    // Single row's int16 horizontal lowpass (NOT clipped — used as
+    // intermediate for the vertical pass of hpel_hv).
+    uint row_base = src_off + rr * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    return s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3;
+}
+
+int hpel_hv(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    int t0 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 2u, c);
+    int t1 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 1u, c);
+    int t2 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r,       c);
+    int t3 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 1u, c);
+    int t4 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 2u, c);
+    int t5 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 3u, c);
+    int v = t0 - 5*t1 + 20*t2 + 20*t3 - 5*t4 + t5 + 512;
+    return clamp(v >> 10, 0, 255);
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    int a = hpel_hv(src_off, stride, r, c);
+    int b = hpel_v(src_off, stride, r, c);
+    int avg = (a + b + 1) >> 1;
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off + r * stride + c] = uint8_t(avg);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc13.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel mc13 (8x8, diagonal quarter-pel),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 (table 8-4) — composes two half-pel
+// anchors via L2 rounded-average:
+//
+//   mc13[r,c] = avg(mc20(r+1, c),
+//                     mc02(r, c))
+//
+// Per-lane structure: each lane computes BOTH anchor outputs at its
+// own (r, c) target offset, then L2 averages.  No shared memory.
+// Same WG geometry as the other qpel shaders.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src  { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+int hpel_h(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_v(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_hv_row(uint src_off, uint stride, uint rr, uint c) {
+    // Single row's int16 horizontal lowpass (NOT clipped — used as
+    // intermediate for the vertical pass of hpel_hv).
+    uint row_base = src_off + rr * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    return s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3;
+}
+
+int hpel_hv(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    int t0 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 2u, c);
+    int t1 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 1u, c);
+    int t2 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r,       c);
+    int t3 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 1u, c);
+    int t4 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 2u, c);
+    int t5 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 3u, c);
+    int v = t0 - 5*t1 + 20*t2 + 20*t3 - 5*t4 + t5 + 512;
+    return clamp(v >> 10, 0, 255);
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    int a = hpel_h(src_off, stride, r+1u, c);
+    int b = hpel_v(src_off, stride, r, c);
+    int avg = (a + b + 1) >> 1;
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off + r * stride + c] = uint8_t(avg);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc20.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel mc20 (8x8, horizontal half-pel), V3D 7.1.
+//
+// H.264 spec §8.4.2.2.1 horizontal 6-tap luma interpolation:
+//
+//   dst[r,c] = clip255(
+//       ( s[r,c-2]
+//         - 5 * s[r,c-1]
+//         + 20 * s[r,c]
+//         + 20 * s[r,c+1]
+//         -  5 * s[r,c+2]
+//         +      s[r,c+3]
+//         + 16
+//       ) >> 5)
+//
+// Single-stride: dst and src share `stride` (H264QpelContext
+// convention).  src+src_off already points at the leftmost output
+// column (col 0); the filter reads cols -2..+3.  Caller guarantees
+// edge-padding context per the public API docstring.
+//
+// Workgroup layout: 64 invocations = 1 lane per output pixel.
+// 1 block per WG; n_blocks WGs total.  This is the simplest layout
+// that avoids any inter-lane communication — each lane independently
+// reads its 6 src samples and writes its 1 dst sample.  V3D's L2
+// cache handles the redundant reads from adjacent lanes.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src {
+    uint8_t src[];
+} u_src;
+
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst {
+    uint8_t dst[];
+} u_dst;
+
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta {
+    uvec4 meta[];       // .x = dst_off, .y = src_off
+} u_meta;
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC {
+    uint n_blocks;
+    uint stride_u8;
+    uint _pad0, _pad1;
+} pc;
+
+void main()
+{
+    // 1 block per WG, 64 lanes covering the 8x8 output block.
+    uint wg_id      = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    uint block_idx  = wg_id;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3;    // 0..7 (row)
+    uint c = lane & 7u;    // 0..7 (column)
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    // src points at output col 0 of the block; filter reads cols -2..+3
+    // of the current row.  Negative col arithmetic is unsigned-safe
+    // because src_off >= 2 (caller-guaranteed left context).
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base + 0u]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+
+    int v = s_m2 - 5 * s_m1 + 20 * s_0 + 20 * s_p1 - 5 * s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    int p = clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off + r * stride + c] = uint8_t(p);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc21.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel mc21 (8x8, diagonal quarter-pel),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 (table 8-4) — composes two half-pel
+// anchors via L2 rounded-average:
+//
+//   mc21[r,c] = avg(mc22(r, c),
+//                     mc20(r, c))
+//
+// Per-lane structure: each lane computes BOTH anchor outputs at its
+// own (r, c) target offset, then L2 averages.  No shared memory.
+// Same WG geometry as the other qpel shaders.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src  { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+int hpel_h(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_v(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_hv_row(uint src_off, uint stride, uint rr, uint c) {
+    // Single row's int16 horizontal lowpass (NOT clipped — used as
+    // intermediate for the vertical pass of hpel_hv).
+    uint row_base = src_off + rr * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    return s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3;
+}
+
+int hpel_hv(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    int t0 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 2u, c);
+    int t1 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 1u, c);
+    int t2 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r,       c);
+    int t3 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 1u, c);
+    int t4 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 2u, c);
+    int t5 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 3u, c);
+    int v = t0 - 5*t1 + 20*t2 + 20*t3 - 5*t4 + t5 + 512;
+    return clamp(v >> 10, 0, 255);
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    int a = hpel_hv(src_off, stride, r, c);
+    int b = hpel_h(src_off, stride, r, c);
+    int avg = (a + b + 1) >> 1;
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off + r * stride + c] = uint8_t(avg);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc22.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel mc22 (8x8, 2D half-pel "j" position).
+// V3D 7.1.
+//
+// Cascaded H+V 6-tap per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 / FFmpeg ff_put_h264_qpel8_mc22_neon:
+//
+//   tmp[r,c] = src[r,c-2] - 5*src[r,c-1] + 20*src[r,c] + 20*src[r,c+1]
+//              - 5*src[r,c+2] + src[r,c+3]                    (int16)
+//
+//   dst[r,c] = clip255((tmp[r-2,c] - 5*tmp[r-1,c] + 20*tmp[r,c]
+//                       + 20*tmp[r+1,c] - 5*tmp[r+2,c] + tmp[r+3,c]
+//                       + 512) >> 10)
+//
+// The +512 >> 10 final scale compensates for both 6-tap scalings.
+// CANNOT just cascade mc20→mc02 because intermediate must be int16
+// (no per-stage clip), so this is a dedicated kernel.
+//
+// Per-lane structure: each lane computes its own (r, c) output by
+// running the FULL cascade — 6 horizontal lowpass int16 values for
+// rows r-2..r+3, then a vertical lowpass on those.  ~50 ALU ops per
+// lane.  No shared memory / barriers needed; V3D L2 absorbs the
+// redundant src reads across lanes.
+//
+// WG layout: 64 lanes / 1 block-per-WG / 1 lane-per-output-pixel
+// (same as mc20 / mc02).
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC {
+    uint n_blocks;
+    uint stride_u8;
+    uint _pad0, _pad1;
+} pc;
+
+// Horizontal 6-tap filter at (row_off, c) — reads src at cols c-2..c+3
+// of the row identified by row_off, returns int16 intermediate (NOT
+// scaled — the v-pass does the +512 >> 10 for both stages).
+int hpel_h(uint row_off, uint c)
+{
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_off + c - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_off + c - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_off + c       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_off + c + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_off + c + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_off + c + 3u]);
+    return s_m2 - 5 * s_m1 + 20 * s_0 + 20 * s_p1 - 5 * s_p2 + s_p3;
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3;
+    uint c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    // Compute 6 horizontal lowpass values at rows r-2..r+3 (relative
+    // to the output row r) of column c.  src_off+r*stride+c is the
+    // output pixel position; we sample rows r-2..r+3.
+    // Unsigned-safe because src_off >= 2*stride per the caller contract.
+    int t0 = hpel_h(src_off + (r - 2u) * stride, c);
+    int t1 = hpel_h(src_off + (r - 1u) * stride, c);
+    int t2 = hpel_h(src_off +  r       * stride, c);
+    int t3 = hpel_h(src_off + (r + 1u) * stride, c);
+    int t4 = hpel_h(src_off + (r + 2u) * stride, c);
+    int t5 = hpel_h(src_off + (r + 3u) * stride, c);
+
+    int v = t0 - 5 * t1 + 20 * t2 + 20 * t3 - 5 * t4 + t5 + 512;
+    int p = clamp(v >> 10, 0, 255);
+
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off + r * stride + c] = uint8_t(p);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc23.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel mc23 (8x8, diagonal quarter-pel),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 (table 8-4) — composes two half-pel
+// anchors via L2 rounded-average:
+//
+//   mc23[r,c] = avg(mc22(r, c),
+//                     mc20(r+1, c))
+//
+// Per-lane structure: each lane computes BOTH anchor outputs at its
+// own (r, c) target offset, then L2 averages.  No shared memory.
+// Same WG geometry as the other qpel shaders.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src  { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+int hpel_h(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_v(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_hv_row(uint src_off, uint stride, uint rr, uint c) {
+    // Single row's int16 horizontal lowpass (NOT clipped — used as
+    // intermediate for the vertical pass of hpel_hv).
+    uint row_base = src_off + rr * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    return s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3;
+}
+
+int hpel_hv(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    int t0 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 2u, c);
+    int t1 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 1u, c);
+    int t2 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r,       c);
+    int t3 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 1u, c);
+    int t4 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 2u, c);
+    int t5 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 3u, c);
+    int v = t0 - 5*t1 + 20*t2 + 20*t3 - 5*t4 + t5 + 512;
+    return clamp(v >> 10, 0, 255);
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    int a = hpel_hv(src_off, stride, r, c);
+    int b = hpel_h(src_off, stride, r+1u, c);
+    int avg = (a + b + 1) >> 1;
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off + r * stride + c] = uint8_t(avg);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc30.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel mc30 (8x8, ¾-pel horizontal),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 "c" position:
+//
+//   dst[r,c] = ((clip255(mc20(s)[r,c]) + s[r,c+1] + 1) >> 1)
+//
+// Same as mc10 but L2-averages with src[r, c+1] instead of src[r, c].
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5 * s_m1 + 20 * s_0 + 20 * s_p1 - 5 * s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    int hp = clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+
+    int avg = (hp + s_p1 + 1) >> 1;   // L2 with src[r, c+1]
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off + r * stride + c] = uint8_t(avg);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc31.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel mc31 (8x8, diagonal quarter-pel),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 (table 8-4) — composes two half-pel
+// anchors via L2 rounded-average:
+//
+//   mc31[r,c] = avg(mc20(r, c),
+//                     mc02(r, c+1))
+//
+// Per-lane structure: each lane computes BOTH anchor outputs at its
+// own (r, c) target offset, then L2 averages.  No shared memory.
+// Same WG geometry as the other qpel shaders.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src  { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+int hpel_h(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_v(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_hv_row(uint src_off, uint stride, uint rr, uint c) {
+    // Single row's int16 horizontal lowpass (NOT clipped — used as
+    // intermediate for the vertical pass of hpel_hv).
+    uint row_base = src_off + rr * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    return s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3;
+}
+
+int hpel_hv(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    int t0 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 2u, c);
+    int t1 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 1u, c);
+    int t2 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r,       c);
+    int t3 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 1u, c);
+    int t4 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 2u, c);
+    int t5 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 3u, c);
+    int v = t0 - 5*t1 + 20*t2 + 20*t3 - 5*t4 + t5 + 512;
+    return clamp(v >> 10, 0, 255);
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    int a = hpel_h(src_off, stride, r, c);
+    int b = hpel_v(src_off, stride, r, c+1u);
+    int avg = (a + b + 1) >> 1;
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off + r * stride + c] = uint8_t(avg);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc32.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel mc32 (8x8, diagonal quarter-pel),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 (table 8-4) — composes two half-pel
+// anchors via L2 rounded-average:
+//
+//   mc32[r,c] = avg(mc22(r, c),
+//                     mc02(r, c+1))
+//
+// Per-lane structure: each lane computes BOTH anchor outputs at its
+// own (r, c) target offset, then L2 averages.  No shared memory.
+// Same WG geometry as the other qpel shaders.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src  { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+int hpel_h(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_v(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_hv_row(uint src_off, uint stride, uint rr, uint c) {
+    // Single row's int16 horizontal lowpass (NOT clipped — used as
+    // intermediate for the vertical pass of hpel_hv).
+    uint row_base = src_off + rr * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    return s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3;
+}
+
+int hpel_hv(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    int t0 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 2u, c);
+    int t1 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 1u, c);
+    int t2 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r,       c);
+    int t3 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 1u, c);
+    int t4 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 2u, c);
+    int t5 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 3u, c);
+    int v = t0 - 5*t1 + 20*t2 + 20*t3 - 5*t4 + t5 + 512;
+    return clamp(v >> 10, 0, 255);
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    int a = hpel_hv(src_off, stride, r, c);
+    int b = hpel_v(src_off, stride, r, c+1u);
+    int avg = (a + b + 1) >> 1;
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off + r * stride + c] = uint8_t(avg);
+}

src/v3d_h264_qpel_mc33.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma qpel mc33 (8x8, diagonal quarter-pel),
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 (table 8-4) — composes two half-pel
+// anchors via L2 rounded-average:
+//
+//   mc33[r,c] = avg(mc20(r+1, c),
+//                     mc02(r, c+1))
+//
+// Per-lane structure: each lane computes BOTH anchor outputs at its
+// own (r, c) target offset, then L2 averages.  No shared memory.
+// Same WG geometry as the other qpel shaders.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage             : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 64, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Src  { uint8_t src[]; } u_src;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(binding = 2) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC { uint n_blocks, stride_u8, _p0, _p1; } pc;
+
+int hpel_h(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint row_base = src_off + r * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_v(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    uint col_base = src_off + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r - 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[col_base +  r       * stride]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 1u) * stride]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 2u) * stride]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[col_base + (r + 3u) * stride]);
+    int v = s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+    return clamp(v >> 5, 0, 255);
+}
+
+int hpel_hv_row(uint src_off, uint stride, uint rr, uint c) {
+    // Single row's int16 horizontal lowpass (NOT clipped — used as
+    // intermediate for the vertical pass of hpel_hv).
+    uint row_base = src_off + rr * stride + c;
+    int s_m2 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 2u]);
+    int s_m1 = int(u_src.src[row_base - 1u]);
+    int s_0  = int(u_src.src[row_base       ]);
+    int s_p1 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 1u]);
+    int s_p2 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 2u]);
+    int s_p3 = int(u_src.src[row_base + 3u]);
+    return s_m2 - 5*s_m1 + 20*s_0 + 20*s_p1 - 5*s_p2 + s_p3;
+}
+
+int hpel_hv(uint src_off, uint stride, uint r, uint c) {
+    int t0 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 2u, c);
+    int t1 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r - 1u, c);
+    int t2 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r,       c);
+    int t3 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 1u, c);
+    int t4 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 2u, c);
+    int t5 = hpel_hv_row(src_off, stride, r + 3u, c);
+    int v = t0 - 5*t1 + 20*t2 + 20*t3 - 5*t4 + t5 + 512;
+    return clamp(v >> 10, 0, 255);
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint block_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    if (block_idx >= pc.n_blocks) return;
+
+    uint lane = gl_LocalInvocationID.x;
+    uint r = lane >> 3, c = lane & 7u;
+
+    uint dst_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].x;
+    uint src_off = u_meta.meta[block_idx].y;
+    uint stride  = pc.stride_u8;
+
+    int a = hpel_h(src_off, stride, r+1u, c);
+    int b = hpel_v(src_off, stride, r, c+1u);
+    int avg = (a + b + 1) >> 1;
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off + r * stride + c] = uint8_t(avg);
+}

src/v3d_h264deblock_chroma_h.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 chroma 4:2:0 H loop filter (horizontal
+// filter across a vertical edge), non-intra bS<4 variant.
+//
+// Sibling of v3d_h264deblock_chroma_v.comp; same kernel transposed
+// to read pix[-2..+1] (cols) instead of pix[-2*stride..+1*stride]
+// (rows).  Same 8-cell × 4-segment geometry, same WG layout (lanes
+// 8..15 of each edge early-return — only 8 active per edge).
+//
+// 4:2:0-only: 4:2:2 chroma_h has a 16-row edge that this shader
+// doesn't address.  daedalus_dispatch_h264_deblock_chroma_h is
+// 4:2:0-only by design; caller (libavcodec init) gates accordingly.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage              : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC {
+    uint n_edges;
+    uint dst_stride_u8;
+    uint _pad0;
+    uint _pad1;
+} pc;
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint lane_in_wg  = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x & 255u;
+    uint edge_in_wg  = lane_in_wg >> 4;        // 0..15
+    uint row_in_edge = lane_in_wg & 15u;       // 0..15 — only 0..7 active
+
+    uint edge_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 16u + edge_in_wg;
+    if (edge_idx >= pc.n_edges) return;
+    if (row_in_edge >= 8u) return;
+
+    uvec4 m = u_meta.meta[edge_idx];
+    uint stride  = pc.dst_stride_u8;
+    uint dst_off = m.x + row_in_edge * stride;
+    int alpha = int(m.y & 0xffu);
+    int beta  = int((m.y >> 8) & 0xffu);
+
+    uint seg = row_in_edge >> 1;
+    uint tc0_byte = (m.z >> (seg * 8u)) & 0xffu;
+    int tc0_s = int(tc0_byte);
+    if (tc0_s >= 128) tc0_s -= 256;
+
+    if (alpha == 0 || beta == 0) return;
+    if (tc0_s < 0) return;
+
+    int p1 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off - 2u]);
+    int p0 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off - 1u]);
+    int q0 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off       ]);
+    int q1 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off + 1u]);
+
+    if (abs(p0 - q0) >= alpha) return;
+    if (abs(p1 - p0) >= beta)  return;
+    if (abs(q1 - q0) >= beta)  return;
+
+    int tc = tc0_s + 1;
+    int delta = clamp(((q0 - p0) * 4 + (p1 - q1) + 4) >> 3, -tc, tc);
+
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off - 1u] = uint8_t(clamp(p0 + delta, 0, 255));
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off       ] = uint8_t(clamp(q0 - delta, 0, 255));
+}

src/v3d_h264deblock_chroma_h_intra.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 chroma 4:2:0 intra (bS=4) H deblock —
+// V3D 7.1.  Transpose of v3d_h264deblock_chroma_v_intra.comp.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage              : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC {
+    uint n_edges, dst_stride_u8, _p0, _p1;
+} pc;
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint lane_in_wg  = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x & 255u;
+    uint edge_in_wg  = lane_in_wg >> 4;
+    uint row_in_edge = lane_in_wg & 15u;
+    uint edge_idx    = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 16u + edge_in_wg;
+    if (edge_idx >= pc.n_edges) return;
+    if (row_in_edge >= 8u) return;
+
+    uvec4 m = u_meta.meta[edge_idx];
+    uint stride  = pc.dst_stride_u8;
+    uint dst_off = m.x + row_in_edge * stride;
+    int alpha = int(m.y & 0xffu);
+    int beta  = int((m.y >> 8) & 0xffu);
+    if ((alpha | beta) == 0) return;
+
+    int p1 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off - 2u]);
+    int p0 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off - 1u]);
+    int q0 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off       ]);
+    int q1 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off + 1u]);
+
+    if (abs(p0 - q0) >= alpha) return;
+    if (abs(p1 - p0) >= beta)  return;
+    if (abs(q1 - q0) >= beta)  return;
+
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off - 1u] = uint8_t(clamp((2*p1 + p0 + q1 + 2) >> 2, 0, 255));
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off       ] = uint8_t(clamp((2*q1 + q0 + p1 + 2) >> 2, 0, 255));
+}

src/v3d_h264deblock_chroma_v.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 chroma 4:2:0 V loop filter (vertical
+// filter across a horizontal edge), non-intra bS<4 variant.
+//
+// Per H.264 §8.7.2.4: chroma kernel is simpler than luma's bS<4 —
+// only p0 / q0 are updated (chroma never modifies p1, p2, q1, q2),
+// tC = tc0_seg + 1 (no luma-style ap/aq side bonus), and the edge
+// spans 8 cells (4 segments × 2 cells/seg).
+//
+// V3D 7.1 via Mesa v3dv compute.  WG geometry kept identical to the
+// luma shader (16 edges × 16 lanes/WG) for uniform dispatch math
+// across the deblock family; lanes 8..15 of each edge early-return.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage              : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Meta {
+    uvec4 meta[];   // per edge: (dst_off, alpha|beta<<8, packed_tc0, _pad)
+} u_meta;
+
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst {
+    uint8_t dst[];
+} u_dst;
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC {
+    uint n_edges;
+    uint dst_stride_u8;
+    uint _pad0;
+    uint _pad1;
+} pc;
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint lane_in_wg  = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x & 255u;
+    uint edge_in_wg  = lane_in_wg >> 4;        // 0..15
+    uint col_in_edge = lane_in_wg & 15u;       // 0..15 — only 0..7 active
+
+    uint edge_idx = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 16u + edge_in_wg;
+    if (edge_idx >= pc.n_edges) return;
+    if (col_in_edge >= 8u) return;             // 8 cells per chroma edge
+
+    uvec4 m = u_meta.meta[edge_idx];
+    uint dst_off = m.x + col_in_edge;
+    uint stride  = pc.dst_stride_u8;
+    int alpha = int(m.y & 0xffu);
+    int beta  = int((m.y >> 8) & 0xffu);
+
+    // 8 cells / 4 segments = 2 cells per segment.
+    uint seg = col_in_edge >> 1;
+    uint tc0_byte = (m.z >> (seg * 8u)) & 0xffu;
+    int tc0_s = int(tc0_byte);
+    if (tc0_s >= 128) tc0_s -= 256;
+
+    if (alpha == 0 || beta == 0) return;
+    if (tc0_s < 0) return;
+
+    int p1 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off - 2u * stride]);
+    int p0 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off - 1u * stride]);
+    int q0 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off]);
+    int q1 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off + 1u * stride]);
+
+    if (abs(p0 - q0) >= alpha) return;
+    if (abs(p1 - p0) >= beta)  return;
+    if (abs(q1 - q0) >= beta)  return;
+
+    int tc = tc0_s + 1;
+    int delta = clamp(((q0 - p0) * 4 + (p1 - q1) + 4) >> 3, -tc, tc);
+
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off - 1u * stride] = uint8_t(clamp(p0 + delta, 0, 255));
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off            ]   = uint8_t(clamp(q0 - delta, 0, 255));
+    // p1, q1 untouched — chroma kernel only updates p0/q0.
+}

src/v3d_h264deblock_chroma_v_intra.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 chroma 4:2:0 intra (bS=4) V deblock —
+// V3D 7.1.  Per H.264 §8.3.2.3 chroma intra path: simpler than luma
+// — always weak filter, only p0/q0 updated, 8 cells per edge.
+//
+// p0' = (2*p1 + p0 + q1 + 2) >> 2
+// q0' = (2*q1 + q0 + p1 + 2) >> 2
+//
+// Same 16-edges × 16-lanes/edge WG shape as luma; lanes 8..15 of each
+// edge early-return (chroma edges are only 8 cells wide).
+//
+// 4:2:0-only — caller-side gating handles 4:2:2 (chroma_format_idc>1)
+// at the libavcodec init layer.
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage              : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC {
+    uint n_edges, dst_stride_u8, _p0, _p1;
+} pc;
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint lane_in_wg  = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x & 255u;
+    uint edge_in_wg  = lane_in_wg >> 4;
+    uint col_in_edge = lane_in_wg & 15u;
+    uint edge_idx    = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 16u + edge_in_wg;
+    if (edge_idx >= pc.n_edges) return;
+    if (col_in_edge >= 8u) return;
+
+    uvec4 m = u_meta.meta[edge_idx];
+    uint dst_off = m.x + col_in_edge;
+    uint stride  = pc.dst_stride_u8;
+    int alpha = int(m.y & 0xffu);
+    int beta  = int((m.y >> 8) & 0xffu);
+    if ((alpha | beta) == 0) return;
+
+    int p1 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off - 2u * stride]);
+    int p0 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off - 1u * stride]);
+    int q0 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off]);
+    int q1 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off + 1u * stride]);
+
+    if (abs(p0 - q0) >= alpha) return;
+    if (abs(p1 - p0) >= beta)  return;
+    if (abs(q1 - q0) >= beta)  return;
+
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off - 1u * stride] = uint8_t(clamp((2*p1 + p0 + q1 + 2) >> 2, 0, 255));
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off            ]   = uint8_t(clamp((2*q1 + q0 + p1 + 2) >> 2, 0, 255));
+}

src/v3d_h264deblock_h.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma "h_loop_filter" (horizontal filtering
+// across a vertical edge), non-intra bS<4 variant.  Sibling of cycle 8's
+// v3d_h264deblock.comp; same algorithm with row/col access transposed.
+//
+// V3D 7.1 via Mesa v3dv compute.  Same WG geometry as the V shader:
+//   - 256 invocations / WG, 16 edges/WG (16 lanes/edge = 1 sg/edge)
+//   - uint8_t dst SSBO via storageBuffer8BitAccess
+//   - No barrier (each lane independent)
+//   - lane_in_edge = ROW index (0..15) along the vertical edge
+//   - meta.dst_off points to (row 0, col 0) of the RIGHT block;
+//     the kernel reads cols [-4..+3] of each row and writes [-2..+1].
+//
+// Filter contract (per H.264 §8.7.2.4):
+//   1. (m.x % pc.dst_stride_u8) ≥ 4   (kernel reads p3 at pix[-4])
+//   2. pc.dst_stride_u8 = byte stride between rows
+//   3. tc0_s pre-stored as signed int8 in m.z packed 4 bytes (one per
+//      4-row segment along the 16-row edge)
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.  Algorithm transcribed from
+// tests/h264_h_loop_filter_luma_ref.c which mirrors FFmpeg
+// ff_h264_h_loop_filter_luma_neon (LGPL-2.1+).
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage              : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Meta {
+    uvec4 meta[];   // per edge: (dst_off, alpha|beta<<8, packed_tc0, _pad)
+} u_meta;
+
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst {
+    uint8_t dst[];
+} u_dst;
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC {
+    uint n_edges;
+    uint dst_stride_u8;
+    uint _pad0;
+    uint _pad1;
+} pc;
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint gid          = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
+    uint wg_id        = gl_WorkGroupID.x;
+    uint lane_in_wg   = gid & 255u;
+    uint edge_in_wg   = lane_in_wg >> 4;       // 0..15 (16 edges/WG)
+    uint row_in_edge  = lane_in_wg & 15u;      // 0..15 — ROW along the V edge
+
+    uint edge_idx = wg_id * 16u + edge_in_wg;
+    if (edge_idx >= pc.n_edges) return;
+
+    uvec4 m = u_meta.meta[edge_idx];
+    uint stride = pc.dst_stride_u8;
+    // dst_off addresses row 0 col 0 of the right block; advance by row * stride
+    // to land at this lane's row.  The kernel reads pix[-4..+3] AT THIS ROW.
+    uint dst_off = m.x + row_in_edge * stride;
+    int alpha = int(m.y & 0xffu);
+    int beta  = int((m.y >> 8) & 0xffu);
+
+    // tc0 segment = 0..3 indexed by (row_in_edge / 4).
+    uint seg = row_in_edge >> 2;
+    uint tc0_byte = (m.z >> (seg * 8u)) & 0xffu;
+    int tc0_s = int(tc0_byte);
+    if (tc0_s >= 128) tc0_s -= 256;
+
+    if (alpha == 0 || beta == 0) return;
+    if (tc0_s < 0) return;                     // segment skip
+
+    // Horizontal access pattern — read cols at offsets [-3..+2] of this row.
+    // p3 (col -4) unused in bS<4; same DCE comment as the V shader.
+    int p2 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off - 3u]);
+    int p1 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off - 2u]);
+    int p0 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off - 1u]);
+    int q0 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off       ]);
+    int q1 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off + 1u]);
+    int q2 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off + 2u]);
+
+    // Edge preconditions (same as V).
+    if (abs(p0 - q0) >= alpha) return;
+    if (abs(p1 - p0) >= beta)  return;
+    if (abs(q1 - q0) >= beta)  return;
+
+    int ap = abs(p2 - p0);
+    int aq = abs(q2 - q0);
+    bool ap_lt = ap < beta;
+    bool aq_lt = aq < beta;
+    int tc = tc0_s + int(ap_lt) + int(aq_lt);
+
+    int delta = clamp(((q0 - p0) * 4 + (p1 - q1) + 4) >> 3, -tc, tc);
+    int p0p = clamp(p0 + delta, 0, 255);
+    int q0p = clamp(q0 - delta, 0, 255);
+
+    int p1p = p1;
+    if (ap_lt) {
+        int d_p1 = clamp((p2 + ((p0 + q0 + 1) >> 1) - 2*p1) >> 1, -tc0_s, tc0_s);
+        p1p = clamp(p1 + d_p1, 0, 255);
+    }
+    int q1p = q1;
+    if (aq_lt) {
+        int d_q1 = clamp((q2 + ((p0 + q0 + 1) >> 1) - 2*q1) >> 1, -tc0_s, tc0_s);
+        q1p = clamp(q1 + d_q1, 0, 255);
+    }
+
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off - 2u] = uint8_t(p1p);
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off - 1u] = uint8_t(p0p);
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off       ] = uint8_t(q0p);
+    u_dst.dst[dst_off + 1u] = uint8_t(q1p);
+}

src/v3d_h264deblock_luma_h_intra.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma intra (bS=4) H deblock — V3D 7.1.
+//
+// Sibling of v3d_h264deblock_luma_v_intra.comp transposed to the
+// horizontal axis: lane → row, reads pix[-4..+3] (cols) instead of
+// pix[-4*stride..+3*stride] (rows).  Same strong/weak filter
+// selector + same write-back algebra.
+//
+// dst_off contract: (m.x % stride) ≥ 4 (kernel reads p3 at pix[-4]).
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage              : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC {
+    uint n_edges, dst_stride_u8, _p0, _p1;
+} pc;
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint lane_in_wg  = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x & 255u;
+    uint edge_in_wg  = lane_in_wg >> 4;
+    uint row_in_edge = lane_in_wg & 15u;
+    uint edge_idx    = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 16u + edge_in_wg;
+    if (edge_idx >= pc.n_edges) return;
+
+    uvec4 m = u_meta.meta[edge_idx];
+    uint stride = pc.dst_stride_u8;
+    uint dst_off = m.x + row_in_edge * stride;
+    int alpha = int(m.y & 0xffu);
+    int beta  = int((m.y >> 8) & 0xffu);
+    if ((alpha | beta) == 0) return;
+
+    int p3 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off - 4u]);
+    int p2 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off - 3u]);
+    int p1 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off - 2u]);
+    int p0 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off - 1u]);
+    int q0 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off       ]);
+    int q1 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off + 1u]);
+    int q2 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off + 2u]);
+    int q3 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off + 3u]);
+
+    if (abs(p0 - q0) >= alpha) return;
+    if (abs(p1 - p0) >= beta)  return;
+    if (abs(q1 - q0) >= beta)  return;
+
+    bool strong_common = abs(p0 - q0) < (alpha >> 2) + 2;
+    bool strong_p = strong_common && abs(p2 - p0) < beta;
+    bool strong_q = strong_common && abs(q2 - q0) < beta;
+
+    if (strong_p) {
+        u_dst.dst[dst_off - 1u] = uint8_t(clamp((p2 + 2*p1 + 2*p0 + 2*q0 + q1 + 4) >> 3, 0, 255));
+        u_dst.dst[dst_off - 2u] = uint8_t(clamp((p2 + p1 + p0 + q0 + 2) >> 2, 0, 255));
+        u_dst.dst[dst_off - 3u] = uint8_t(clamp((2*p3 + 3*p2 + p1 + p0 + q0 + 4) >> 3, 0, 255));
+    } else {
+        u_dst.dst[dst_off - 1u] = uint8_t(clamp((2*p1 + p0 + q1 + 2) >> 2, 0, 255));
+    }
+
+    if (strong_q) {
+        u_dst.dst[dst_off       ] = uint8_t(clamp((q2 + 2*q1 + 2*q0 + 2*p0 + p1 + 4) >> 3, 0, 255));
+        u_dst.dst[dst_off + 1u] = uint8_t(clamp((q2 + q1 + q0 + p0 + 2) >> 2, 0, 255));
+        u_dst.dst[dst_off + 2u] = uint8_t(clamp((2*q3 + 3*q2 + q1 + q0 + p0 + 4) >> 3, 0, 255));
+    } else {
+        u_dst.dst[dst_off       ] = uint8_t(clamp((2*q1 + q0 + p1 + 2) >> 2, 0, 255));
+    }
+}

src/v3d_h264deblock_luma_v_intra.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// daedalus-fourier — H.264 luma intra (bS=4) V deblock — V3D 7.1.
+//
+// Per H.264 §8.3.2.3: at I-MB edges and certain inter-MB edges that
+// force boundary strength to 4, the deblock kernel is structurally
+// different from bS<4 — it has a per-side strong/weak filter
+// selector that decides whether to update 3 cells (strong) or 1
+// (weak), reads p3/q3, and ignores tc0.
+//
+// strong_common = |p0-q0| < (α>>2) + 2
+// strong_p      = strong_common AND |p2-p0| < β
+// strong_q      = strong_common AND |q2-q0| < β
+//
+// Strong-p updates p0/p1/p2 with specific 5-/4-/3-tap blends.
+// Weak-p updates p0 only with (2*p1 + p0 + q1 + 2) >> 2.
+// Mirror for q-side.
+//
+// WG geometry identical to v3d_h264deblock.comp (16 edges × 16 lanes/WG).
+// dst_off contract: m.x ≥ 4*stride (kernel reads p3 at -4*stride).
+//
+// License: BSD-2-Clause.  Algorithm transcribed from
+// tests/h264_intra_loop_filter_ref.c (PR #11).
+
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_8bit_storage              : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer Meta { uvec4 meta[]; } u_meta;
+layout(binding = 1) buffer Dst { uint8_t dst[]; } u_dst;
+layout(push_constant) uniform PC {
+    uint n_edges, dst_stride_u8, _p0, _p1;
+} pc;
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint lane_in_wg  = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x & 255u;
+    uint edge_in_wg  = lane_in_wg >> 4;
+    uint col_in_edge = lane_in_wg & 15u;
+    uint edge_idx    = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 16u + edge_in_wg;
+    if (edge_idx >= pc.n_edges) return;
+
+    uvec4 m = u_meta.meta[edge_idx];
+    uint dst_off = m.x + col_in_edge;
+    uint stride  = pc.dst_stride_u8;
+    int alpha = int(m.y & 0xffu);
+    int beta  = int((m.y >> 8) & 0xffu);
+    if ((alpha | beta) == 0) return;
+
+    int p3 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off - 4u * stride]);
+    int p2 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off - 3u * stride]);
+    int p1 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off - 2u * stride]);
+    int p0 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off - 1u * stride]);
+    int q0 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off]);
+    int q1 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off + 1u * stride]);
+    int q2 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off + 2u * stride]);
+    int q3 = int(u_dst.dst[dst_off + 3u * stride]);
+
+    if (abs(p0 - q0) >= alpha) return;
+    if (abs(p1 - p0) >= beta)  return;
+    if (abs(q1 - q0) >= beta)  return;
+
+    bool strong_common = abs(p0 - q0) < (alpha >> 2) + 2;
+    bool strong_p = strong_common && abs(p2 - p0) < beta;
+    bool strong_q = strong_common && abs(q2 - q0) < beta;
+
+    if (strong_p) {
+        u_dst.dst[dst_off - 1u * stride] = uint8_t(clamp((p2 + 2*p1 + 2*p0 + 2*q0 + q1 + 4) >> 3, 0, 255));
+        u_dst.dst[dst_off - 2u * stride] = uint8_t(clamp((p2 + p1 + p0 + q0 + 2) >> 2, 0, 255));
+        u_dst.dst[dst_off - 3u * stride] = uint8_t(clamp((2*p3 + 3*p2 + p1 + p0 + q0 + 4) >> 3, 0, 255));
+    } else {
+        u_dst.dst[dst_off - 1u * stride] = uint8_t(clamp((2*p1 + p0 + q1 + 2) >> 2, 0, 255));
+    }
+
+    if (strong_q) {
+        u_dst.dst[dst_off              ] = uint8_t(clamp((q2 + 2*q1 + 2*q0 + 2*p0 + p1 + 4) >> 3, 0, 255));
+        u_dst.dst[dst_off + 1u * stride] = uint8_t(clamp((q2 + q1 + q0 + p0 + 2) >> 2, 0, 255));
+        u_dst.dst[dst_off + 2u * stride] = uint8_t(clamp((2*q3 + 3*q2 + q1 + q0 + p0 + 4) >> 3, 0, 255));
+    } else {
+        u_dst.dst[dst_off              ] = uint8_t(clamp((2*q1 + q0 + p1 + 2) >> 2, 0, 255));
+    }
+}

src/v3d_runner.c

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <limits.h>
 
 #define CHK(call) do { VkResult r__ = (call); if (r__ != VK_SUCCESS) { \
     fprintf(stderr, "v3d_runner: vulkan error %d at %s:%d (%s)\n", \
@@ -17,6 +19,18 @@
     fprintf(stderr, "v3d_runner: vulkan error %d at %s:%d (%s)\n", \
             r__, __FILE__, __LINE__, #call); return NULL; } } while (0)
 
+/* Power-of-2 size classes from 2^8 (256 B) up to 2^23 (8 MiB).  Cycle
+ * 1's largest dispatch with n_blocks ≈ 8K is well under 8 MiB; oversize
+ * requests fall through to non-pooled allocation. */
+#define V3D_POOL_MIN_LOG2	8
+#define V3D_POOL_MAX_LOG2	23
+#define V3D_POOL_BUCKETS	(V3D_POOL_MAX_LOG2 - V3D_POOL_MIN_LOG2 + 1)
+
+struct v3d_pool_entry {
+    v3d_buffer             buf;
+    struct v3d_pool_entry *next;
+};
+
 struct v3d_runner {
     VkInstance       instance;
     VkPhysicalDevice phys;
@@ -26,6 +40,15 @@ struct v3d_runner {
     VkCommandPool    pool;
     char             device_name[VK_MAX_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_NAME_SIZE];
     VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties mem_props;
+
+    /* Buffer pool: per-bucket freelist of previously-released
+     * v3d_buffer.  bucket index = ceil_log2(size) - V3D_POOL_MIN_LOG2.
+     * pool_total_bytes accumulates every successful vkAllocateMemory
+     * we've done through the pool — never decreases (the freelist
+     * just hands buffers around, no vkFreeMemory until destroy).
+     */
+    struct v3d_pool_entry *pool_free[V3D_POOL_BUCKETS];
+    size_t                 pool_total_bytes;
 };
 
 static int pick_v3d_physical_device(VkInstance inst, VkPhysicalDevice *out,
@@ -168,6 +191,21 @@ void v3d_runner_destroy(v3d_runner *r)
 {
     if (!r) return;
     if (r->device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) vkDeviceWaitIdle(r->device);
+
+    /* Drain the buffer pool BEFORE destroying device — the pool
+     * entries own VkBuffer/VkDeviceMemory handles, which need a live
+     * device for vkDestroyBuffer/vkFreeMemory. */
+    for (int b = 0; b < V3D_POOL_BUCKETS; b++) {
+        struct v3d_pool_entry *e = r->pool_free[b];
+        while (e) {
+            struct v3d_pool_entry *next = e->next;
+            v3d_runner_destroy_buffer(r, &e->buf);
+            free(e);
+            e = next;
+        }
+        r->pool_free[b] = NULL;
+    }
+
     if (r->pool != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
         vkDestroyCommandPool(r->device, r->pool, NULL);
     if (r->device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) vkDestroyDevice(r->device, NULL);
@@ -175,6 +213,92 @@ void v3d_runner_destroy(v3d_runner *r)
     free(r);
 }
 
+/* ---- Buffer pool ----------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* ceil_log2 for buffer pool bucket selection. */
+static int v3d_pool_bucket_for(size_t size)
+{
+    int log2;
+    size_t m;
+
+    if (size <= ((size_t)1 << V3D_POOL_MIN_LOG2))
+        return 0;
+    m = size - 1;
+    log2 = 0;
+    while (m) { log2++; m >>= 1; }
+    if (log2 < V3D_POOL_MIN_LOG2) log2 = V3D_POOL_MIN_LOG2;
+    if (log2 > V3D_POOL_MAX_LOG2) return -1;
+    return log2 - V3D_POOL_MIN_LOG2;
+}
+
+int v3d_runner_acquire_buffer(v3d_runner *r, size_t size, v3d_buffer *out)
+{
+    int bucket;
+    size_t bucket_size;
+    struct v3d_pool_entry *e;
+    int rc;
+
+    if (!r || !out || size == 0) return -1;
+
+    bucket = v3d_pool_bucket_for(size);
+    if (bucket < 0) {
+        /* Oversize — fall through to non-pooled allocation.  Caller
+         * still calls v3d_runner_release_buffer(), which detects the
+         * oversize bucket via bucket_for() and destroys. */
+        return v3d_runner_create_buffer(r, size, out);
+    }
+    bucket_size = (size_t)1 << (bucket + V3D_POOL_MIN_LOG2);
+
+    e = r->pool_free[bucket];
+    if (e) {
+        r->pool_free[bucket] = e->next;
+        *out = e->buf;
+        free(e);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Miss — allocate fresh at the bucket size.  Subsequent acquire/
+     * release for the same bucket reuses this buffer. */
+    rc = v3d_runner_create_buffer(r, bucket_size, out);
+    if (rc == 0)
+        r->pool_total_bytes += bucket_size;
+    return rc;
+}
+
+void v3d_runner_release_buffer(v3d_runner *r, v3d_buffer *buf)
+{
+    int bucket;
+    struct v3d_pool_entry *e;
+
+    if (!r || !buf || buf->buffer == VK_NULL_HANDLE) return;
+
+    bucket = v3d_pool_bucket_for(buf->size);
+    if (bucket < 0) {
+        /* Oversize — destroy outright; never made it into the pool. */
+        v3d_runner_destroy_buffer(r, buf);
+        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(*buf));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    e = malloc(sizeof(*e));
+    if (!e) {
+        /* Allocator failure: just destroy.  Pool degenerates to
+         * non-pooled behaviour but doesn't leak. */
+        v3d_runner_destroy_buffer(r, buf);
+        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(*buf));
+        return;
+    }
+    e->buf = *buf;
+    e->next = r->pool_free[bucket];
+    r->pool_free[bucket] = e;
+    memset(buf, 0, sizeof(*buf));
+}
+
+size_t v3d_runner_pool_total_bytes(v3d_runner *r)
+{
+    return r ? r->pool_total_bytes : 0;
+}
+
 VkDevice      v3d_runner_device(v3d_runner *r)        { return r->device; }
 VkQueue       v3d_runner_queue(v3d_runner *r)         { return r->queue; }
 uint32_t      v3d_runner_queue_family(v3d_runner *r)  { return r->queue_family; }
@@ -246,10 +370,68 @@ void v3d_runner_destroy_buffer(v3d_runner *r, v3d_buffer *buf)
 
 /* ---- Pipelines -------------------------------------------------- */
 
+/* SPV lookup tries a small set of locations.  The caller passes a bare
+ * filename (e.g. "v3d_h264_idct4.spv"); we try, in order:
+ *
+ *   1. cwd-relative           (legacy contract; works when run from build/)
+ *   2. $DAEDALUS_SHADER_DIR   (env override for tests / packaged installs)
+ *   3. <binary-dir>/<name>    (so the bench/test binary finds the SPV next
+ *                              to itself regardless of cwd — this is the
+ *                              fix for the silent-no-SPV regression that
+ *                              made PR #36's bench numbers meaningless)
+ *   4. /opt/fourier/share/daedalus-fourier/<name>  (Pi 5 install layout)
+ *   5. /usr/share/daedalus-fourier/<name>          (system-wide install)
+ *
+ * Returns NULL only if every location fails, with a single perror naming
+ * the bare filename so the user can grep for it. */
+static FILE *open_spv(const char *name)
+{
+    FILE *f = fopen(name, "rb");
+    if (f) return f;
+
+    const char *envdir = getenv("DAEDALUS_SHADER_DIR");
+    if (envdir && *envdir) {
+        char p[PATH_MAX];
+        snprintf(p, sizeof(p), "%s/%s", envdir, name);
+        f = fopen(p, "rb");
+        if (f) return f;
+    }
+
+    char exe[PATH_MAX];
+    ssize_t n = readlink("/proc/self/exe", exe, sizeof(exe) - 1);
+    if (n > 0) {
+        exe[n] = 0;
+        char *slash = strrchr(exe, '/');
+        if (slash) {
+            *slash = 0;
+            char p[PATH_MAX];
+            snprintf(p, sizeof(p), "%s/%s", exe, name);
+            f = fopen(p, "rb");
+            if (f) return f;
+        }
+    }
+
+    char p[PATH_MAX];
+    snprintf(p, sizeof(p), "/opt/fourier/share/daedalus-fourier/%s", name);
+    f = fopen(p, "rb");
+    if (f) return f;
+
+    snprintf(p, sizeof(p), "/usr/share/daedalus-fourier/%s", name);
+    f = fopen(p, "rb");
+    if (f) return f;
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
 static uint32_t *read_spv(const char *path, size_t *out_size)
 {
-    FILE *f = fopen(path, "rb");
+    FILE *f = open_spv(path);
-    if (!f) { perror(path); return NULL; }
+    if (!f) {
+        fprintf(stderr,
+                "daedalus: SPV not found via cwd / $DAEDALUS_SHADER_DIR / "
+                "binary-dir / /opt/fourier/share / /usr/share: %s\n", path);
+        return NULL;
+    }
     fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
     long sz = ftell(f);
     fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);
@@ -364,12 +546,27 @@ int v3d_runner_create_pipeline(v3d_runner *r, const char *spv_path,
         .pSetLayouts = &out->ds_layout,
     };
     CHK(vkAllocateDescriptorSets(r->device, &dsai, &out->desc_set));
+
+    /* Persistent command buffer — pool was created with
+     * RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT (see v3d_runner_create) so dispatch
+     * sites can call vkResetCommandBuffer on this same cb instead
+     * of paying vkAllocateCommandBuffers per call. */
+    VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo cbai = {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+        .commandPool = r->pool,
+        .level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
+        .commandBufferCount = 1,
+    };
+    CHK(vkAllocateCommandBuffers(r->device, &cbai, &out->cb));
+
     return 0;
 }
 
 void v3d_runner_destroy_pipeline(v3d_runner *r, v3d_pipeline *p)
 {
     if (!p || p->pipeline == VK_NULL_HANDLE) return;
+    if (p->cb != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+        vkFreeCommandBuffers(r->device, r->pool, 1, &p->cb);
     vkDestroyPipeline(r->device, p->pipeline, NULL);
     vkDestroyPipelineLayout(r->device, p->layout, NULL);
     vkDestroyDescriptorPool(r->device, p->pool, NULL);  /* frees its set */
@@ -377,6 +574,13 @@ void v3d_runner_destroy_pipeline(v3d_runner *r, v3d_pipeline *p)
     memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
 }
 
+int v3d_runner_pipeline_cmdbuf_reset(v3d_runner *r, v3d_pipeline *p)
+{
+    (void) r;
+    if (!p || p->cb == VK_NULL_HANDLE) return -1;
+    return vkResetCommandBuffer(p->cb, 0) == VK_SUCCESS ? 0 : -1;
+}
+
 int v3d_runner_bind_buffers(v3d_runner *r, v3d_pipeline *p,
                             const v3d_buffer *bufs, uint32_t n)
 {

src/v3d_runner.h

@@ -34,6 +34,12 @@ typedef struct {
     VkDescriptorSet        desc_set;
     uint32_t               n_ssbos;
     uint32_t               push_const_size;
+    /* Persistent command buffer.  Allocated at create-pipeline time;
+     * dispatch sites use v3d_runner_pipeline_cmdbuf_reset() to
+     * vkResetCommandBuffer instead of paying vkAllocateCommandBuffers
+     * per dispatch.  Pool flagged RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT so reset
+     * is permitted. */
+    VkCommandBuffer        cb;
 } v3d_pipeline;
 
 /*
@@ -57,10 +63,43 @@ const char      *v3d_runner_device_name(v3d_runner *r);
  * host side. The mapping persists for the lifetime of the buffer.
  *
  * Returns 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
+ *
+ * NOTE: prefer v3d_runner_acquire_buffer() on the dispatch hot path —
+ * create_buffer/destroy_buffer go straight to vkAllocateMemory each
+ * call, which on V3D7's Mesa stack costs ~10-50us.  The acquire/
+ * release pair pulls from a freelist and pays vkAllocateMemory only
+ * on a cache miss.
  */
 int  v3d_runner_create_buffer(v3d_runner *r, size_t size, v3d_buffer *out);
 void v3d_runner_destroy_buffer(v3d_runner *r, v3d_buffer *buf);
 
+/*
+ * Pooled buffer acquisition.  Returns a v3d_buffer whose .size is the
+ * smallest power-of-2 >= the requested size (so callers can pool
+ * across similar-sized requests).  Backed by HOST_VISIBLE |
+ * HOST_COHERENT memory; mapped pointer is valid.
+ *
+ * On cache hit: zero-cost reuse of a previously-released buffer.
+ * On miss: falls through to v3d_runner_create_buffer().  Release with
+ * v3d_runner_release_buffer(); pool drains in v3d_runner_destroy().
+ *
+ * Lifetime contract: the returned buffer's .mapped contents are
+ * UNINITIALISED — the previous user's data may still be present.
+ * Callers that need a clean buffer must memset themselves.  This is
+ * deliberate; the dispatch hot paths immediately overwrite the
+ * buffer with new coefficients / meta anyway.
+ *
+ * Thread-safety: NOT thread-safe.  A daedalus_ctx is single-threaded
+ * by API contract; the pool inherits that constraint.
+ */
+int  v3d_runner_acquire_buffer(v3d_runner *r, size_t size, v3d_buffer *out);
+void v3d_runner_release_buffer(v3d_runner *r, v3d_buffer *buf);
+
+/* Pool diagnostics: total allocated bytes (sum across all size
+ * classes, including currently-released entries).  Useful for
+ * watermark logging. */
+size_t v3d_runner_pool_total_bytes(v3d_runner *r);
+
 /* Compute pipeline from a SPIR-V file path. The descriptor-set
  * layout exposes `n_ssbos` storage buffer bindings at binding
  * indices 0..n_ssbos-1, all visible to the compute stage. A push
@@ -88,6 +127,12 @@ int  v3d_runner_bind_buffers(v3d_runner   *r,
 /* Allocate a primary command buffer from the runner's pool. */
 VkCommandBuffer v3d_runner_alloc_cmdbuf(v3d_runner *r);
 
+/* Reset @p->cb so it can be re-recorded.  Returns 0 on success.
+ * Replaces v3d_runner_alloc_cmdbuf() on the dispatch hot path —
+ * vkResetCommandBuffer is O(1) vs vkAllocateCommandBuffers' ~1-5us
+ * driver cost. */
+int v3d_runner_pipeline_cmdbuf_reset(v3d_runner *r, v3d_pipeline *p);
+
 /* Submit `cb` to the queue and wait for completion. The classic
  * timed operation. Returns 0 on success.
  */

tests/bench_h264_primitives.c

@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause */
+/* CLOCK_MONOTONIC under -std=c11 -CMAKE_C_EXTENSIONS=OFF. */
+#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L
+/*
+ * bench_h264_primitives — latency baseline for the H.264 primitive
+ * library landed across PRs #9–#35.
+ *
+ * Each kernel is exercised at a representative per-frame N for 1080p
+ * (8160 MBs); the per-kernel total + ns/op + ms/frame are reported,
+ * once per substrate (CPU NEON, QPU V3D7 compute).  The QPU column
+ * appears only when the host has a usable Vulkan device.  When both
+ * columns exist a CPU/QPU ratio is printed; that's the per-kernel
+ * data the QPU-substrate decree (2026-05-23) deliberately overrides
+ * but which is still useful to track over time as dispatch overhead
+ * shrinks (buffer pool, persistent cmdbuf, dmabuf import — tasks 160-162).
+ *
+ * NOT a ctest — produces wall-time numbers, doesn't pass/fail.
+ *
+ * Invoke:   ./build/bench_h264_primitives [iters [warmup]]
+ *           (default iters = 50, warmup = 5)
+ */
+
+#include "daedalus.h"
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+static uint64_t xs64_state = 0xfeedface5a5a5a5aULL;
+static uint64_t xs64(void) {
+    uint64_t x = xs64_state;
+    x ^= x << 13; x ^= x >> 7; x ^= x << 17;
+    return xs64_state = x;
+}
+
+static double now_ms(void) {
+    struct timespec ts;
+    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
+    return ts.tv_sec * 1000.0 + ts.tv_nsec / 1.0e6;
+}
+
+/* Per-1080p-frame counts (8160 MBs at 1920x1088). */
+#define MBS_1080P  8160
+
+/* Standard benchmark loop.  fn() is called n times per iteration.
+ *
+ * fn() now returns the dispatch's int rc.  A single preflight call is
+ * made before the hot loop; if rc != 0 (which on the QPU substrate
+ * almost always means "SPV not found via any search path"), bench_ns
+ * returns -1 and the caller must NOT report the kernel as measured.
+ *
+ * Without this, a missing SPV makes every dispatch fail fast at the
+ * cost of one fprintf+open call (~1-5 µs), and the loop times that
+ * cost as if it were real QPU work — producing absurdly-small ns/op
+ * numbers that look like a QPU speedup.  This is exactly what made
+ * PR #36's bench numbers a measurement artifact. */
+typedef int (*bench_fn)(void);
+
+static double bench_ns(const char *name, int iters, int warmup,
+                        int ops_per_iter, bench_fn fn)
+{
+    int rc = fn();
+    if (rc != 0) {
+        printf("  %-32s    DISPATCH FAILED rc=%d — kernel skipped\n", name, rc);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < warmup; i++) fn();
+    double t0 = now_ms();
+    for (int i = 0; i < iters; i++) fn();
+    double t1 = now_ms();
+    double total_ms = (t1 - t0);
+    double ns_per_op = (total_ms * 1e6) / ((double) iters * ops_per_iter);
+    printf("  %-32s %10.2f ns/op  (%d iters x %d ops)\n",
+           name, ns_per_op, iters, ops_per_iter);
+    return ns_per_op;
+}
+
+/* ---- Per-kernel scaffolding.  Each section sets up the buffers +
+ * meta, then defines a static fn() that calls the corresponding
+ * dispatch with a representative N.  The substrate is read from the
+ * global g_sub so the same fn() can be re-driven with CPU then QPU. */
+
+static daedalus_ctx          *ctx;
+static daedalus_substrate     g_sub = DAEDALUS_SUBSTRATE_CPU;
+
+/* --- IDCT 4x4 luma: N = 16 blocks per MB.  Bench with 1024 blocks
+ *     per call (64 MBs worth).  Per-MB the dispatch overhead is the
+ *     same regardless of N — we want ns per block. */
+static int16_t              idct4_coeffs[1024 * 16];
+static daedalus_h264_block_meta idct4_meta[1024];
+static uint8_t              idct_dst[64 * 4 * 16 * 16];   /* 64 MB-rows × ... */
+
+static int bench_idct4(void) {
+    return daedalus_dispatch_h264_idct4(ctx, g_sub,
+                                  idct_dst, 64*16, idct4_coeffs, 1024, idct4_meta);
+}
+
+/* --- IDCT 8x8 luma: 256 8x8 blocks per call. */
+static int16_t              idct8_coeffs[256 * 64];
+static daedalus_h264_block_meta idct8_meta[256];
+
+static int bench_idct8(void) {
+    return daedalus_dispatch_h264_idct8(ctx, g_sub,
+                                  idct_dst, 64*16, idct8_coeffs, 256, idct8_meta);
+}
+
+/* --- Deblock luma_v (cycle 8 baseline; M3 path). */
+static daedalus_h264_deblock_meta deblock_meta[256];
+static uint8_t deblock_dst[256 * 16 * 16];
+
+static int bench_deblock_v(void) {
+    return daedalus_dispatch_h264_deblock_luma_v(ctx, g_sub,
+                                           deblock_dst, 16, 256, deblock_meta);
+}
+
+static int bench_deblock_h(void) {
+    return daedalus_dispatch_h264_deblock_luma_h(ctx, g_sub,
+                                           deblock_dst, 16, 256, deblock_meta);
+}
+
+/* --- qpel mc20 + mc02 + mc22 (the H/V/HV anchors). */
+static uint8_t qpel_src[256 * 16 * 16];
+static uint8_t qpel_dst[256 * 16 * 16];
+static daedalus_h264_qpel_meta qpel_meta[256];
+
+static int bench_qpel_mc20(void) {
+    return daedalus_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc20(ctx, g_sub,
+                                      qpel_dst, qpel_src, 16, 256, qpel_meta);
+}
+static int bench_qpel_mc02(void) {
+    return daedalus_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc02(ctx, g_sub,
+                                      qpel_dst, qpel_src, 16, 256, qpel_meta);
+}
+static int bench_qpel_mc22(void) {
+    return daedalus_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc22(ctx, g_sub,
+                                      qpel_dst, qpel_src, 16, 256, qpel_meta);
+}
+
+/* ---- One row of bench output:
+ *   - kernel name + N
+ *   - CPU ns/op
+ *   - QPU ns/op (or "n/a" if Vulkan absent)
+ *   - CPU/QPU ratio (>1 means QPU wins; <1 means CPU wins) */
+struct row {
+    const char *name;
+    int         n_per_call;
+    bench_fn    fn;
+    double      cpu_ns;
+    double      qpu_ns;   /* -1 if not measured */
+    int         frame_n;  /* count per 1080p frame */
+};
+
+static struct row rows[] = {
+    {"IDCT 4x4 luma",       1024, bench_idct4,     0, -1, MBS_1080P * 16},
+    {"IDCT 8x8 luma",        256, bench_idct8,     0, -1, MBS_1080P *  4},
+    {"Deblock luma_v",       256, bench_deblock_v, 0, -1, MBS_1080P *  4},
+    {"Deblock luma_h",       256, bench_deblock_h, 0, -1, MBS_1080P *  4},
+    {"qpel mc20 (8x8)",      256, bench_qpel_mc20, 0, -1, MBS_1080P *  4},
+    {"qpel mc02 (8x8)",      256, bench_qpel_mc02, 0, -1, MBS_1080P *  4},
+    {"qpel mc22 (8x8)",      256, bench_qpel_mc22, 0, -1, MBS_1080P *  4},
+};
+#define N_ROWS ((int)(sizeof(rows)/sizeof(rows[0])))
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    int iters  = argc > 1 ? atoi(argv[1]) : 50;
+    int warmup = argc > 2 ? atoi(argv[2]) : 5;
+
+    ctx = daedalus_ctx_create();
+    if (!ctx) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "ctx create failed (Vulkan?)\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    int has_qpu = daedalus_ctx_has_qpu(ctx);
+
+    /* Pre-fill all input buffers with random data so the NEON inner
+     * loops see realistic memory access patterns. */
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(idct4_coeffs)/2; i++)
+        idct4_coeffs[i] = (int16_t)((int)(xs64() % 1024) - 512);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(idct8_coeffs)/2; i++)
+        idct8_coeffs[i] = (int16_t)((int)(xs64() % 1024) - 512);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(qpel_src); i++) qpel_src[i] = (uint8_t)(xs64() & 0xff);
+
+    /* IDCT meta. */
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 1024; i++)
+        idct4_meta[i].dst_off = (uint32_t)((i / 16) * 64 + (i % 16) * 4);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+        idct8_meta[i].dst_off = (uint32_t)((i / 8) * 64 + (i % 8) * 8);
+
+    /* Deblock meta: edge offsets within 256 16x16 tiles. */
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+        deblock_meta[i].dst_off = (uint32_t)(i * 256 + 4 * 16);
+        deblock_meta[i].alpha = 30;
+        deblock_meta[i].beta  = 10;
+        for (int s = 0; s < 4; s++) deblock_meta[i].tc0[s] = (int8_t)(s + 1);
+    }
+
+    /* qpel meta. */
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+        qpel_meta[i].src_off = (uint32_t)(i * 256 + 3 * 16 + 3);
+        qpel_meta[i].dst_off = (uint32_t)(i * 256 + 3 * 16 + 3);
+    }
+
+    printf("bench_h264_primitives: %d iters (%d warmup)\n", iters, warmup);
+    printf("  ctx has_qpu=%d  (CPU pass always runs; QPU pass skipped without Vulkan)\n\n", has_qpu);
+
+    /* Pass 1: CPU NEON. */
+    g_sub = DAEDALUS_SUBSTRATE_CPU;
+    printf("== CPU NEON ==\n");
+    for (int i = 0; i < N_ROWS; i++)
+        rows[i].cpu_ns = bench_ns(rows[i].name, iters, warmup, rows[i].n_per_call, rows[i].fn);
+
+    /* Pass 2: QPU compute (if available). */
+    int qpu_failures = 0;
+    if (has_qpu) {
+        g_sub = DAEDALUS_SUBSTRATE_QPU;
+        printf("\n== QPU V3D7 compute ==\n");
+        for (int i = 0; i < N_ROWS; i++) {
+            rows[i].qpu_ns = bench_ns(rows[i].name, iters, warmup, rows[i].n_per_call, rows[i].fn);
+            if (rows[i].qpu_ns < 0) qpu_failures++;
+        }
+        if (qpu_failures) {
+            fprintf(stderr,
+                "\nbench_h264_primitives: %d of %d QPU dispatches failed.\n"
+                "  Almost always means SPV files were not found via any of:\n"
+                "    cwd  /  $DAEDALUS_SHADER_DIR  /  binary-dir  /\n"
+                "    /opt/fourier/share/daedalus-fourier  /  /usr/share/daedalus-fourier\n"
+                "  Set DAEDALUS_SHADER_DIR=<path> or run from a dir where the\n"
+                "  .spv files exist (e.g. the cmake build dir).\n",
+                qpu_failures, N_ROWS);
+            return 2;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Summary table — both substrates side by side. */
+    printf("\n== Per-kernel comparison ==\n");
+    printf("  %-24s %12s %12s %8s   %7s\n",
+           "kernel", "CPU ns/op", "QPU ns/op", "winner", "ms/frame");
+    for (int i = 0; i < N_ROWS; i++) {
+        double cpu_ms = rows[i].cpu_ns * rows[i].frame_n / 1e6;
+        double qpu_ms = rows[i].qpu_ns > 0 ? rows[i].qpu_ns * rows[i].frame_n / 1e6 : -1;
+        const char *winner;
+        char ratio[16];
+        if (rows[i].qpu_ns <= 0) {
+            winner = "CPU";  /* QPU n/a */
+            snprintf(ratio, sizeof(ratio), "n/a");
+        } else if (rows[i].cpu_ns < rows[i].qpu_ns) {
+            winner = "CPU";
+            snprintf(ratio, sizeof(ratio), "%.2fx", rows[i].qpu_ns / rows[i].cpu_ns);
+        } else {
+            winner = "QPU";
+            snprintf(ratio, sizeof(ratio), "%.2fx", rows[i].cpu_ns / rows[i].qpu_ns);
+        }
+        char qpu_field[16];
+        if (rows[i].qpu_ns > 0) snprintf(qpu_field, sizeof(qpu_field), "%.2f", rows[i].qpu_ns);
+        else                    snprintf(qpu_field, sizeof(qpu_field), "n/a");
+        char ms_field[24];
+        if (qpu_ms > 0)
+            snprintf(ms_field, sizeof(ms_field), "%.2f/%.2f", cpu_ms, qpu_ms);
+        else
+            snprintf(ms_field, sizeof(ms_field), "%.2f/n/a", cpu_ms);
+        printf("  %-24s %12.2f %12s   %3s %s   %s\n",
+               rows[i].name, rows[i].cpu_ns, qpu_field, winner, ratio, ms_field);
+    }
+
+    /* Per-frame budget summary at 1080p (8160 MBs). */
+    double cpu_idct4 = rows[0].cpu_ns * MBS_1080P * 16 / 1e6;
+    double cpu_debl  = (rows[2].cpu_ns + rows[3].cpu_ns) * MBS_1080P * 4 / 1e6;
+    double cpu_mc    = rows[6].cpu_ns * MBS_1080P * 4 / 1e6;   /* mc22 worst-case */
+    double cpu_sum   = cpu_idct4 + cpu_debl + cpu_mc;
+
+    printf("\n== Projected 1080p worst-case (CPU NEON only) ==\n");
+    printf("  IDCT 4x4 + deblock luma + qpel mc22:  %.2f ms (30fps deadline 33.33)\n", cpu_sum);
+    printf("  Margin:                               %+.2f ms\n", 33.33 - cpu_sum);
+
+    if (has_qpu) {
+        double qpu_idct4 = rows[0].qpu_ns * MBS_1080P * 16 / 1e6;
+        double qpu_debl  = (rows[2].qpu_ns + rows[3].qpu_ns) * MBS_1080P * 4 / 1e6;
+        double qpu_mc    = rows[6].qpu_ns * MBS_1080P * 4 / 1e6;
+        double qpu_sum   = qpu_idct4 + qpu_debl + qpu_mc;
+        printf("\n== Projected 1080p worst-case (QPU V3D7 compute only) ==\n");
+        printf("  IDCT 4x4 + deblock luma + qpel mc22:  %.2f ms (30fps deadline 33.33)\n", qpu_sum);
+        printf("  Margin:                               %+.2f ms\n", 33.33 - qpu_sum);
+        printf("\n  CPU vs QPU sum ratio: %.2fx  (>1 means QPU wins)\n",
+               qpu_sum > 0 ? cpu_sum / qpu_sum : 0.0);
+    }
+
+    printf("\n(NOT included: chroma deblock, chroma IDCT, intra prediction,\n");
+    printf(" CABAC/CAVLC entropy.  These bench numbers are a budget LOWER\n");
+    printf(" bound; the real decode stack adds 20-40%% on top.\n");
+    printf(" Per-kernel substrate decisions belong in daedalus_core.c recipe\n");
+    printf(" table; the QPU substrate decree (2026-05-23) keeps everything\n");
+    printf(" on QPU regardless of these numbers as a policy choice.)\n");
+
+    daedalus_ctx_destroy(ctx);
+    return 0;
+}

tests/bench_pool_overhead.c

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * bench_pool_overhead — measure QPU dispatch overhead with and without
+ * the v3d_runner buffer pool warm.
+ *
+ * Times N consecutive daedalus_recipe_dispatch_vp9_idct8 calls and
+ * prints the per-call distribution.  The first call pays
+ * vkAllocateMemory (typically tens of microseconds on V3D7's Mesa);
+ * the second and subsequent should hit the pool freelist and amortise
+ * to the pure dispatch-floor cost.
+ *
+ * Purpose: provide a concrete before/after number for the QPU-default
+ * substrate decree (2026-05-23).  Bench is non-gating and runs in
+ * fractions of a second.
+ *
+ * License: BSD-2-Clause.
+ */
+#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include "../include/daedalus.h"
+
+extern size_t v3d_runner_pool_total_bytes(void *);  /* exposed if we wanted it */
+
+static double now_seconds(void)
+{
+	struct timespec ts;
+	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW, &ts);
+	return ts.tv_sec + ts.tv_nsec * 1e-9;
+}
+
+static int cmp_double(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	double da = *(const double *)a, db = *(const double *)b;
+	return da < db ? -1 : da > db ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int n_calls = argc > 1 ? atoi(argv[1]) : 200;
+	int n_blocks = 8;	/* one MB column of 8x8 IDCT blocks */
+	int stride = 64;
+
+	daedalus_ctx *ctx = daedalus_ctx_create();
+	if (!ctx) { fprintf(stderr, "ctx create failed\n"); return 1; }
+	int has_qpu = daedalus_ctx_has_qpu(ctx);
+	printf("ctx: has_qpu=%d\n", has_qpu);
+	if (!has_qpu) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "QPU not available on this device; bench needs V3D\n");
+		daedalus_ctx_destroy(ctx);
+		return 2;
+	}
+
+	/* Build a representative IDCT 8x8 batch and warm a dst buffer. */
+	int16_t *coeffs = calloc((size_t) n_blocks * 64, sizeof(int16_t));
+	uint8_t *dst    = calloc((size_t) n_blocks * 8 * stride, 1);
+	daedalus_idct8_meta *meta = calloc((size_t) n_blocks, sizeof(*meta));
+	if (!coeffs || !dst || !meta) { fprintf(stderr, "alloc fail\n"); return 1; }
+
+	uint64_t s = 0x1234567abcdefULL;
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < (size_t) n_blocks * 64; i++) {
+		s ^= s << 13; s ^= s >> 7; s ^= s << 17;
+		coeffs[i] = (int16_t)(s & 0x7ff) - 0x400;
+	}
+	for (int b = 0; b < n_blocks; b++) {
+		meta[b].dst_off = (uint32_t) b * 8;
+		meta[b].block_x = (uint32_t) b;
+		meta[b].block_y = 0;
+	}
+
+	double *t = malloc((size_t) n_calls * sizeof(double));
+	int rc;
+
+	printf("=== dispatching %d times, n_blocks=%d/call ===\n",
+	       n_calls, n_blocks);
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < n_calls; i++) {
+		double t0 = now_seconds();
+		rc = daedalus_dispatch_vp9_idct8(ctx, DAEDALUS_SUBSTRATE_QPU,
+						  dst, (size_t) stride,
+						  coeffs, (size_t) n_blocks, meta);
+		double t1 = now_seconds();
+		if (rc) { fprintf(stderr, "dispatch %d rc=%d\n", i, rc); return 1; }
+		t[i] = (t1 - t0) * 1e6;	/* us */
+	}
+
+	/* Per-call distribution (first few + sorted summary on the steady-state) */
+	printf("\nfirst 5 calls (cold-warm transition):\n");
+	for (int i = 0; i < 5 && i < n_calls; i++)
+		printf("  call %d:  %.2f us\n", i, t[i]);
+
+	int skip = 10;	/* drop warm-up calls from the steady-state stats */
+	if (n_calls > skip + 10) {
+		int n = n_calls - skip;
+		double *s_arr = malloc((size_t) n * sizeof(double));
+		memcpy(s_arr, t + skip, (size_t) n * sizeof(double));
+		qsort(s_arr, (size_t) n, sizeof(double), cmp_double);
+		double sum = 0;
+		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) sum += s_arr[i];
+		printf("\nsteady-state stats (calls %d..%d, n=%d):\n",
+		       skip, n_calls - 1, n);
+		printf("  min:    %.2f us\n", s_arr[0]);
+		printf("  p50:    %.2f us\n", s_arr[n / 2]);
+		printf("  p90:    %.2f us\n", s_arr[(int)(n * 0.9)]);
+		printf("  p99:    %.2f us\n", s_arr[(int)(n * 0.99)]);
+		printf("  max:    %.2f us\n", s_arr[n - 1]);
+		printf("  mean:   %.2f us\n", sum / n);
+		printf("\nfirst-call / steady-state median ratio: %.1fx\n",
+		       t[0] / s_arr[n / 2]);
+		free(s_arr);
+	}
+
+	free(t); free(coeffs); free(dst); free(meta);
+	daedalus_ctx_destroy(ctx);
+	return 0;
+}

tests/h264_chroma_dc_hadamard_ref.c

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Standalone bit-exact C reference for the H.264 chroma DC 2x2
+ * Hadamard transform (per H.264 §8.5.11.1).
+ *
+ * In 4:2:0 chroma, the four DC coefficients (one from each chroma
+ * 4x4 AC block within an MB) are arranged into a 2x2 block:
+ *
+ *     c[0,0]  c[0,1]      block (0,0) DC   block (0,1) DC
+ *     c[1,0]  c[1,1]      block (1,0) DC   block (1,1) DC
+ *
+ * The 2x2 Hadamard transform:
+ *
+ *     f[0,0] = c[0,0] + c[0,1] + c[1,0] + c[1,1]
+ *     f[0,1] = c[0,0] - c[0,1] + c[1,0] - c[1,1]
+ *     f[1,0] = c[0,0] + c[0,1] - c[1,0] - c[1,1]
+ *     f[1,1] = c[0,0] - c[0,1] - c[1,0] + c[1,1]
+ *
+ * Equivalently expressed as 2-stage butterflies (row then col), which
+ * the NEON impl uses for SIMD friendliness — we present that form
+ * here too so the QPU/NEON ports are 1:1.
+ *
+ * Output f[] replaces the input c[].  The QP-dependent scaling per
+ * §8.5.11.2 happens AFTER this primitive — the intercept patch
+ * composes Hadamard + LevelScale + shift itself, since the scaling
+ * shape depends on QP and on whether we're in the chroma_qp_offset
+ * adjustment regime.
+ *
+ * Input/output layout:
+ *   c[0..3] in row-major order: [c[0,0], c[0,1], c[1,0], c[1,1]]
+ *
+ * License: BSD-2-Clause.  Algorithm is in the H.264 spec.
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+void daedalus_h264_chroma_dc_hadamard_2x2_ref(int16_t c[4])
+{
+    /* Stage 1: butterfly along rows.
+     *   t[0] = c[0,0] + c[0,1]   = c[0] + c[1]
+     *   t[1] = c[0,0] - c[0,1]   = c[0] - c[1]
+     *   t[2] = c[1,0] + c[1,1]   = c[2] + c[3]
+     *   t[3] = c[1,0] - c[1,1]   = c[2] - c[3]
+     */
+    int t0 = c[0] + c[1];
+    int t1 = c[0] - c[1];
+    int t2 = c[2] + c[3];
+    int t3 = c[2] - c[3];
+
+    /* Stage 2: butterfly along cols. */
+    c[0] = (int16_t)(t0 + t2);   /* f[0,0] = t0+t2 = sum of all 4 */
+    c[1] = (int16_t)(t1 + t3);   /* f[0,1] = (c0-c1) + (c2-c3) */
+    c[2] = (int16_t)(t0 - t2);   /* f[1,0] = (c0+c1) - (c2+c3) */
+    c[3] = (int16_t)(t1 - t3);   /* f[1,1] = (c0-c1) - (c2-c3) */
+}

tests/h264_chroma_loop_filter_ref.c

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*
+ * Standalone bit-exact C reference for H.264 chroma loop filters
+ * (bS < 4 variant; "intra" / bS=4 variant lives in a separate file
+ * when added).  Covers both orientations:
+ *
+ *   v_loop_filter_chroma: filter applied VERTICALLY across a
+ *     HORIZONTAL edge.  Tile is 8 cols × 4 rows of context
+ *     (rows -2..+1); pix points to row 0 of the bottom block.
+ *   h_loop_filter_chroma: filter applied HORIZONTALLY across a
+ *     VERTICAL edge.  Tile is 4 cols × 8 rows of context
+ *     (cols -2..+1); pix points to col 0 of the right block.
+ *
+ * Mirrors FFmpeg `ff_h264_v_loop_filter_chroma_neon` (line 412) and
+ * `ff_h264_h_loop_filter_chroma_neon` (line 430) in
+ * external/ffmpeg-snapshot/libavcodec/aarch64/h264dsp_neon.S.
+ *
+ * Algorithm per H.264 §8.7.2.4 (chroma bS<4 inter):
+ *   - Same edge preconditions as luma: |p0-q0|<α, |p1-p0|<β, |q1-q0|<β.
+ *   - tC = tc0_seg + 1 (chroma's tc has no luma-style ap/aq side bonus).
+ *   - δ = clip3((((q0-p0)<<2) + (p1-q1) + 4) >> 3, -tC, tC).
+ *   - p0' = clip255(p0+δ); q0' = clip255(q0-δ).
+ *   - Chroma NEVER updates p1, p2, q1, q2 (unlike luma).
+ *
+ * tc0[4]: 4 segments × 2 cells per segment = 8 cells per edge
+ * (matches both 4:2:0 chroma plane geometry — 8 cols for V edge or
+ * 8 rows for H edge).
+ *
+ * Signature (matches FFmpeg + the existing luma refs):
+ *   void(uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride,
+ *        int alpha, int beta, int8_t tc0[4]);
+ *
+ * License: LGPL-2.1-or-later (matches FFmpeg upstream).
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+static inline int clip_u8(int v) { return v < 0 ? 0 : v > 255 ? 255 : v; }
+static inline int clip3(int v, int lo, int hi) {
+    return v < lo ? lo : v > hi ? hi : v;
+}
+static inline int abs_i(int x) { return x < 0 ? -x : x; }
+
+/* Per-cell chroma filter, vertical-direction access (one column
+ * across the horizontal edge).  p1 is at pix[-2*stride], q1 at
+ * pix[+1*stride]. */
+static void h264_chroma_cell_v(uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride,
+                                int alpha, int beta, int tc0_s)
+{
+    int p1 = pix[-2*stride], p0 = pix[-1*stride];
+    int q0 = pix[ 0*stride], q1 = pix[ 1*stride];
+    if (abs_i(p0 - q0) >= alpha) return;
+    if (abs_i(p1 - p0) >= beta)  return;
+    if (abs_i(q1 - q0) >= beta)  return;
+    int tc = tc0_s + 1;
+    int delta = clip3(((q0 - p0) * 4 + (p1 - q1) + 4) >> 3, -tc, tc);
+    pix[-1*stride] = (uint8_t) clip_u8(p0 + delta);
+    pix[ 0*stride] = (uint8_t) clip_u8(q0 - delta);
+}
+
+/* Same kernel, horizontal-direction access (one row across the
+ * vertical edge).  p1 at pix[-2], q1 at pix[+1]. */
+static void h264_chroma_cell_h(uint8_t *pix,
+                                int alpha, int beta, int tc0_s)
+{
+    int p1 = pix[-2], p0 = pix[-1];
+    int q0 = pix[ 0], q1 = pix[ 1];
+    if (abs_i(p0 - q0) >= alpha) return;
+    if (abs_i(p1 - p0) >= beta)  return;
+    if (abs_i(q1 - q0) >= beta)  return;
+    int tc = tc0_s + 1;
+    int delta = clip3(((q0 - p0) * 4 + (p1 - q1) + 4) >> 3, -tc, tc);
+    pix[-1] = (uint8_t) clip_u8(p0 + delta);
+    pix[ 0] = (uint8_t) clip_u8(q0 - delta);
+}
+
+void daedalus_h264_v_loop_filter_chroma_ref(
+    uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride,
+    int alpha, int beta, int8_t tc0[4])
+{
+    if (alpha == 0 || beta == 0) return;
+    if (tc0[0] < 0 && tc0[1] < 0 && tc0[2] < 0 && tc0[3] < 0) return;
+
+    /* 8 cols divided into 4 segments of 2 cols each. */
+    for (int s = 0; s < 4; s++) {
+        int tc0_s = tc0[s];
+        if (tc0_s < 0) continue;
+        for (int c = 0; c < 2; c++) {
+            int col = s * 2 + c;
+            h264_chroma_cell_v(pix + col, stride, alpha, beta, tc0_s);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void daedalus_h264_h_loop_filter_chroma_ref(
+    uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride,
+    int alpha, int beta, int8_t tc0[4])
+{
+    if (alpha == 0 || beta == 0) return;
+    if (tc0[0] < 0 && tc0[1] < 0 && tc0[2] < 0 && tc0[3] < 0) return;
+
+    /* 8 rows divided into 4 segments of 2 rows each. */
+    for (int s = 0; s < 4; s++) {
+        int tc0_s = tc0[s];
+        if (tc0_s < 0) continue;
+        for (int r = 0; r < 2; r++) {
+            int row = s * 2 + r;
+            h264_chroma_cell_h(pix + row * stride, alpha, beta, tc0_s);
+        }
+    }
+}

tests/h264_h_loop_filter_luma_ref.c

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+/*
+ * Standalone bit-exact C reference for H.264 luma "horizontal"
+ * loop filter (h_loop_filter_luma): applies filter HORIZONTALLY
+ * across a VERTICAL edge. The edge spans the 16-row macroblock
+ * height, between columns -1 and 0.
+ *
+ * Mirrors FFmpeg `ff_h264_h_loop_filter_luma_neon` in
+ * external/ffmpeg-snapshot/libavcodec/aarch64/h264dsp_neon.S
+ * line 134. Operates on an 8-col × 16-row region:
+ *   pix[r*stride + c] for r in 0..15, c in -4..+3
+ * With pix pointing to row 0, col 0 of the right block (= the
+ * leftmost column of the bottom-/right-block half of the edge).
+ *
+ * 16 rows divided into 4 segments of 4 rows; each segment has its
+ * own tc0 strength (tc0[0..3]).
+ *
+ * Note: FFmpeg's "h_loop_filter" naming uses the FILTER DIRECTION
+ * (horizontal = across the edge from the left), not the edge
+ * orientation (vertical). H.264 spec calls this the "vertical
+ * edge" filter.
+ *
+ * This is the column-axis transpose of h264_v_loop_filter_luma_ref:
+ *   - v variant: p3..p0 above the edge (pix[-4*stride..-1*stride]),
+ *     q0..q3 below (pix[0..+3*stride]).  16 columns × 4 segments.
+ *   - h variant: p3..p0 left of the edge (pix[-4..-1]),
+ *     q0..q3 right (pix[0..+3]).            16 rows × 4 segments.
+ * Same per-segment kernel; only the address arithmetic transposes.
+ *
+ * Signature:
+ *   void(uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride,
+ *        int alpha, int beta, int8_t tc0[4]);
+ *
+ * License: LGPL-2.1-or-later (matches FFmpeg upstream).
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+static inline int clip_u8(int v) { return v < 0 ? 0 : v > 255 ? 255 : v; }
+static inline int clip3(int v, int lo, int hi) {
+    return v < lo ? lo : v > hi ? hi : v;
+}
+static inline int abs_i(int x) { return x < 0 ? -x : x; }
+
+/* Apply luma deblock to one ROW at the vertical edge.
+ * p0..p3 are pixels left of the edge (pix[-1..-4]),
+ * q0..q3 right (pix[0..+3]).
+ * tc0_s is the segment's tc0 value (already known >= 0).
+ *
+ * Writes back to pix[-2], pix[-1], pix[0], pix[+1]
+ * (= p1, p0, q0, q1).
+ */
+static void h264_deblock_luma_row(uint8_t *pix,
+                                   int alpha, int beta, int tc0_s)
+{
+    int p3 = pix[-4], p2 = pix[-3], p1 = pix[-2], p0 = pix[-1];
+    int q0 = pix[ 0], q1 = pix[ 1], q2 = pix[ 2], q3 = pix[ 3];
+    (void) p3; (void) q3;   /* not used in bS<4 path */
+
+    /* Edge pre-conditions. */
+    if (abs_i(p0 - q0) >= alpha) return;
+    if (abs_i(p1 - p0) >= beta)  return;
+    if (abs_i(q1 - q0) >= beta)  return;
+
+    /* Side conditions. */
+    int ap = abs_i(p2 - p0);
+    int aq = abs_i(q2 - q0);
+    int ap_lt_beta = (ap < beta);
+    int aq_lt_beta = (aq < beta);
+
+    /* Combined filter strength. */
+    int tc = tc0_s + ap_lt_beta + aq_lt_beta;
+
+    /* p0 / q0 update. */
+    int delta = clip3(((q0 - p0) * 4 + (p1 - q1) + 4) >> 3, -tc, tc);
+    int p0p = clip_u8(p0 + delta);
+    int q0p = clip_u8(q0 - delta);
+
+    /* p1 update (only if ap<beta). */
+    int p1p = p1;
+    if (ap_lt_beta) {
+        int delta_p1 = clip3((p2 + ((p0 + q0 + 1) >> 1) - 2*p1) >> 1, -tc0_s, tc0_s);
+        p1p = p1 + delta_p1;
+    }
+    /* q1 update (only if aq<beta). */
+    int q1p = q1;
+    if (aq_lt_beta) {
+        int delta_q1 = clip3((q2 + ((p0 + q0 + 1) >> 1) - 2*q1) >> 1, -tc0_s, tc0_s);
+        q1p = q1 + delta_q1;
+    }
+
+    pix[-2] = (uint8_t) p1p;
+    pix[-1] = (uint8_t) p0p;
+    pix[ 0] = (uint8_t) q0p;
+    pix[ 1] = (uint8_t) q1p;
+}
+
+void daedalus_h264_h_loop_filter_luma_ref(
+    uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride,
+    int alpha, int beta, int8_t tc0[4])
+{
+    /* H.264 deblock "outer" precondition: alpha == 0 OR beta == 0
+     * skips filtering. Also if ALL tc0[*] == -1, skip
+     * (h264_loop_filter_start macro check). */
+    if (alpha == 0 || beta == 0) return;
+    if (tc0[0] < 0 && tc0[1] < 0 && tc0[2] < 0 && tc0[3] < 0) return;
+
+    /* 16 rows divided into 4 segments of 4 rows each. */
+    for (int s = 0; s < 4; s++) {
+        int tc0_s = tc0[s];
+        if (tc0_s < 0) continue;   /* bS = 0 segment → skip */
+        for (int r = 0; r < 4; r++) {
+            int row = s * 4 + r;
+            h264_deblock_luma_row(pix + row * stride, alpha, beta, tc0_s);
+        }
+    }
+}

tests/h264_intra_loop_filter_ref.c

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/*
+ * Standalone bit-exact C reference for H.264 luma + chroma "intra"
+ * loop filters (bS = 4 variant, used at I-MB edges where the
+ * boundary strength is forced to 4).  Covers all four orientations:
+ *
+ *   v_loop_filter_luma_intra   — 16 cols × 8 rows, edge between
+ *                                 rows -1 and 0
+ *   h_loop_filter_luma_intra   — 8 cols × 16 rows, edge between
+ *                                 cols -1 and 0
+ *   v_loop_filter_chroma_intra — 8 cols × 4 rows
+ *   h_loop_filter_chroma_intra — 4 cols × 8 rows
+ *
+ * Mirrors FFmpeg's `ff_h264_{v,h}_loop_filter_{luma,chroma}_intra_neon`
+ * in external/ffmpeg-snapshot/libavcodec/aarch64/h264dsp_neon.S.
+ *
+ * Algorithm per H.264 §8.7.2.3 (bS=4):
+ *
+ *   Preconditions (same as bS<4):
+ *     |p0-q0| < α  AND  |p1-p0| < β  AND  |q1-q0| < β
+ *
+ *   Luma — strong/weak filter selector per side:
+ *     strong_p = (|p2-p0| < β) AND (|p0-q0| < (α>>2)+2)
+ *     strong_q = (|q2-q0| < β) AND (|p0-q0| < (α>>2)+2)
+ *
+ *     If strong_p, update p0/p1/p2:
+ *       p0' = (p2 + 2*p1 + 2*p0 + 2*q0 + q1 + 4) >> 3
+ *       p1' = (p2 + p1 + p0 + q0 + 2) >> 2
+ *       p2' = (2*p3 + 3*p2 + p1 + p0 + q0 + 4) >> 3
+ *     Else weak (single cell):
+ *       p0' = (2*p1 + p0 + q1 + 2) >> 2
+ *     Mirror for q-side.
+ *
+ *   Chroma — always weak (no quad-tree selector):
+ *     p0' = (2*p1 + p0 + q1 + 2) >> 2
+ *     q0' = (2*q1 + q0 + p1 + 2) >> 2
+ *     Chroma never updates p1/p2/q1/q2.
+ *
+ * Signature (no tc0 in the intra path — the daedalus_h264_deblock_meta
+ * struct's tc0 field is ignored at the dispatch layer):
+ *   void(uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride, int alpha, int beta);
+ *
+ * License: LGPL-2.1-or-later (matches FFmpeg upstream).
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+static inline int clip_u8(int v) { return v < 0 ? 0 : v > 255 ? 255 : v; }
+static inline int abs_i(int x) { return x < 0 ? -x : x; }
+
+/* --- luma intra, one column across the horizontal edge --- */
+static void h264_luma_intra_cell_v(uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride,
+                                    int alpha, int beta)
+{
+    int p3 = pix[-4*stride], p2 = pix[-3*stride];
+    int p1 = pix[-2*stride], p0 = pix[-1*stride];
+    int q0 = pix[ 0*stride], q1 = pix[ 1*stride];
+    int q2 = pix[ 2*stride], q3 = pix[ 3*stride];
+
+    if (abs_i(p0 - q0) >= alpha) return;
+    if (abs_i(p1 - p0) >= beta)  return;
+    if (abs_i(q1 - q0) >= beta)  return;
+
+    int strong_common = abs_i(p0 - q0) < ((alpha >> 2) + 2);
+    int strong_p = strong_common && (abs_i(p2 - p0) < beta);
+    int strong_q = strong_common && (abs_i(q2 - q0) < beta);
+
+    if (strong_p) {
+        pix[-1*stride] = (uint8_t) clip_u8((p2 + 2*p1 + 2*p0 + 2*q0 + q1 + 4) >> 3);
+        pix[-2*stride] = (uint8_t) clip_u8((p2 + p1 + p0 + q0 + 2) >> 2);
+        pix[-3*stride] = (uint8_t) clip_u8((2*p3 + 3*p2 + p1 + p0 + q0 + 4) >> 3);
+    } else {
+        pix[-1*stride] = (uint8_t) clip_u8((2*p1 + p0 + q1 + 2) >> 2);
+    }
+
+    if (strong_q) {
+        pix[ 0*stride] = (uint8_t) clip_u8((q2 + 2*q1 + 2*q0 + 2*p0 + p1 + 4) >> 3);
+        pix[ 1*stride] = (uint8_t) clip_u8((q2 + q1 + q0 + p0 + 2) >> 2);
+        pix[ 2*stride] = (uint8_t) clip_u8((2*q3 + 3*q2 + q1 + q0 + p0 + 4) >> 3);
+    } else {
+        pix[ 0*stride] = (uint8_t) clip_u8((2*q1 + q0 + p1 + 2) >> 2);
+    }
+}
+
+/* --- luma intra, one row across the vertical edge --- */
+static void h264_luma_intra_cell_h(uint8_t *pix, int alpha, int beta)
+{
+    int p3 = pix[-4], p2 = pix[-3], p1 = pix[-2], p0 = pix[-1];
+    int q0 = pix[ 0], q1 = pix[ 1], q2 = pix[ 2], q3 = pix[ 3];
+
+    if (abs_i(p0 - q0) >= alpha) return;
+    if (abs_i(p1 - p0) >= beta)  return;
+    if (abs_i(q1 - q0) >= beta)  return;
+
+    int strong_common = abs_i(p0 - q0) < ((alpha >> 2) + 2);
+    int strong_p = strong_common && (abs_i(p2 - p0) < beta);
+    int strong_q = strong_common && (abs_i(q2 - q0) < beta);
+
+    if (strong_p) {
+        pix[-1] = (uint8_t) clip_u8((p2 + 2*p1 + 2*p0 + 2*q0 + q1 + 4) >> 3);
+        pix[-2] = (uint8_t) clip_u8((p2 + p1 + p0 + q0 + 2) >> 2);
+        pix[-3] = (uint8_t) clip_u8((2*p3 + 3*p2 + p1 + p0 + q0 + 4) >> 3);
+    } else {
+        pix[-1] = (uint8_t) clip_u8((2*p1 + p0 + q1 + 2) >> 2);
+    }
+
+    if (strong_q) {
+        pix[ 0] = (uint8_t) clip_u8((q2 + 2*q1 + 2*q0 + 2*p0 + p1 + 4) >> 3);
+        pix[ 1] = (uint8_t) clip_u8((q2 + q1 + q0 + p0 + 2) >> 2);
+        pix[ 2] = (uint8_t) clip_u8((2*q3 + 3*q2 + q1 + q0 + p0 + 4) >> 3);
+    } else {
+        pix[ 0] = (uint8_t) clip_u8((2*q1 + q0 + p1 + 2) >> 2);
+    }
+}
+
+/* --- chroma intra, one column across the horizontal edge --- */
+static void h264_chroma_intra_cell_v(uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride,
+                                      int alpha, int beta)
+{
+    int p1 = pix[-2*stride], p0 = pix[-1*stride];
+    int q0 = pix[ 0*stride], q1 = pix[ 1*stride];
+
+    if (abs_i(p0 - q0) >= alpha) return;
+    if (abs_i(p1 - p0) >= beta)  return;
+    if (abs_i(q1 - q0) >= beta)  return;
+
+    pix[-1*stride] = (uint8_t) clip_u8((2*p1 + p0 + q1 + 2) >> 2);
+    pix[ 0*stride] = (uint8_t) clip_u8((2*q1 + q0 + p1 + 2) >> 2);
+}
+
+/* --- chroma intra, one row across the vertical edge --- */
+static void h264_chroma_intra_cell_h(uint8_t *pix, int alpha, int beta)
+{
+    int p1 = pix[-2], p0 = pix[-1];
+    int q0 = pix[ 0], q1 = pix[ 1];
+
+    if (abs_i(p0 - q0) >= alpha) return;
+    if (abs_i(p1 - p0) >= beta)  return;
+    if (abs_i(q1 - q0) >= beta)  return;
+
+    pix[-1] = (uint8_t) clip_u8((2*p1 + p0 + q1 + 2) >> 2);
+    pix[ 0] = (uint8_t) clip_u8((2*q1 + q0 + p1 + 2) >> 2);
+}
+
+/* --- public refs --- */
+
+void daedalus_h264_v_loop_filter_luma_intra_ref(
+    uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride, int alpha, int beta)
+{
+    /* Note: the FFmpeg .S `h264_loop_filter_start_intra` macro
+     * returns early if (alpha|beta) == 0.  For non-zero alpha or
+     * non-zero beta it runs the filter; the per-cell preconditions
+     * (abs(p0-q0)<alpha etc.) then decide whether each column
+     * actually updates pixels.  Match that here. */
+    if ((alpha | beta) == 0) return;
+
+    /* 16 columns; no quad-tree segments in the intra path (bS=4 is
+     * uniform across the edge, no tc0_seg < 0 skip). */
+    for (int c = 0; c < 16; c++)
+        h264_luma_intra_cell_v(pix + c, stride, alpha, beta);
+}
+
+void daedalus_h264_h_loop_filter_luma_intra_ref(
+    uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride, int alpha, int beta)
+{
+    if ((alpha | beta) == 0) return;
+    for (int r = 0; r < 16; r++)
+        h264_luma_intra_cell_h(pix + r * stride, alpha, beta);
+}
+
+void daedalus_h264_v_loop_filter_chroma_intra_ref(
+    uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride, int alpha, int beta)
+{
+    if ((alpha | beta) == 0) return;
+    for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++)
+        h264_chroma_intra_cell_v(pix + c, stride, alpha, beta);
+}
+
+void daedalus_h264_h_loop_filter_chroma_intra_ref(
+    uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride, int alpha, int beta)
+{
+    if ((alpha | beta) == 0) return;
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++)
+        h264_chroma_intra_cell_h(pix + r * stride, alpha, beta);
+}

tests/h264_qpel8_avg_anchors_ref.c

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Standalone bit-exact C references for the avg_ qpel anchors —
+ * the biprediction "average against existing dst" form of mc20,
+ * mc02, mc22.  Used in B-slices where two qpel-interpolated samples
+ * (one from list0, one from list1) are averaged per H.264 §8.4.2.3.
+ *
+ * Each kernel computes the same half-pel formula as the put_ form,
+ * then averages with dst[r,c] via L2 ((dst + put_val + 1) >> 1).
+ * The dst buffer carries the list0 prediction on entry; the avg_
+ * call adds the list1 contribution.
+ *
+ * Mirror FFmpeg's `ff_avg_h264_qpel8_{mc20,mc02,mc22}_neon` in
+ * external/ffmpeg-snapshot/libavcodec/aarch64/h264qpel_neon.S
+ * (same `\type=avg` expansion as the put_ functions).
+ *
+ * License: LGPL-2.1-or-later.
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+static inline int clip_u8(int v) { return v < 0 ? 0 : v > 255 ? 255 : v; }
+static inline uint8_t avg2(uint8_t a, uint8_t b) { return (uint8_t)((a + b + 1) >> 1); }
+
+/* Same per-cell helpers as the diag/quarter-axis refs.  Duplicated
+ * here (rather than extern'd) so this TU compiles standalone. */
+static inline uint8_t hpel_h(const uint8_t *s, int r, int c, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    int v = (int) s[r*stride + c-2] - 5 * (int) s[r*stride + c-1]
+          + 20 * (int) s[r*stride + c]   + 20 * (int) s[r*stride + c+1]
+          - 5 * (int) s[r*stride + c+2]  + (int) s[r*stride + c+3]
+          + 16;
+    return (uint8_t) clip_u8(v >> 5);
+}
+static inline uint8_t hpel_v(const uint8_t *s, int r, int c, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    int v = (int) s[(r-2)*stride + c] - 5 * (int) s[(r-1)*stride + c]
+          + 20 * (int) s[r*stride + c] + 20 * (int) s[(r+1)*stride + c]
+          - 5 * (int) s[(r+2)*stride + c] + (int) s[(r+3)*stride + c]
+          + 16;
+    return (uint8_t) clip_u8(v >> 5);
+}
+
+void daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc20_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++)
+            dst[r*stride + c] = avg2(dst[r*stride + c], hpel_h(src, r, c, stride));
+}
+
+void daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc02_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++)
+            dst[r*stride + c] = avg2(dst[r*stride + c], hpel_v(src, r, c, stride));
+}
+
+void daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc22_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    /* Per-cell mc22: same 13-row int16 tmp[] computation as the
+     * put_ reference, then L2 with dst. */
+    int16_t tmp[13][8];
+    for (int rr = 0; rr < 13; rr++) {
+        int src_row = rr - 2;
+        const uint8_t *s = src + src_row * stride;
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) {
+            int v = (int) s[c-2] - 5 * (int) s[c-1]
+                  + 20 * (int) s[c]   + 20 * (int) s[c+1]
+                  - 5 * (int) s[c+2]  + (int) s[c+3];
+            tmp[rr][c] = (int16_t) v;
+        }
+    }
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) {
+            int v = tmp[r+0][c] - 5*tmp[r+1][c] + 20*tmp[r+2][c]
+                  + 20*tmp[r+3][c] - 5*tmp[r+4][c] + tmp[r+5][c] + 512;
+            uint8_t p = (uint8_t) clip_u8(v >> 10);
+            dst[r*stride + c] = avg2(dst[r*stride + c], p);
+        }
+}

tests/h264_qpel8_avg_rest_ref.c

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Standalone bit-exact C references for the 12 remaining avg_
+ * biprediction qpel positions (B-slice list0 + list1 averaging):
+ *   4 quarter-axis: avg_mc{10,30,01,03}
+ *   8 diagonals  : avg_mc{11,12,13,21,23,31,32,33}
+ *
+ * Each is the put_ formula (per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 / Table 8-4) with
+ * a final L2 average against the existing dst contents per §8.4.2.3.1.
+ * Caller pre-loads dst with the list0 prediction; the avg_ call
+ * folds in list1.
+ *
+ * Mirror FFmpeg's `ff_avg_h264_qpel8_mc{XY}_neon` (in
+ * external/ffmpeg-snapshot/libavcodec/aarch64/h264qpel_neon.S
+ * — same `\type=avg` expansion as the put_ functions).
+ *
+ * License: LGPL-2.1-or-later.
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+static inline int clip_u8(int v) { return v < 0 ? 0 : v > 255 ? 255 : v; }
+static inline uint8_t avg2(uint8_t a, uint8_t b) { return (uint8_t)((a + b + 1) >> 1); }
+
+static inline uint8_t hpel_h(const uint8_t *s, int r, int c, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    int v = (int) s[r*stride + c-2] - 5 * (int) s[r*stride + c-1]
+          + 20 * (int) s[r*stride + c]   + 20 * (int) s[r*stride + c+1]
+          - 5 * (int) s[r*stride + c+2]  + (int) s[r*stride + c+3]
+          + 16;
+    return (uint8_t) clip_u8(v >> 5);
+}
+static inline uint8_t hpel_v(const uint8_t *s, int r, int c, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    int v = (int) s[(r-2)*stride + c] - 5 * (int) s[(r-1)*stride + c]
+          + 20 * (int) s[r*stride + c] + 20 * (int) s[(r+1)*stride + c]
+          - 5 * (int) s[(r+2)*stride + c] + (int) s[(r+3)*stride + c]
+          + 16;
+    return (uint8_t) clip_u8(v >> 5);
+}
+static inline uint8_t hpel_hv(const uint8_t *s, int r, int c, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    int t[6];
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+        int rr = r - 2 + i;
+        t[i] = (int) s[rr*stride + c-2] - 5 * (int) s[rr*stride + c-1]
+             + 20 * (int) s[rr*stride + c]   + 20 * (int) s[rr*stride + c+1]
+             - 5 * (int) s[rr*stride + c+2]  + (int) s[rr*stride + c+3];
+    }
+    int v = t[0] - 5*t[1] + 20*t[2] + 20*t[3] - 5*t[4] + t[5] + 512;
+    return (uint8_t) clip_u8(v >> 10);
+}
+
+/* Quarter-axis variants: half-pel + L2 with integer source, then
+ * L2 again with dst. */
+#define DEFINE_AVG_QUARTER(NAME, A_EXPR, INT_EXPR)                             \
+void daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_ ## NAME ## _ref(uint8_t *dst,                    \
+    const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride)                                      \
+{                                                                              \
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++)                                                \
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) {                                          \
+            uint8_t a = (A_EXPR);                                              \
+            uint8_t p = (uint8_t)((a + (INT_EXPR) + 1) >> 1);                  \
+            dst[r*stride + c] = avg2(dst[r*stride + c], p);                    \
+        }                                                                      \
+}
+
+DEFINE_AVG_QUARTER(mc10, hpel_h(src, r, c, stride),     src[r*stride + c    ])
+DEFINE_AVG_QUARTER(mc30, hpel_h(src, r, c, stride),     src[r*stride + c + 1])
+DEFINE_AVG_QUARTER(mc01, hpel_v(src, r, c, stride),     src[(r    )*stride + c])
+DEFINE_AVG_QUARTER(mc03, hpel_v(src, r, c, stride),     src[(r + 1)*stride + c])
+
+#undef DEFINE_AVG_QUARTER
+
+/* Diagonal variants: avg of two half-pels, then L2 with dst. */
+#define DEFINE_AVG_DIAG(NAME, A_EXPR, B_EXPR)                                  \
+void daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_ ## NAME ## _ref(uint8_t *dst,                    \
+    const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride)                                      \
+{                                                                              \
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++)                                                \
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) {                                          \
+            uint8_t a = (A_EXPR);                                              \
+            uint8_t b = (B_EXPR);                                              \
+            uint8_t p = avg2(a, b);                                            \
+            dst[r*stride + c] = avg2(dst[r*stride + c], p);                    \
+        }                                                                      \
+}
+
+DEFINE_AVG_DIAG(mc11, hpel_h(src,   r, c, stride), hpel_v(src, r,   c, stride))
+DEFINE_AVG_DIAG(mc12, hpel_hv(src,  r, c, stride), hpel_v(src, r,   c, stride))
+DEFINE_AVG_DIAG(mc13, hpel_h(src, r+1, c, stride), hpel_v(src, r,   c, stride))
+DEFINE_AVG_DIAG(mc21, hpel_hv(src,  r, c, stride), hpel_h(src, r,   c, stride))
+DEFINE_AVG_DIAG(mc23, hpel_hv(src,  r, c, stride), hpel_h(src, r+1, c, stride))
+DEFINE_AVG_DIAG(mc31, hpel_h(src,   r, c, stride), hpel_v(src, r, c+1, stride))
+DEFINE_AVG_DIAG(mc32, hpel_hv(src,  r, c, stride), hpel_v(src, r, c+1, stride))
+DEFINE_AVG_DIAG(mc33, hpel_h(src, r+1, c, stride), hpel_v(src, r, c+1, stride))
+
+#undef DEFINE_AVG_DIAG

tests/h264_qpel8_diag_ref.c

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+ * Standalone bit-exact C references for the 8 diagonal H.264 luma
+ * qpel positions (mc11, mc12, mc13, mc21, mc23, mc31, mc32, mc33).
+ * Each is the rounded average of two half-pel intermediates per
+ * H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 / Table 8-4, decomposed to match the FFmpeg .S
+ * reference structure (see comments in mc{11,12,21,...}_neon in
+ * external/ffmpeg-snapshot/libavcodec/aarch64/h264qpel_neon.S).
+ *
+ * Position decompositions (verified against the .S):
+ *   mc11 (e, ¼¼): avg(mc20[r,c],   mc02[r,c])
+ *   mc12 (f, ¼½): avg(mc22[r,c],   mc02[r,c])
+ *   mc13 (g, ¼¾): avg(mc20[r+1,c], mc02[r,c])
+ *   mc21 (i, ½¼): avg(mc22[r,c],   mc20[r,c])
+ *   mc23 (k, ½¾): avg(mc22[r,c],   mc20[r+1,c])
+ *   mc31 (p, ¾¼): avg(mc20[r,c],   mc02[r,c+1])
+ *   mc32 (q, ¾½): avg(mc22[r,c],   mc02[r,c+1])
+ *   mc33 (r, ¾¾): avg(mc20[r+1,c], mc02[r,c+1])
+ *
+ * (The mc20[r,c] notation means "the mc20-style horizontal half-pel
+ * result at source-relative integer position (r, c)"; analogously
+ * for mc02 and mc22.)
+ *
+ * Single-stride convention; same edge-context contract as the simpler
+ * variants (the cells "[r+1,c]" etc. demand one extra row/col of
+ * source context beyond what mc20/mc02 alone would need).
+ *
+ * License: LGPL-2.1-or-later.
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+static inline int clip_u8(int v) { return v < 0 ? 0 : v > 255 ? 255 : v; }
+
+/* Single-cell helpers — same arithmetic as the dedicated mc20/mc02
+ * refs but computed point-by-point so the diagonal refs can mix them
+ * cheaply.  Each returns a u8 (already clipped). */
+static inline uint8_t hpel_h(const uint8_t *s, int r, int c, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    int v = (int) s[r*stride + c-2] - 5 * (int) s[r*stride + c-1]
+          + 20 * (int) s[r*stride + c]   + 20 * (int) s[r*stride + c+1]
+          - 5 * (int) s[r*stride + c+2]  + (int) s[r*stride + c+3]
+          + 16;
+    return (uint8_t) clip_u8(v >> 5);
+}
+static inline uint8_t hpel_v(const uint8_t *s, int r, int c, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    int v = (int) s[(r-2)*stride + c] - 5 * (int) s[(r-1)*stride + c]
+          + 20 * (int) s[r*stride + c] + 20 * (int) s[(r+1)*stride + c]
+          - 5 * (int) s[(r+2)*stride + c] + (int) s[(r+3)*stride + c]
+          + 16;
+    return (uint8_t) clip_u8(v >> 5);
+}
+
+/* hpel_hv — 2D half-pel at (r, c) per the H.264 §8.4.2.2.1 "j"
+ * cascade.  Computes the 6 vertical intermediates needed for the
+ * column at offsets -2..+3 around (r, c), each as a 16-bit signed
+ * h-lowpass over the 6 source samples in the same row.  Then v-lowpass
+ * over those 6 intermediates with the +512 >> 10 final scale.  Same
+ * as the mc22 ref, just expressed point-by-point. */
+static inline uint8_t hpel_hv(const uint8_t *s, int r, int c, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    int t[6];   /* tmp at rows r-2..r+3 of the same col c */
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+        int rr = r - 2 + i;
+        t[i] = (int) s[rr*stride + c-2] - 5 * (int) s[rr*stride + c-1]
+             + 20 * (int) s[rr*stride + c]   + 20 * (int) s[rr*stride + c+1]
+             - 5 * (int) s[rr*stride + c+2]  + (int) s[rr*stride + c+3];
+    }
+    int v = t[0] - 5 * t[1] + 20 * t[2] + 20 * t[3] - 5 * t[4] + t[5] + 512;
+    return (uint8_t) clip_u8(v >> 10);
+}
+
+/* avg rounded ((a + b + 1) >> 1) — saturates already-clipped inputs
+ * so no further clip needed. */
+static inline uint8_t avg2(uint8_t a, uint8_t b) { return (uint8_t)((a + b + 1) >> 1); }
+
+#define DEFINE_DIAG_REF(NAME, A_EXPR, B_EXPR)                                  \
+void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_ ## NAME ## _ref(uint8_t *dst,                    \
+    const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride)                                      \
+{                                                                              \
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++)                                                \
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) {                                          \
+            uint8_t a = (A_EXPR);                                              \
+            uint8_t b = (B_EXPR);                                              \
+            dst[r*stride + c] = avg2(a, b);                                    \
+        }                                                                      \
+}
+
+DEFINE_DIAG_REF(mc11, hpel_h(src,   r, c, stride), hpel_v(src, r,   c, stride))
+DEFINE_DIAG_REF(mc12, hpel_hv(src,  r, c, stride), hpel_v(src, r,   c, stride))
+DEFINE_DIAG_REF(mc13, hpel_h(src, r+1, c, stride), hpel_v(src, r,   c, stride))
+DEFINE_DIAG_REF(mc21, hpel_hv(src,  r, c, stride), hpel_h(src, r,   c, stride))
+DEFINE_DIAG_REF(mc23, hpel_hv(src,  r, c, stride), hpel_h(src, r+1, c, stride))
+DEFINE_DIAG_REF(mc31, hpel_h(src,   r, c, stride), hpel_v(src, r, c+1, stride))
+DEFINE_DIAG_REF(mc32, hpel_hv(src,  r, c, stride), hpel_v(src, r, c+1, stride))
+DEFINE_DIAG_REF(mc33, hpel_h(src, r+1, c, stride), hpel_v(src, r, c+1, stride))
+
+#undef DEFINE_DIAG_REF

tests/h264_qpel8_mc02_ref.c

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Standalone bit-exact C reference for H.264 luma qpel 8×8 mc02
+ * (vertical half-pel, "put" variant).  Mirror of mc20 with rows
+ * and columns transposed.  6-tap filter applied vertically:
+ *
+ *   dst[r,c] = clip255( (s[r-2,c] - 5*s[r-1,c] + 20*s[r,c]
+ *                       + 20*s[r+1,c] - 5*s[r+2,c] + s[r+3,c]
+ *                       + 16) >> 5 )
+ *
+ * Mirrors FFmpeg `ff_put_h264_qpel8_mc02_neon` (in
+ * external/ffmpeg-snapshot/libavcodec/aarch64/h264qpel_neon.S
+ * line 678, which tail-calls put_h264_qpel8_v_lowpass_neon).
+ *
+ * Signature:
+ *   void(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+ *
+ * Both dst and src use the SAME stride.  src points at row 0 col 0
+ * of the output block; the filter reads rows -2..+3 (2 rows of top
+ * context, 3 rows of bottom context).  Caller must guarantee the
+ * source buffer has those rows available (FFmpeg's edge-emulated
+ * buffer handles this at the frame boundary; matches the contract
+ * documented for mc20).
+ *
+ * License: LGPL-2.1-or-later.
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+static inline int clip_u8(int v) { return v < 0 ? 0 : v > 255 ? 255 : v; }
+
+void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc02_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++) {
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) {
+            int s_m2 = src[(r - 2) * stride + c];
+            int s_m1 = src[(r - 1) * stride + c];
+            int s_0  = src[(r + 0) * stride + c];
+            int s_p1 = src[(r + 1) * stride + c];
+            int s_p2 = src[(r + 2) * stride + c];
+            int s_p3 = src[(r + 3) * stride + c];
+            int v = s_m2 - 5 * s_m1 + 20 * s_0 + 20 * s_p1 - 5 * s_p2 + s_p3 + 16;
+            dst[r * stride + c] = (uint8_t) clip_u8(v >> 5);
+        }
+    }
+}

tests/h264_qpel8_mc22_ref.c

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Standalone bit-exact C reference for H.264 luma qpel 8x8 mc22
+ * (2D half-pel, "put" variant).  Cascade of horizontal 6-tap then
+ * vertical 6-tap with INTERMEDIATE 16-bit precision (no per-stage
+ * clip/round), final +512 >> 10 to scale back.
+ *
+ * Per H.264 §8.4.2.2.1, "j" position:
+ *
+ *   tmp[r,c] = s[r,c-2] - 5*s[r,c-1] + 20*s[r,c] + 20*s[r,c+1]
+ *              - 5*s[r,c+2] + s[r,c+3]               (16-bit signed)
+ *
+ *   dst[r,c] = clip255((tmp[r-2,c] - 5*tmp[r-1,c] + 20*tmp[r,c]
+ *                       + 20*tmp[r+1,c] - 5*tmp[r+2,c] + tmp[r+3,c]
+ *                       + 512) >> 10)
+ *
+ * The tmp[] array spans rows r-2 .. r+3 around each output row, so
+ * we need 13 intermediate rows (rows -2..+10 of the SOURCE
+ * neighbourhood) for 8 output rows.  Caller's src must have 2 rows
+ * of top context + 3 rows of bottom context AND 2 cols of left +
+ * 3 cols of right context (FFmpeg's edge-emulated buffer provides
+ * this at the frame boundary; same contract as mc20).
+ *
+ * Mirrors FFmpeg `ff_put_h264_qpel8_mc22_neon` (in
+ * external/ffmpeg-snapshot/libavcodec/aarch64/h264qpel_neon.S
+ * line 710, which tail-calls put_h264_qpel8_hv_lowpass_neon).
+ *
+ * Signature:
+ *   void(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+ *
+ * Same single-stride convention as mc20/mc02.
+ *
+ * License: LGPL-2.1-or-later.
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+static inline int clip_u8(int v) { return v < 0 ? 0 : v > 255 ? 255 : v; }
+
+void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc22_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    /* 13 intermediate rows × 8 cols (for the 8 output rows
+     * dst[0..7][0..7], we need tmp[-2..+10][0..7] — but tmp is
+     * indexed RELATIVE to the output, so tmp_buf[0..12] corresponds
+     * to source rows [-2..+10]). */
+    int16_t tmp[13][8];
+    for (int rr = 0; rr < 13; rr++) {
+        int src_row = rr - 2;  /* maps tmp_buf[0..12] → src rows [-2..+10] */
+        const uint8_t *s = src + src_row * stride;
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) {
+            int v = (int) s[c - 2] - 5 * (int) s[c - 1]
+                  + 20 * (int) s[c] + 20 * (int) s[c + 1]
+                  - 5 * (int) s[c + 2] + (int) s[c + 3];
+            tmp[rr][c] = (int16_t) v;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++) {
+        /* tmp[r-2..r+3] in the output's coord system → tmp_buf[r..r+5]. */
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) {
+            int v = tmp[r + 0][c]                       /* "r-2" + shift 2 */
+                  - 5  * tmp[r + 1][c]                  /* "r-1" */
+                  + 20 * tmp[r + 2][c]                  /* "r+0" */
+                  + 20 * tmp[r + 3][c]                  /* "r+1" */
+                  - 5  * tmp[r + 4][c]                  /* "r+2" */
+                  +      tmp[r + 5][c]                  /* "r+3" */
+                  + 512;
+            dst[r * stride + c] = (uint8_t) clip_u8(v >> 10);
+        }
+    }
+}

tests/h264_qpel8_quarter_axis_ref.c

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Standalone bit-exact C references for the four single-axis quarter-
+ * pel luma qpel positions (H.264 §8.4.2.2.1, "put" variants).  Each
+ * is a half-pel lowpass clipped to u8 followed by an L2 rounded-average
+ * with an integer-position source pixel.
+ *
+ *   mc10 ("a" pos, ¼ horiz): a = clip255(mc20(s)); dst = (a + s[r,c]   + 1) >> 1
+ *   mc30 ("c" pos, ¾ horiz): a = clip255(mc20(s)); dst = (a + s[r,c+1] + 1) >> 1
+ *   mc01 ("d" pos, ¼ vert ): a = clip255(mc02(s)); dst = (a + s[r,  c] + 1) >> 1
+ *   mc03 ("n" pos, ¾ vert ): a = clip255(mc02(s)); dst = (a + s[r+1,c] + 1) >> 1
+ *
+ * Mirror FFmpeg's `ff_put_h264_qpel8_mc{10,30,01,03}_neon` (in
+ * external/ffmpeg-snapshot/libavcodec/aarch64/h264qpel_neon.S
+ * lines 587, 603, 611, 729 — each tail-calls the corresponding
+ * lowpass_l2 helper).
+ *
+ * Same single-stride convention as mc20/mc02 — dst and src share the
+ * same stride; src + src_off points at row 0 col 0 of the output
+ * block, with appropriate edge context already in-buffer.
+ *
+ * License: LGPL-2.1-or-later.
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+static inline int clip_u8(int v) { return v < 0 ? 0 : v > 255 ? 255 : v; }
+
+/* Compute one horizontal half-pel pixel at (r, c) — same as mc20. */
+static inline uint8_t hpel_h(const uint8_t *s, int r, int c, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    int v = (int) s[r*stride + c-2] - 5 * (int) s[r*stride + c-1]
+          + 20 * (int) s[r*stride + c] + 20 * (int) s[r*stride + c+1]
+          - 5 * (int) s[r*stride + c+2] + (int) s[r*stride + c+3]
+          + 16;
+    return (uint8_t) clip_u8(v >> 5);
+}
+
+/* Compute one vertical half-pel pixel at (r, c) — same as mc02. */
+static inline uint8_t hpel_v(const uint8_t *s, int r, int c, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    int v = (int) s[(r-2)*stride + c] - 5 * (int) s[(r-1)*stride + c]
+          + 20 * (int) s[r*stride + c] + 20 * (int) s[(r+1)*stride + c]
+          - 5 * (int) s[(r+2)*stride + c] + (int) s[(r+3)*stride + c]
+          + 16;
+    return (uint8_t) clip_u8(v >> 5);
+}
+
+void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc10_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) {
+            uint8_t a = hpel_h(src, r, c, stride);
+            dst[r*stride + c] = (uint8_t) ((a + src[r*stride + c    ] + 1) >> 1);
+        }
+}
+
+void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc30_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) {
+            uint8_t a = hpel_h(src, r, c, stride);
+            dst[r*stride + c] = (uint8_t) ((a + src[r*stride + c + 1] + 1) >> 1);
+        }
+}
+
+void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc01_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) {
+            uint8_t a = hpel_v(src, r, c, stride);
+            dst[r*stride + c] = (uint8_t) ((a + src[(r    )*stride + c] + 1) >> 1);
+        }
+}
+
+void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc03_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride)
+{
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) {
+            uint8_t a = hpel_v(src, r, c, stride);
+            dst[r*stride + c] = (uint8_t) ((a + src[(r + 1)*stride + c] + 1) >> 1);
+        }
+}

tests/test_api_h264.c

@@ -16,8 +16,59 @@
 
 extern void daedalus_h264_idct_add_ref(uint8_t *dst, int16_t *block, ptrdiff_t stride);
 extern void daedalus_h264_idct8_add_ref(uint8_t *dst, int16_t *block, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_h_loop_filter_luma_ref(uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride,
+                                                   int alpha, int beta, int8_t tc0[4]);
+extern void daedalus_h264_v_loop_filter_chroma_ref(uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride,
+                                                     int alpha, int beta, int8_t tc0[4]);
+extern void daedalus_h264_h_loop_filter_chroma_ref(uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride,
+                                                     int alpha, int beta, int8_t tc0[4]);
+extern void daedalus_h264_v_loop_filter_luma_intra_ref(uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride,
+                                                         int alpha, int beta);
+extern void daedalus_h264_h_loop_filter_luma_intra_ref(uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride,
+                                                         int alpha, int beta);
+extern void daedalus_h264_v_loop_filter_chroma_intra_ref(uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride,
+                                                           int alpha, int beta);
+extern void daedalus_h264_h_loop_filter_chroma_intra_ref(uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride,
+                                                           int alpha, int beta);
 extern void daedalus_h264_v_loop_filter_luma_ref(uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride,
                                                   int alpha, int beta, int8_t tc0[4]);
+extern void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc02_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src,
+                                                ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc22_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src,
+                                                ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc10_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src,
+                                                ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc30_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src,
+                                                ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc01_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src,
+                                                ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc03_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src,
+                                                ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc11_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc12_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc13_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc21_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc23_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc31_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc32_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc33_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc20_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc02_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc22_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc10_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc30_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc01_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc03_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc11_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc12_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc13_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc21_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc23_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc31_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc32_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc33_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc20_ref(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src,
+                                              ptrdiff_t stride);
 
 static uint64_t xs_state = 0xa11264ULL;
 static inline uint64_t xs(void) {
@@ -143,6 +194,483 @@ static int test_deblock(void)
     return diff == 0 ? 0 : 1;
 }
 
+static int test_deblock_h(void)
+{
+    /* Mirror of test_deblock but for the H variant.  Per-tile layout
+     * is now 8 cols x 16 rows (one vertical edge between cols 3 and 4
+     * of the tile); EDGE_COL = 4 puts dst_off at the leftmost output
+     * column of the right block so the kernel's pix[-4..+3] read sits
+     * inside the tile. */
+    enum { N_EDGES = 8, TILE_STRIDE = 8, TILE_ROWS = 16,
+           TILE_BYTES = TILE_STRIDE * TILE_ROWS,
+           TOTAL = N_EDGES * TILE_BYTES, EDGE_COL = 4 };
+    daedalus_ctx *ctx = daedalus_ctx_create();
+    if (!ctx) return 1;
+
+    uint8_t dst[TOTAL], dst_ref[TOTAL];
+    daedalus_h264_deblock_meta meta[N_EDGES];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL; i++) dst[i] = dst_ref[i] = (uint8_t)(xs() & 0xff);
+    for (int i = 0; i < N_EDGES; i++) {
+        meta[i].dst_off = i * TILE_BYTES + EDGE_COL;
+        meta[i].alpha = (int)(xs() % 64) + 1;
+        meta[i].beta  = (int)(xs() % 16) + 1;
+        for (int s = 0; s < 4; s++) {
+            int r = (int)(xs() % 8);
+            meta[i].tc0[s] = (int8_t)(r == 0 ? -1 : (r - 1));
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < N_EDGES; i++) {
+        int8_t tc0_local[4] = { meta[i].tc0[0], meta[i].tc0[1], meta[i].tc0[2], meta[i].tc0[3] };
+        daedalus_h264_h_loop_filter_luma_ref(dst_ref + meta[i].dst_off, TILE_STRIDE,
+                                              meta[i].alpha, meta[i].beta, tc0_local);
+    }
+
+    int rc = daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_deblock_luma_h(ctx, dst, TILE_STRIDE,
+                                                           N_EDGES, meta);
+    if (rc) { fprintf(stderr, "deblock_h dispatch rc=%d\n", rc); return 1; }
+    int diff = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL; i++) if (dst[i] != dst_ref[i]) diff++;
+    printf("  H.264 deblock luma h: %d/%d bytes bit-exact (%.4f%%)\n",
+           TOTAL - diff, TOTAL, 100.0 * (TOTAL - diff) / TOTAL);
+    daedalus_ctx_destroy(ctx);
+    return diff == 0 ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+static int test_deblock_chroma_v(void)
+{
+    /* Chroma V: per-tile 8 cols × 4 rows, edge between rows 1 and 2
+     * (EDGE_ROW=2 lets the kernel read pix[-2..+1]*stride safely). */
+    enum { N_EDGES = 8, TILE_STRIDE = 8, TILE_ROWS = 4,
+           TILE_BYTES = TILE_STRIDE * TILE_ROWS,
+           TOTAL = N_EDGES * TILE_BYTES, EDGE_ROW = 2,
+           EDGE_OFF = EDGE_ROW * TILE_STRIDE };
+    daedalus_ctx *ctx = daedalus_ctx_create();
+    if (!ctx) return 1;
+
+    uint8_t dst[TOTAL], dst_ref[TOTAL];
+    daedalus_h264_deblock_meta meta[N_EDGES];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL; i++) dst[i] = dst_ref[i] = (uint8_t)(xs() & 0xff);
+    for (int i = 0; i < N_EDGES; i++) {
+        meta[i].dst_off = i * TILE_BYTES + EDGE_OFF;
+        meta[i].alpha = (int)(xs() % 64) + 1;
+        meta[i].beta  = (int)(xs() % 16) + 1;
+        for (int s = 0; s < 4; s++) {
+            int r = (int)(xs() % 8);
+            meta[i].tc0[s] = (int8_t)(r == 0 ? -1 : (r - 1));
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < N_EDGES; i++) {
+        int8_t tc0_local[4] = { meta[i].tc0[0], meta[i].tc0[1], meta[i].tc0[2], meta[i].tc0[3] };
+        daedalus_h264_v_loop_filter_chroma_ref(dst_ref + meta[i].dst_off, TILE_STRIDE,
+                                                 meta[i].alpha, meta[i].beta, tc0_local);
+    }
+
+    int rc = daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_deblock_chroma_v(ctx, dst, TILE_STRIDE,
+                                                              N_EDGES, meta);
+    if (rc) { fprintf(stderr, "deblock_chroma_v dispatch rc=%d\n", rc); return 1; }
+    int diff = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL; i++) if (dst[i] != dst_ref[i]) diff++;
+    printf("  H.264 deblock chroma v: %d/%d bytes bit-exact (%.4f%%)\n",
+           TOTAL - diff, TOTAL, 100.0 * (TOTAL - diff) / TOTAL);
+    daedalus_ctx_destroy(ctx);
+    return diff == 0 ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+static int test_deblock_chroma_h(void)
+{
+    /* Chroma H: per-tile 4 cols × 8 rows, edge between cols 1 and 2
+     * (EDGE_COL=2 lets the kernel read pix[-2..+1] safely). */
+    enum { N_EDGES = 8, TILE_STRIDE = 4, TILE_ROWS = 8,
+           TILE_BYTES = TILE_STRIDE * TILE_ROWS,
+           TOTAL = N_EDGES * TILE_BYTES, EDGE_COL = 2 };
+    daedalus_ctx *ctx = daedalus_ctx_create();
+    if (!ctx) return 1;
+
+    uint8_t dst[TOTAL], dst_ref[TOTAL];
+    daedalus_h264_deblock_meta meta[N_EDGES];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL; i++) dst[i] = dst_ref[i] = (uint8_t)(xs() & 0xff);
+    for (int i = 0; i < N_EDGES; i++) {
+        meta[i].dst_off = i * TILE_BYTES + EDGE_COL;
+        meta[i].alpha = (int)(xs() % 64) + 1;
+        meta[i].beta  = (int)(xs() % 16) + 1;
+        for (int s = 0; s < 4; s++) {
+            int r = (int)(xs() % 8);
+            meta[i].tc0[s] = (int8_t)(r == 0 ? -1 : (r - 1));
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < N_EDGES; i++) {
+        int8_t tc0_local[4] = { meta[i].tc0[0], meta[i].tc0[1], meta[i].tc0[2], meta[i].tc0[3] };
+        daedalus_h264_h_loop_filter_chroma_ref(dst_ref + meta[i].dst_off, TILE_STRIDE,
+                                                 meta[i].alpha, meta[i].beta, tc0_local);
+    }
+
+    int rc = daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_deblock_chroma_h(ctx, dst, TILE_STRIDE,
+                                                              N_EDGES, meta);
+    if (rc) { fprintf(stderr, "deblock_chroma_h dispatch rc=%d\n", rc); return 1; }
+    int diff = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL; i++) if (dst[i] != dst_ref[i]) diff++;
+    printf("  H.264 deblock chroma h: %d/%d bytes bit-exact (%.4f%%)\n",
+           TOTAL - diff, TOTAL, 100.0 * (TOTAL - diff) / TOTAL);
+    daedalus_ctx_destroy(ctx);
+    return diff == 0 ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+/* --- bS=4 intra-strength deblock tests ---
+ * Tile geometry per orientation matches the bS<4 variant; only the
+ * dispatch + reference function change.  alpha/beta are non-trivial
+ * (the C ref + NEON both early-return when alpha|beta == 0).
+ */
+typedef struct {
+    const char *name;
+    int n_edges, tile_stride, tile_rows, edge_off;
+    void (*ref)(uint8_t *pix, ptrdiff_t stride, int alpha, int beta);
+    int (*dispatch)(daedalus_ctx *ctx, uint8_t *dst, size_t dst_stride,
+                    size_t n_edges, const daedalus_h264_deblock_meta *meta);
+} intra_test_spec;
+
+static int run_intra_test(const intra_test_spec *t)
+{
+    int total = t->n_edges * t->tile_stride * t->tile_rows;
+    daedalus_ctx *ctx = daedalus_ctx_create();
+    if (!ctx) return 1;
+
+    uint8_t *dst     = malloc((size_t) total);
+    uint8_t *dst_ref = malloc((size_t) total);
+    daedalus_h264_deblock_meta *meta = calloc((size_t) t->n_edges, sizeof(*meta));
+    if (!dst || !dst_ref || !meta) return 1;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < total; i++) dst[i] = dst_ref[i] = (uint8_t)(xs() & 0xff);
+    int tile_bytes = t->tile_stride * t->tile_rows;
+    for (int i = 0; i < t->n_edges; i++) {
+        meta[i].dst_off = (uint32_t)(i * tile_bytes + t->edge_off);
+        meta[i].alpha   = (int)(xs() % 64) + 1;
+        meta[i].beta    = (int)(xs() % 16) + 1;
+        /* tc0[] unused for intra; leave at 0 from calloc. */
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < t->n_edges; i++) {
+        t->ref(dst_ref + meta[i].dst_off,
+               (ptrdiff_t) t->tile_stride,
+               meta[i].alpha, meta[i].beta);
+    }
+    int rc = t->dispatch(ctx, dst, (size_t) t->tile_stride,
+                          (size_t) t->n_edges, meta);
+    if (rc) { fprintf(stderr, "%s dispatch rc=%d\n", t->name, rc); return 1; }
+
+    int diff = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < total; i++) if (dst[i] != dst_ref[i]) diff++;
+    printf("  H.264 deblock %s: %d/%d bytes bit-exact (%.4f%%)\n",
+           t->name, total - diff, total, 100.0 * (total - diff) / total);
+
+    free(meta); free(dst_ref); free(dst);
+    daedalus_ctx_destroy(ctx);
+    return diff == 0 ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+static int test_deblock_intra_all(void)
+{
+    intra_test_spec specs[] = {
+        { "luma v intra",   8, 16,  8, 4 * 16,
+            daedalus_h264_v_loop_filter_luma_intra_ref,
+            daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_deblock_luma_v_intra },
+        { "luma h intra",   8,  8, 16, 4,
+            daedalus_h264_h_loop_filter_luma_intra_ref,
+            daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_deblock_luma_h_intra },
+        { "chroma v intra", 8,  8,  4, 2 * 8,
+            daedalus_h264_v_loop_filter_chroma_intra_ref,
+            daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_deblock_chroma_v_intra },
+        { "chroma h intra", 8,  4,  8, 2,
+            daedalus_h264_h_loop_filter_chroma_intra_ref,
+            daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_deblock_chroma_h_intra },
+    };
+    int fail = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(specs)/sizeof(specs[0]); i++)
+        fail |= run_intra_test(&specs[i]);
+    return fail;
+}
+
+static int test_qpel_mc20(void)
+{
+    /* Cycle 9 — one 8x8 block per 16-wide row-tile, 8 tiles. Each tile
+     * holds rows 0..7; src[c-2..c+3] read via SRC_COL offset matches the
+     * cycle-9 bench convention so the same C reference and NEON .S can
+     * be compared. */
+    enum { N = 8, TILE_STRIDE = 16, TILE_ROWS = 8,
+           TILE_BYTES = TILE_ROWS * TILE_STRIDE, TOTAL = N * TILE_BYTES,
+           SRC_COL = 3 };
+    daedalus_ctx *ctx = daedalus_ctx_create();
+    if (!ctx) return 1;
+
+    uint8_t src[TOTAL], dst[TOTAL], dst_ref[TOTAL];
+    daedalus_h264_qpel_meta meta[N];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL; i++) src[i] = (uint8_t)(xs() & 0xff);
+    memset(dst, 0, sizeof(dst));
+    memset(dst_ref, 0, sizeof(dst_ref));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+        meta[i].src_off = (uint32_t)(i * TILE_BYTES + SRC_COL);
+        meta[i].dst_off = (uint32_t)(i * TILE_BYTES + SRC_COL);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
+        daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc20_ref(dst_ref + meta[i].dst_off,
+                                          src + meta[i].src_off,
+                                          TILE_STRIDE);
+
+    int rc = daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc20(ctx, dst, src,
+                                                      TILE_STRIDE, N, meta);
+    if (rc) { fprintf(stderr, "qpel_mc20 dispatch rc=%d\n", rc); return 1; }
+    int diff = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL; i++) if (dst[i] != dst_ref[i]) diff++;
+    printf("  H.264 qpel mc20: %d/%d bytes bit-exact (%.4f%%)\n",
+           TOTAL - diff, TOTAL, 100.0 * (TOTAL - diff) / TOTAL);
+    daedalus_ctx_destroy(ctx);
+    return diff == 0 ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+static int test_qpel_mc02(void)
+{
+    /* mc02: vertical 6-tap.  Tile is 16 cols × 16 rows so the kernel
+     * can read rows [SRC_ROW-2 .. SRC_ROW+7+3] inside the buffer.
+     * SRC_ROW = 3 leaves rows -2..-1 above the output (rows 1..2 of
+     * the tile) and rows 8..10 below (rows 11..13). */
+    enum { N = 8, TILE_STRIDE = 16, TILE_ROWS = 16,
+           TILE_BYTES = TILE_ROWS * TILE_STRIDE, TOTAL = N * TILE_BYTES,
+           SRC_ROW = 3 };
+    daedalus_ctx *ctx = daedalus_ctx_create();
+    if (!ctx) return 1;
+
+    uint8_t src[TOTAL], dst[TOTAL], dst_ref[TOTAL];
+    daedalus_h264_qpel_meta meta[N];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL; i++) src[i] = (uint8_t)(xs() & 0xff);
+    memset(dst, 0, sizeof(dst));
+    memset(dst_ref, 0, sizeof(dst_ref));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+        meta[i].src_off = (uint32_t)(i * TILE_BYTES + SRC_ROW * TILE_STRIDE);
+        meta[i].dst_off = (uint32_t)(i * TILE_BYTES + SRC_ROW * TILE_STRIDE);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
+        daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc02_ref(dst_ref + meta[i].dst_off,
+                                          src + meta[i].src_off,
+                                          TILE_STRIDE);
+
+    int rc = daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc02(ctx, dst, src,
+                                                      TILE_STRIDE, N, meta);
+    if (rc) { fprintf(stderr, "qpel_mc02 dispatch rc=%d\n", rc); return 1; }
+    int diff = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL; i++) if (dst[i] != dst_ref[i]) diff++;
+    printf("  H.264 qpel mc02: %d/%d bytes bit-exact (%.4f%%)\n",
+           TOTAL - diff, TOTAL, 100.0 * (TOTAL - diff) / TOTAL);
+    daedalus_ctx_destroy(ctx);
+    return diff == 0 ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+static int test_qpel_mc22(void)
+{
+    /* mc22: 2D HV lowpass.  Needs 2 cols left + 3 cols right + 2 rows
+     * top + 3 rows bottom of context per 8x8 output.  Tile is 16x16
+     * with output positioned at (SRC_ROW=3, SRC_COL=3) so the read
+     * range [SRC_*-2 .. SRC_*+7+3] stays inside the tile. */
+    enum { N = 8, TILE_STRIDE = 16, TILE_ROWS = 16,
+           TILE_BYTES = TILE_ROWS * TILE_STRIDE, TOTAL = N * TILE_BYTES,
+           SRC_ROW = 3, SRC_COL = 3 };
+    daedalus_ctx *ctx = daedalus_ctx_create();
+    if (!ctx) return 1;
+
+    uint8_t src[TOTAL], dst[TOTAL], dst_ref[TOTAL];
+    daedalus_h264_qpel_meta meta[N];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL; i++) src[i] = (uint8_t)(xs() & 0xff);
+    memset(dst, 0, sizeof(dst));
+    memset(dst_ref, 0, sizeof(dst_ref));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+        meta[i].src_off = (uint32_t)(i * TILE_BYTES + SRC_ROW * TILE_STRIDE + SRC_COL);
+        meta[i].dst_off = (uint32_t)(i * TILE_BYTES + SRC_ROW * TILE_STRIDE + SRC_COL);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
+        daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc22_ref(dst_ref + meta[i].dst_off,
+                                          src + meta[i].src_off,
+                                          TILE_STRIDE);
+
+    int rc = daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc22(ctx, dst, src,
+                                                      TILE_STRIDE, N, meta);
+    if (rc) { fprintf(stderr, "qpel_mc22 dispatch rc=%d\n", rc); return 1; }
+    int diff = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL; i++) if (dst[i] != dst_ref[i]) diff++;
+    printf("  H.264 qpel mc22: %d/%d bytes bit-exact (%.4f%%)\n",
+           TOTAL - diff, TOTAL, 100.0 * (TOTAL - diff) / TOTAL);
+    daedalus_ctx_destroy(ctx);
+    return diff == 0 ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+/* Generic harness for the 4 single-axis quarter-pel positions; same
+ * tile geometry as mc22 since each one reads the largest of the H/V
+ * lowpass windows (mc10/mc30 need cols -2..+3, mc01/mc03 need rows
+ * -2..+3 OR +1..+3 on the integer side). */
+typedef void (*qpel_ref_fn)(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t stride);
+typedef int  (*qpel_dispatch_fn)(daedalus_ctx *ctx, uint8_t *dst,
+                                  const uint8_t *src, size_t stride,
+                                  size_t n_blocks, const daedalus_h264_qpel_meta *meta);
+
+static int run_quarter_axis_qpel(const char *name,
+                                  qpel_ref_fn ref, qpel_dispatch_fn dispatch)
+{
+    enum { N = 8, TILE_STRIDE = 16, TILE_ROWS = 16,
+           TILE_BYTES = TILE_ROWS * TILE_STRIDE, TOTAL = N * TILE_BYTES,
+           SRC_ROW = 3, SRC_COL = 3 };
+    daedalus_ctx *ctx = daedalus_ctx_create();
+    if (!ctx) return 1;
+
+    uint8_t src[TOTAL], dst[TOTAL], dst_ref[TOTAL];
+    daedalus_h264_qpel_meta meta[N];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL; i++) src[i] = (uint8_t)(xs() & 0xff);
+    memset(dst, 0, sizeof(dst));
+    memset(dst_ref, 0, sizeof(dst_ref));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+        meta[i].src_off = (uint32_t)(i * TILE_BYTES + SRC_ROW * TILE_STRIDE + SRC_COL);
+        meta[i].dst_off = (uint32_t)(i * TILE_BYTES + SRC_ROW * TILE_STRIDE + SRC_COL);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
+        ref(dst_ref + meta[i].dst_off, src + meta[i].src_off, TILE_STRIDE);
+
+    int rc = dispatch(ctx, dst, src, TILE_STRIDE, N, meta);
+    if (rc) { fprintf(stderr, "%s dispatch rc=%d\n", name, rc); return 1; }
+    int diff = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL; i++) if (dst[i] != dst_ref[i]) diff++;
+    printf("  H.264 qpel %s: %d/%d bytes bit-exact (%.4f%%)\n",
+           name, TOTAL - diff, TOTAL, 100.0 * (TOTAL - diff) / TOTAL);
+    daedalus_ctx_destroy(ctx);
+    return diff == 0 ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+static int test_qpel_quarter_axis_all(void)
+{
+    int fail = 0;
+    fail |= run_quarter_axis_qpel("mc10", daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc10_ref,
+                                          daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc10);
+    fail |= run_quarter_axis_qpel("mc30", daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc30_ref,
+                                          daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc30);
+    fail |= run_quarter_axis_qpel("mc01", daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc01_ref,
+                                          daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc01);
+    fail |= run_quarter_axis_qpel("mc03", daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc03_ref,
+                                          daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc03);
+    return fail;
+}
+
+static int test_qpel_diag_all(void)
+{
+    /* Diagonal positions need TWO half-pel intermediates per output;
+     * some of them read at (r+1,c) or (r,c+1) so the test geometry
+     * needs an extra row + col of context.  run_quarter_axis_qpel
+     * already provides plenty (SRC_ROW=3, SRC_COL=3, 16x16 tile)
+     * — reusing that harness is fine. */
+    int fail = 0;
+    fail |= run_quarter_axis_qpel("mc11", daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc11_ref,
+                                          daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc11);
+    fail |= run_quarter_axis_qpel("mc12", daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc12_ref,
+                                          daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc12);
+    fail |= run_quarter_axis_qpel("mc13", daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc13_ref,
+                                          daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc13);
+    fail |= run_quarter_axis_qpel("mc21", daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc21_ref,
+                                          daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc21);
+    fail |= run_quarter_axis_qpel("mc23", daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc23_ref,
+                                          daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc23);
+    fail |= run_quarter_axis_qpel("mc31", daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc31_ref,
+                                          daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc31);
+    fail |= run_quarter_axis_qpel("mc32", daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc32_ref,
+                                          daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc32);
+    fail |= run_quarter_axis_qpel("mc33", daedalus_put_h264_qpel8_mc33_ref,
+                                          daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_mc33);
+    return fail;
+}
+
+/* Avg-form harness: pre-loads dst + dst_ref with the same random
+ * content so we can verify the L2 averaging is happening (not just
+ * put_-style overwrite).  If the dispatch incorrectly overwrote
+ * dst, the bit-exact compare would still catch the mismatch against
+ * the avg_ reference. */
+static int run_avg_qpel(const char *name,
+                         qpel_ref_fn ref, qpel_dispatch_fn dispatch)
+{
+    enum { N = 8, TILE_STRIDE = 16, TILE_ROWS = 16,
+           TILE_BYTES = TILE_ROWS * TILE_STRIDE, TOTAL = N * TILE_BYTES,
+           SRC_ROW = 3, SRC_COL = 3 };
+    daedalus_ctx *ctx = daedalus_ctx_create();
+    if (!ctx) return 1;
+
+    uint8_t src[TOTAL], dst[TOTAL], dst_ref[TOTAL];
+    daedalus_h264_qpel_meta meta[N];
+
+    /* Two random buffers: src for the qpel input, dst seeded with
+     * different random content as the "list0 prediction" — both
+     * dst and dst_ref get the SAME seed so the avg compare is fair. */
+    for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL; i++) src[i] = (uint8_t)(xs() & 0xff);
+    for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL; i++) {
+        uint8_t v = (uint8_t)(xs() & 0xff);
+        dst[i] = dst_ref[i] = v;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+        meta[i].src_off = (uint32_t)(i * TILE_BYTES + SRC_ROW * TILE_STRIDE + SRC_COL);
+        meta[i].dst_off = (uint32_t)(i * TILE_BYTES + SRC_ROW * TILE_STRIDE + SRC_COL);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
+        ref(dst_ref + meta[i].dst_off, src + meta[i].src_off, TILE_STRIDE);
+
+    int rc = dispatch(ctx, dst, src, TILE_STRIDE, N, meta);
+    if (rc) { fprintf(stderr, "%s dispatch rc=%d\n", name, rc); return 1; }
+    int diff = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL; i++) if (dst[i] != dst_ref[i]) diff++;
+    printf("  H.264 qpel %s: %d/%d bytes bit-exact (%.4f%%)\n",
+           name, TOTAL - diff, TOTAL, 100.0 * (TOTAL - diff) / TOTAL);
+    daedalus_ctx_destroy(ctx);
+    return diff == 0 ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+static int test_qpel_avg_anchors(void)
+{
+    int fail = 0;
+    fail |= run_avg_qpel("avg_mc20", daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc20_ref,
+                                      daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_avg_mc20);
+    fail |= run_avg_qpel("avg_mc02", daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc02_ref,
+                                      daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_avg_mc02);
+    fail |= run_avg_qpel("avg_mc22", daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_mc22_ref,
+                                      daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_avg_mc22);
+    return fail;
+}
+
+static int test_qpel_avg_rest(void)
+{
+    int fail = 0;
+    /* Ref fns are named daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_<mcXX>_ref (no
+     * second "avg_"); dispatch fns are named ..._avg_mcXX.  Macro
+     * builds both from the bare mcXX name. */
+#define RUN(MC) fail |= run_avg_qpel("avg_" #MC, \
+            daedalus_avg_h264_qpel8_ ## MC ## _ref, \
+            daedalus_recipe_dispatch_h264_qpel_avg_ ## MC)
+    RUN(mc10); RUN(mc30); RUN(mc01); RUN(mc03);
+    RUN(mc11); RUN(mc12); RUN(mc13);
+    RUN(mc21); RUN(mc23);
+    RUN(mc31); RUN(mc32); RUN(mc33);
+#undef RUN
+    return fail;
+}
+
 int main(void)
 {
     printf("=== Phase 8a API smoke: H.264 kernels via recipe dispatch ===\n");
@@ -152,10 +680,32 @@ int main(void)
            (int) daedalus_recipe_substrate_for(DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_IDCT8));
     printf("  H264_DEBLOCK_LV recipe substrate: %d\n",
            (int) daedalus_recipe_substrate_for(DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_DEBLOCK_LV));
+    printf("  H264_QPEL_MC20 recipe substrate:  %d\n",
+           (int) daedalus_recipe_substrate_for(DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_QPEL_MC20));
+
+    printf("  H264_DEBLOCK_LH recipe substrate: %d\n",
+           (int) daedalus_recipe_substrate_for(DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_DEBLOCK_LH));
+    printf("  H264_DEBLOCK_CV recipe substrate: %d\n",
+           (int) daedalus_recipe_substrate_for(DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_DEBLOCK_CV));
+    printf("  H264_DEBLOCK_CH recipe substrate: %d\n",
+           (int) daedalus_recipe_substrate_for(DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_DEBLOCK_CH));
+    printf("  H264_DEBLOCK_*_INTRA recipe substrate: %d (bS=4 family, all on QPU)\n",
+           (int) daedalus_recipe_substrate_for(DAEDALUS_KERNEL_H264_DEBLOCK_LV_INTRA));
 
     int fail = 0;
     fail |= test_idct4();
     fail |= test_idct8();
     fail |= test_deblock();
+    fail |= test_deblock_h();
+    fail |= test_deblock_chroma_v();
+    fail |= test_deblock_chroma_h();
+    fail |= test_deblock_intra_all();
+    fail |= test_qpel_mc20();
+    fail |= test_qpel_mc02();
+    fail |= test_qpel_mc22();
+    fail |= test_qpel_quarter_axis_all();
+    fail |= test_qpel_diag_all();
+    fail |= test_qpel_avg_anchors();
+    fail |= test_qpel_avg_rest();
     return fail;
 }

tests/test_chroma_dc_hadamard.c

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/*
+ * Tests the H.264 chroma DC 2x2 Hadamard primitive against
+ * spec-derived expected outputs.
+ *
+ *   f[0,0] = c[0,0] + c[0,1] + c[1,0] + c[1,1]    "sum"
+ *   f[0,1] = c[0,0] - c[0,1] + c[1,0] - c[1,1]    "col-diff"
+ *   f[1,0] = c[0,0] + c[0,1] - c[1,0] - c[1,1]    "row-diff"
+ *   f[1,1] = c[0,0] - c[0,1] - c[1,0] + c[1,1]    "anti-diag"
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+extern void daedalus_h264_chroma_dc_hadamard_2x2_ref(int16_t c[4]);
+extern void daedalus_h264_chroma_dc_hadamard_2x2(int16_t c[4]);  /* public API */
+
+static int check(const char *name, int16_t in[4], int16_t expect[4])
+{
+    int16_t c[4]; memcpy(c, in, sizeof(c));
+    daedalus_h264_chroma_dc_hadamard_2x2_ref(c);
+    int fail = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        if (c[i] != expect[i]) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%s: c[%d] = %d, expected %d\n",
+                    name, i, c[i], expect[i]);
+            fail = 1;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!fail) printf("  %-32s PASS\n", name);
+    else       printf("  %-32s FAIL\n", name);
+    return fail;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    int fail = 0;
+
+    /* Test 1: All-same input.
+     *   c = [5, 5, 5, 5]
+     *   f[0,0] = 20, f[0,1] = 0, f[1,0] = 0, f[1,1] = 0
+     */
+    { int16_t in[4] = { 5, 5, 5, 5 };
+      int16_t ex[4] = { 20, 0, 0, 0 };
+      fail |= check("all-uniform 5", in, ex); }
+
+    /* Test 2: Single-axis variation (col 1 = 0, col 2 = 10).
+     *   c = [0, 10, 0, 10]
+     *   f[0,0] = 0+10+0+10 = 20
+     *   f[0,1] = 0-10+0-10 = -20
+     *   f[1,0] = 0+10-0-10 = 0
+     *   f[1,1] = 0-10-0+10 = 0
+     */
+    { int16_t in[4] = { 0, 10, 0, 10 };
+      int16_t ex[4] = { 20, -20, 0, 0 };
+      fail |= check("col gradient [0,10,0,10]", in, ex); }
+
+    /* Test 3: Row gradient.
+     *   c = [0, 0, 10, 10]
+     *   f[0,0] = 20, f[0,1] = 0, f[1,0] = 0-20 = -20, f[1,1] = 0
+     */
+    { int16_t in[4] = { 0, 0, 10, 10 };
+      int16_t ex[4] = { 20, 0, -20, 0 };
+      fail |= check("row gradient [0,0,10,10]", in, ex); }
+
+    /* Test 4: Anti-diagonal pattern.
+     *   c = [10, 0, 0, 10]
+     *   f[0,0] = 20
+     *   f[0,1] = 10-0+0-10 = 0
+     *   f[1,0] = 10+0-0-10 = 0
+     *   f[1,1] = 10-0-0+10 = 20
+     */
+    { int16_t in[4] = { 10, 0, 0, 10 };
+      int16_t ex[4] = { 20, 0, 0, 20 };
+      fail |= check("anti-diagonal [10,0,0,10]", in, ex); }
+
+    /* Test 5: Asymmetric — all bands non-zero.
+     *   c = [1, 2, 3, 4]
+     *   f[0,0] = 10
+     *   f[0,1] = 1-2+3-4 = -2
+     *   f[1,0] = 1+2-3-4 = -4
+     *   f[1,1] = 1-2-3+4 = 0
+     */
+    { int16_t in[4] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+      int16_t ex[4] = { 10, -2, -4, 0 };
+      fail |= check("asymmetric [1,2,3,4]", in, ex); }
+
+    /* Test 6: Negative inputs (Hadamard is linear, so signs preserve).
+     *   c = [-5, 5, -5, 5]
+     *   f[0,0] = -5+5-5+5 = 0
+     *   f[0,1] = -5-5-5-5 = -20
+     *   f[1,0] = -5+5+5-5 = 0
+     *   f[1,1] = -5-5+5+5 = 0
+     */
+    { int16_t in[4] = { -5, 5, -5, 5 };
+      int16_t ex[4] = { 0, -20, 0, 0 };
+      fail |= check("sign-alternating [-5,5,-5,5]", in, ex); }
+
+    /* Test 7: Inverse-property check.  H * H = 4*I for the unscaled
+     * 2x2 Hadamard.  So applying twice multiplies each by 4.
+     *   c = [1, 2, 3, 4]
+     *   First Hadamard:  [10, -2, -4, 0]
+     *   Second Hadamard: [4, 8, 12, 16]
+     */
+    { int16_t in[4] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+      int16_t ex[4] = { 4, 8, 12, 16 };
+      int16_t c[4]; memcpy(c, in, sizeof(c));
+      daedalus_h264_chroma_dc_hadamard_2x2_ref(c);
+      daedalus_h264_chroma_dc_hadamard_2x2_ref(c);
+      int local_fail = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) if (c[i] != ex[i]) local_fail = 1;
+      printf("  %-32s %s\n", "double-Hadamard = 4*orig",
+             local_fail ? "FAIL" : "PASS");
+      fail |= local_fail;
+    }
+
+    /* Test 8: public API parity.  The public symbol must produce
+     * byte-identical output to the test-only ref for the same input.
+     * If the src/ Hadamard ever drifts from the spec, this catches it. */
+    {
+        int16_t input[4] = { 7, -11, 23, -42 };
+        int16_t a[4], b[4];
+        memcpy(a, input, sizeof(a));
+        memcpy(b, input, sizeof(b));
+        daedalus_h264_chroma_dc_hadamard_2x2_ref(a);
+        daedalus_h264_chroma_dc_hadamard_2x2(b);
+        int local_fail = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) if (a[i] != b[i]) local_fail = 1;
+        printf("  %-32s %s\n", "public API parity vs _ref",
+               local_fail ? "FAIL" : "PASS");
+        fail |= local_fail;
+    }
+
+    if (fail == 0) printf("\nALL chroma DC Hadamard tests PASS\n");
+    else           fprintf(stderr, "\n%d test(s) FAILED\n", fail);
+    return fail ? 1 : 0;
+}

tests/test_intra_pred_16x16.c

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+/*
+ * Tests the 4 H.264 Intra_16x16 luma prediction modes against
+ * spec-derived expected patterns.  Same layout as the 4x4 test:
+ * a buffer that holds the 16x16 output plus 1-pixel top/left
+ * context and 1-pixel top-left corner.
+ *
+ *   row  0: [tl][t0..t15]
+ *   row  1: [l0][output row 0]
+ *   row  2: [l1][output row 1]
+ *   ...
+ *   row 16: [l15][output row 15]
+ *
+ * Buffer dimensions: 17 rows × 17 cols, total 289 bytes.
+ * dst (passed to the pred fns) points at row 1 col 1.
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_16x16_vertical(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_16x16_horizontal(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_16x16_dc(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_16x16_plane(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+
+#define STRIDE 17
+#define ROWS   17
+
+static void set_ctx(uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE], int tl,
+                     const int t[16], const int l[16])
+{
+    for (int r = 0; r < ROWS; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < STRIDE; c++) buf[r][c] = 0xff;
+    buf[0][0] = (uint8_t) tl;
+    for (int c = 0; c < 16; c++) buf[0][1 + c] = (uint8_t) t[c];
+    for (int r = 0; r < 16; r++) buf[1 + r][0] = (uint8_t) l[r];
+}
+
+static int check(const uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE], const char *name,
+                  uint8_t (*expect_at)(int r, int c, void *), void *cookie)
+{
+    int diff = 0;
+    int first_r = 0, first_c = 0, first_got = 0, first_exp = 0;
+    for (int r = 0; r < 16; r++) {
+        for (int c = 0; c < 16; c++) {
+            uint8_t got = buf[1 + r][1 + c];
+            uint8_t exp = expect_at(r, c, cookie);
+            if (got != exp) {
+                if (diff == 0) {
+                    first_r = r; first_c = c;
+                    first_got = got; first_exp = exp;
+                }
+                diff++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (diff == 0)
+        printf("  %-30s PASS\n", name);
+    else
+        printf("  %-30s FAIL (%d/256 wrong, first r=%d c=%d got=%u exp=%u)\n",
+               name, diff, first_r, first_c, first_got, first_exp);
+    return diff == 0 ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+/* Expectation helpers for each mode. */
+static uint8_t expect_uniform(int r, int c, void *cookie)
+{ (void)r; (void)c; return *(uint8_t *)cookie; }
+
+struct vertical_ctx { const int *t; };
+static uint8_t expect_vertical(int r, int c, void *cookie)
+{ (void)r; return (uint8_t) ((struct vertical_ctx *)cookie)->t[c]; }
+
+struct horizontal_ctx { const int *l; };
+static uint8_t expect_horizontal(int r, int c, void *cookie)
+{ (void)c; return (uint8_t) ((struct horizontal_ctx *)cookie)->l[r]; }
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    int fail = 0;
+
+    /* --- Mode 0 Vertical: each col = top[col] --- */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE];
+        int t[16], l[16];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) { t[i] = 10 + i; l[i] = 0; }
+        set_ctx(buf, 0, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_16x16_vertical(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        struct vertical_ctx vc = { t };
+        fail |= check(buf, "Vertical (mode 0)", expect_vertical, &vc);
+    }
+
+    /* --- Mode 1 Horizontal: each row = left[row] --- */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE];
+        int t[16] = {0}, l[16];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) l[i] = 50 + i;
+        set_ctx(buf, 0, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_16x16_horizontal(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        struct horizontal_ctx hc = { l };
+        fail |= check(buf, "Horizontal (mode 1)", expect_horizontal, &hc);
+    }
+
+    /* --- Mode 2 DC: ((sum + 16) >> 5) --- */
+    /* All top = 2, all left = 6: sum = 32 + 96 = 128, +16 = 144,
+     * >>5 = 144/32 = 4. */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE];
+        int t[16], l[16];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) { t[i] = 2; l[i] = 6; }
+        set_ctx(buf, 99, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_16x16_dc(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        uint8_t exp_val = 4;
+        fail |= check(buf, "DC (mode 2)", expect_uniform, &exp_val);
+    }
+
+    /* --- Mode 3 Plane: uniform neighbours → uniform output --- */
+    /* H=V=0 when neighbours are uniform.  a = 16*(p+p) = 32p.
+     * pred[y][x] = (32p + 0 + 0 + 16) >> 5 = (32p + 16) >> 5 = p
+     * (exact integer for any p, since 32p/32 = p and +16/32 = 0).
+     * Verifies the orientation-free portion of the formula. */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE];
+        int t[16], l[16];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) { t[i] = 100; l[i] = 100; }
+        set_ctx(buf, 100, t, l);   /* uniform tl too — H/V sums actually zero */
+        daedalus_h264_pred_16x16_plane(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        uint8_t exp_val = 100;
+        fail |= check(buf, "Plane (mode 3, uniform)", expect_uniform, &exp_val);
+    }
+
+    /* --- Mode 3 Plane: gradient sanity ---
+     * Top row = 0..15 (gradient), left col = 0..15, tl = 0.
+     *   H = sum_{i=0..7} (i+1) * (t[8+i] - t[6-i] for i<7; or t[15]-tl=15 for i=7)
+     *     = 1*(8-6) + 2*(9-5) + 3*(10-4) + 4*(11-3) + 5*(12-2) + 6*(13-1)
+     *       + 7*(14-0) + 8*(15-0)
+     *     = 2 + 8 + 18 + 32 + 50 + 72 + 98 + 120 = 400
+     *   V = same shape on left col = 400
+     *   b = (5*400 + 32) >> 6 = 2032 >> 6 = 31
+     *   c = (5*400 + 32) >> 6 = 31
+     *   a = 16 * (l[15] + t[15]) = 16 * (15 + 15) = 480
+     *   pred[0][0] = (480 + 31*(-7) + 31*(-7) + 16) >> 5
+     *              = (480 - 217 - 217 + 16) >> 5
+     *              = 62 >> 5 = 1
+     *   pred[15][15] = (480 + 31*8 + 31*8 + 16) >> 5
+     *                = (480 + 248 + 248 + 16) >> 5
+     *                = 992 >> 5 = 31
+     * Just spot-check those two corners. */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE];
+        int t[16], l[16];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) { t[i] = i; l[i] = i; }
+        set_ctx(buf, 0, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_16x16_plane(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        uint8_t tl_actual = buf[1 + 0][1 + 0];
+        uint8_t br_actual = buf[1 + 15][1 + 15];
+        int spot_fail = 0;
+        if (tl_actual != 1)  { fprintf(stderr, "Plane gradient pred[0][0] = %u, expected 1\n", tl_actual); spot_fail = 1; }
+        if (br_actual != 31) { fprintf(stderr, "Plane gradient pred[15][15] = %u, expected 31\n", br_actual); spot_fail = 1; }
+        if (!spot_fail) printf("  %-30s PASS (corners 1, 31)\n", "Plane (mode 3, gradient)");
+        else            printf("  %-30s FAIL\n", "Plane (mode 3, gradient)");
+        fail |= spot_fail;
+    }
+
+    if (fail == 0) printf("\nALL Intra_16x16 mode references PASS\n");
+    else           fprintf(stderr, "\n%d test(s) FAILED\n", fail);
+    return fail ? 1 : 0;
+}

tests/test_intra_pred_4x4.c

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+/*
+ * Tests the 9 H.264 Intra_4x4 luma prediction modes against
+ * spec-derived expected patterns.  Goal: catch any mistake in
+ * the reference (sign / shift / table mapping) before it lands
+ * downstream.  Each mode is exercised with a deterministic
+ * neighbour context and checked against a hand-computed (or
+ * spec-derived) expected 4x4 output.
+ *
+ * The test buffer layout reserves a 1-pixel top/left context border
+ * + a 4-pixel top-right (for modes 3 / 7):
+ *
+ *   row 0: [tl][t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7]   <- TOP_STRIDE = 9 bytes
+ *   row 1: [l0][  4x4 output goes here   ]
+ *   row 2: [l1][                         ]
+ *   row 3: [l2][                         ]
+ *   row 4: [l3][                         ]
+ *
+ * dst (passed to the pred fns) points at row 1 col 1.
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_vertical(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_horizontal(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_dc(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_ddl(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_ddr(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_vr(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_hd(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_vl(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_hu(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+
+#define STRIDE 9
+typedef void (*pred_fn)(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+
+/* Set up the buffer: 5 rows × STRIDE cols.
+ * top-left = tl, top[0..7] = t[0..7], left[0..3] = l[0..3].
+ * The 4x4 output region (rows 1..4, cols 1..4) is filled with 0xff
+ * sentinels so any unwritten cell shows up as 255 in the compare. */
+static void set_ctx(uint8_t buf[5][STRIDE], int tl, const int t[8], const int l[4])
+{
+    for (int r = 0; r < 5; r++) for (int c = 0; c < STRIDE; c++) buf[r][c] = 0xff;
+    buf[0][0] = (uint8_t) tl;
+    for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) buf[0][1 + c] = (uint8_t) t[c];
+    for (int r = 0; r < 4; r++) buf[1 + r][0] = (uint8_t) l[r];
+}
+
+static int check(const uint8_t buf[5][STRIDE], const char *name,
+                  const uint8_t expect[4][4])
+{
+    int diff = 0;
+    for (int r = 0; r < 4; r++) {
+        for (int c = 0; c < 4; c++) {
+            uint8_t got = buf[1 + r][1 + c];
+            uint8_t exp = expect[r][c];
+            if (got != exp) {
+                if (diff == 0)
+                    fprintf(stderr,
+                            "%s: first mismatch r=%d c=%d got=%u exp=%u\n",
+                            name, r, c, got, exp);
+                diff++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (diff == 0)
+        printf("  %-26s PASS\n", name);
+    else
+        printf("  %-26s FAIL (%d/16 bytes wrong)\n", name, diff);
+    return diff == 0 ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    int fail = 0;
+
+    /* Mode 0 — Vertical: each col = top[col]. */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[5][STRIDE];
+        int tl = 0;
+        int t[8] = { 10, 20, 30, 40,  0, 0, 0, 0 };
+        int l[4] = {  0,  0,  0,  0 };
+        set_ctx(buf, tl, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_vertical(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        uint8_t exp[4][4] = {
+            {10,20,30,40}, {10,20,30,40}, {10,20,30,40}, {10,20,30,40}
+        };
+        fail |= check(buf, "Vertical (mode 0)", exp);
+    }
+
+    /* Mode 1 — Horizontal: each row = left[row]. */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[5][STRIDE];
+        int t[8] = { 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0 };
+        int l[4] = { 50, 60, 70, 80 };
+        set_ctx(buf, 0, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_horizontal(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        uint8_t exp[4][4] = {
+            {50,50,50,50}, {60,60,60,60}, {70,70,70,70}, {80,80,80,80}
+        };
+        fail |= check(buf, "Horizontal (mode 1)", exp);
+    }
+
+    /* Mode 2 — DC: all 8 neighbours valid → ((sum + 4) >> 3) broadcast.
+     * top sum = 4*1 = 4, left sum = 4*3 = 12, total 16, +4 = 20,
+     * >>3 = 2. */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[5][STRIDE];
+        int t[8] = { 1,1,1,1, 0,0,0,0 };
+        int l[4] = { 3,3,3,3 };
+        set_ctx(buf, 99, t, l);   /* tl unused for DC */
+        daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_dc(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        uint8_t exp[4][4] = {
+            {2,2,2,2}, {2,2,2,2}, {2,2,2,2}, {2,2,2,2}
+        };
+        fail |= check(buf, "DC (mode 2)", exp);
+    }
+
+    /* Mode 3 — Diagonal_Down_Left: zz[i] = avg3(t[i], t[i+1], t[i+2]);
+     * dst[r][c] = zz[c + r].
+     * With all t[]=100 → all zz=100 → all dst=100. */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[5][STRIDE];
+        int t[8] = { 100,100,100,100, 100,100,100,100 };
+        int l[4] = { 0,0,0,0 };
+        set_ctx(buf, 0, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_ddl(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        uint8_t exp[4][4] = {
+            {100,100,100,100}, {100,100,100,100},
+            {100,100,100,100}, {100,100,100,100}
+        };
+        fail |= check(buf, "DiagDownLeft (mode 3)", exp);
+    }
+
+    /* Mode 4 — Diagonal_Down_Right: zz[c-r] with c-r ∈ {-3..+3}.
+     * If all 9 surrounding pixels = 200 → all zz = 200 → all dst = 200. */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[5][STRIDE];
+        int t[8] = { 200,200,200,200, 0,0,0,0 };
+        int l[4] = { 200,200,200,200 };
+        set_ctx(buf, 200, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_ddr(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        uint8_t exp[4][4] = {
+            {200,200,200,200}, {200,200,200,200},
+            {200,200,200,200}, {200,200,200,200}
+        };
+        fail |= check(buf, "DiagDownRight (mode 4)", exp);
+    }
+
+    /* Mode 5 — Vertical_Right. With all neighbours = 80 the 3-tap
+     * (a+2b+c+2)>>2 and 2-tap (a+b+1)>>1 both yield 80. */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[5][STRIDE];
+        int t[8] = { 80,80,80,80, 0,0,0,0 };
+        int l[4] = { 80,80,80,80 };
+        set_ctx(buf, 80, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_vr(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        uint8_t exp[4][4] = {
+            {80,80,80,80}, {80,80,80,80}, {80,80,80,80}, {80,80,80,80}
+        };
+        fail |= check(buf, "VerticalRight (mode 5)", exp);
+    }
+
+    /* Mode 6 — Horizontal_Down.  Same uniform-context degenerate case. */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[5][STRIDE];
+        int t[8] = { 120,120,120,120, 0,0,0,0 };
+        int l[4] = { 120,120,120,120 };
+        set_ctx(buf, 120, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_hd(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        uint8_t exp[4][4] = {
+            {120,120,120,120}, {120,120,120,120},
+            {120,120,120,120}, {120,120,120,120}
+        };
+        fail |= check(buf, "HorizontalDown (mode 6)", exp);
+    }
+
+    /* Mode 7 — Vertical_Left.  Uniform context. */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[5][STRIDE];
+        int t[8] = { 64,64,64,64, 64,64,64,64 };
+        int l[4] = { 0,0,0,0 };
+        set_ctx(buf, 0, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_vl(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        uint8_t exp[4][4] = {
+            {64,64,64,64}, {64,64,64,64}, {64,64,64,64}, {64,64,64,64}
+        };
+        fail |= check(buf, "VerticalLeft (mode 7)", exp);
+    }
+
+    /* Mode 8 — Horizontal_Up.  Uniform context. */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[5][STRIDE];
+        int t[8] = { 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0 };
+        int l[4] = { 200,200,200,200 };
+        set_ctx(buf, 0, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_hu(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        uint8_t exp[4][4] = {
+            {200,200,200,200}, {200,200,200,200},
+            {200,200,200,200}, {200,200,200,200}
+        };
+        fail |= check(buf, "HorizontalUp (mode 8)", exp);
+    }
+
+    /* Asymmetric Vertical_Right test: detects orientation /
+     * row-vs-col confusion.  Top=10,20,30,40, Left=50,60,70,
+     * top-left=5.  Spec-derived expected output computed by hand
+     * from §8.3.1.4.6.
+     *
+     *   d[0][0] = (tl+t0+1)>>1 = (5+10+1)>>1 = 8
+     *   d[0][1] = (t0+t1+1)>>1 = (10+20+1)>>1 = 15
+     *   d[0][2] = (t1+t2+1)>>1 = (20+30+1)>>1 = 25
+     *   d[0][3] = (t2+t3+1)>>1 = (30+40+1)>>1 = 35
+     *   d[1][0] = avg3(l0,tl,t0) = (50+2*5+10+2)>>2 = 72/4 = 18
+     *   d[1][1] = avg3(tl,t0,t1) = (5+20+20+2)>>2 = 47/4 = 11
+     *   d[1][2] = avg3(t0,t1,t2) = (10+40+30+2)>>2 = 82/4 = 20
+     *   d[1][3] = avg3(t1,t2,t3) = (20+60+40+2)>>2 = 122/4 = 30
+     *   d[2][0] = avg3(tl,l0,l1) = (5+100+60+2)>>2 = 167/4 = 41
+     *   d[2][1] = d[0][0] = 8
+     *   d[2][2] = d[0][1] = 15
+     *   d[2][3] = d[0][2] = 25
+     *   d[3][0] = avg3(l0,l1,l2) = (50+120+70+2)>>2 = 242/4 = 60
+     *   d[3][1] = d[1][0] = 18
+     *   d[3][2] = d[1][1] = 11
+     *   d[3][3] = d[1][2] = 20
+     */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[5][STRIDE];
+        int t[8] = { 10,20,30,40, 0,0,0,0 };
+        int l[4] = { 50,60,70,0 };
+        set_ctx(buf, 5, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_4x4_vr(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        uint8_t exp[4][4] = {
+            { 8,15,25,35},
+            {18,11,20,30},
+            {41, 8,15,25},
+            {60,18,11,20},
+        };
+        fail |= check(buf, "VR asym (sanity)", exp);
+    }
+
+    if (fail == 0) printf("\nALL %d intra-4x4 mode references PASS\n", 10);
+    else           fprintf(stderr, "\n%d test(s) FAILED\n", fail);
+    return fail ? 1 : 0;
+}

tests/test_intra_pred_8x8_luma.c

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+/*
+ * Tests the H.264 Intra_8x8 luma prediction modes against spec-derived
+ * expectations.  Buffer layout is 9 rows × 17 cols (extra cols for the
+ * top-right extension that DDL/VL need; not exercised by V/H/DC but
+ * already in-place for the eventual directional-modes follow-up):
+ *
+ *   row 0: [tl][t0..t15]                                — 17 bytes
+ *   row 1: [l0][output row 0  ..]                       — 17 bytes
+ *   ...
+ *   row 8: [l7][output row 7  ..]
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_vertical(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_horizontal(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_dc(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_ddl(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_ddr(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_vr(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_hd(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_vl(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_hu(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+
+#define STRIDE 17
+#define ROWS   9
+
+static void set_ctx(uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE], int tl,
+                     const int t[16], const int l[8])
+{
+    for (int r = 0; r < ROWS; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < STRIDE; c++) buf[r][c] = 0xff;
+    buf[0][0] = (uint8_t) tl;
+    for (int c = 0; c < 16; c++) buf[0][1 + c] = (uint8_t) t[c];
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++) buf[1 + r][0] = (uint8_t) l[r];
+}
+
+static int check_uniform(const uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE], const char *name,
+                          uint8_t expect_val)
+{
+    int diff = 0;
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++)
+            if (buf[1+r][1+c] != expect_val) diff++;
+    if (diff == 0) printf("  %-30s PASS\n", name);
+    else           printf("  %-30s FAIL (%d/64 wrong, expected %u)\n", name, diff, expect_val);
+    return diff == 0 ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    int fail = 0;
+
+    /* Mode 0 Vertical with uniform top → uniform output.
+     * Filtered top[c] = (a + 2*a + a + 2) >> 2 = a for uniform a. */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE];
+        int t[16], l[8];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) t[i] = 50;
+        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++)  l[j] = 0;
+        set_ctx(buf, 50, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_vertical(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        fail |= check_uniform(buf, "Vertical (mode 0, uniform top)", 50);
+    }
+
+    /* Mode 1 Horizontal with uniform left → uniform output. */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE];
+        int t[16] = {0}, l[8];
+        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) l[j] = 70;
+        set_ctx(buf, 70, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_horizontal(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        fail |= check_uniform(buf, "Horizontal (mode 1, uniform left)", 70);
+    }
+
+    /* Mode 2 DC with all-uniform neighbours → uniform output.
+     * Filtered top[c] = top  for uniform; filtered left[j] = left.
+     * sum = 8*a + 8*a + 8 = 16a + 8.  >> 4 = a (exact when +8 rounds). */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE];
+        int t[16], l[8];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) t[i] = 33;
+        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++)  l[j] = 33;
+        set_ctx(buf, 33, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_dc(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        fail |= check_uniform(buf, "DC (mode 2, uniform)", 33);
+    }
+
+    /* Mode 0 Vertical with NON-uniform top: gradient 0..15.  Filtered
+     * top[c] for c in 1..14 = (t[c-1] + 2*t[c] + t[c+1] + 2) >> 2
+     *                       = (c-1 + 2c + c+1 + 2) >> 2
+     *                       = (4c + 2) >> 2 = c (since (4c+2)/4 = c with rounding).
+     * Wait — (4c + 2) >> 2 = c + 0 (since 4c is divisible by 4 and +2 rounds
+     * BELOW 4, doesn't change anything).  So filtered = c for c=1..14.
+     * filt[0] (top-left) = (t[0] + 2*tl + l[0] + 2) >> 2 (not exercised
+     *   directly by Vertical mode).
+     * filt[top 0] = (tl + 2*t[0] + t[1] + 2) >> 2 = (0 + 0 + 1 + 2) >> 2 = 0
+     *   (tl=0, t[0]=0, t[1]=1)
+     * filt[top 15] = (t[14] + 3*t[15] + 2) >> 2 = (14 + 45 + 2) >> 2
+     *              = 61 >> 2 = 15
+     *
+     * So Vertical output col 0 = filt[top 0] = 0, col 1 = filt[top 1] = 1,
+     * ..., col 7 = filt[top 7] = 7.  Same for all 8 rows. */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE];
+        int t[16], l[8] = {0};
+        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) t[i] = i;
+        set_ctx(buf, 0, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_vertical(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        int diff = 0;
+        for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++)
+            for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++)
+                if (buf[1+r][1+c] != c) diff++;
+        if (diff == 0) printf("  %-30s PASS (filtered gradient)\n", "Vertical (mode 0, gradient)");
+        else           printf("  %-30s FAIL (%d/64 wrong)\n", "Vertical (mode 0, gradient)", diff);
+        fail |= (diff == 0) ? 0 : 1;
+    }
+
+    /* Mode 1 Horizontal gradient: left = 0..7.  Filtered left:
+     * filt[left 0] = (tl + 2*l[0] + l[1] + 2) >> 2 = (0 + 0 + 1 + 2) >> 2 = 0
+     * filt[left j] for j=1..6 = (l[j-1] + 2*l[j] + l[j+1] + 2) >> 2 = j
+     *   (same arithmetic as top)
+     * filt[left 7] = (l[6] + 3*l[7] + 2) >> 2 = (6 + 21 + 2) >> 2 = 7
+     * So Horizontal output row 0 = 0, row 7 = 7. */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE];
+        int t[16] = {0}, l[8];
+        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) l[j] = j;
+        set_ctx(buf, 0, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_horizontal(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        int diff = 0;
+        for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++)
+            for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++)
+                if (buf[1+r][1+c] != r) diff++;
+        if (diff == 0) printf("  %-30s PASS (filtered gradient)\n", "Horizontal (mode 1, gradient)");
+        else           printf("  %-30s FAIL (%d/64 wrong)\n", "Horizontal (mode 1, gradient)", diff);
+        fail |= (diff == 0) ? 0 : 1;
+    }
+
+    /* Directional modes — uniform-context sanity tests.  With all
+     * neighbours = N, the 1-2-1 filter produces uniform N, and any
+     * 3-tap / 2-tap on uniform N produces N.  So every directional
+     * mode should output uniform N on uniform input. */
+    {
+        typedef void (*pred_fn_t)(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+        struct { const char *name; pred_fn_t fn; } modes[] = {
+            { "DDL (mode 3, uniform)",        daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_ddl },
+            { "DDR (mode 4, uniform)",        daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_ddr },
+            { "VR (mode 5, uniform)",         daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_vr  },
+            { "HD (mode 6, uniform)",         daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_hd  },
+            { "VL (mode 7, uniform)",         daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_vl  },
+            { "HU (mode 8, uniform)",         daedalus_h264_pred_8x8l_hu  },
+        };
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(modes)/sizeof(modes[0]); i++) {
+            uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE];
+            int t[16], l[8];
+            for (int k = 0; k < 16; k++) t[k] = 120;
+            for (int k = 0; k < 8;  k++) l[k] = 120;
+            set_ctx(buf, 120, t, l);
+            modes[i].fn(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+            fail |= check_uniform(buf, modes[i].name, 120);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (fail == 0) printf("\nALL Intra_8x8 luma PASS (9 modes — V, H, DC, DDL, DDR, VR, HD, VL, HU)\n");
+    else           fprintf(stderr, "\n%d test(s) FAILED\n", fail);
+    return fail ? 1 : 0;
+}

tests/test_intra_pred_chroma8x8.c

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+/*
+ * Tests the 4 H.264 Intra_8x8 chroma prediction modes against
+ * spec-derived expected patterns.  Same buffer layout idea as the
+ * other intra tests: a buffer that holds the 8x8 output + 1-pixel
+ * top/left context + 1-pixel top-left corner.
+ *
+ *   row 0: [tl][t0..t7]
+ *   row 1: [l0][output row 0]
+ *   ...
+ *   row 8: [l7][output row 7]
+ *
+ * Dimensions: 9 rows × 9 cols.  dst (passed to pred fns) = &buf[1][1].
+ */
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_chroma8x8_dc(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_chroma8x8_horizontal(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_chroma8x8_vertical(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+extern void daedalus_h264_pred_chroma8x8_plane(uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t stride);
+
+#define STRIDE 9
+#define ROWS   9
+
+static void set_ctx(uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE], int tl,
+                     const int t[8], const int l[8])
+{
+    for (int r = 0; r < ROWS; r++)
+        for (int c = 0; c < STRIDE; c++) buf[r][c] = 0xff;
+    buf[0][0] = (uint8_t) tl;
+    for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) buf[0][1 + c] = (uint8_t) t[c];
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++) buf[1 + r][0] = (uint8_t) l[r];
+}
+
+static int check_per_cell(const uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE], const char *name,
+                           const uint8_t expect[8][8])
+{
+    int diff = 0;
+    int first_r = 0, first_c = 0, first_got = 0, first_exp = 0;
+    for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++) {
+        for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) {
+            uint8_t got = buf[1 + r][1 + c];
+            uint8_t exp = expect[r][c];
+            if (got != exp) {
+                if (diff == 0) {
+                    first_r = r; first_c = c;
+                    first_got = got; first_exp = exp;
+                }
+                diff++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (diff == 0)
+        printf("  %-30s PASS\n", name);
+    else
+        printf("  %-30s FAIL (%d/64 wrong, first r=%d c=%d got=%u exp=%u)\n",
+               name, diff, first_r, first_c, first_got, first_exp);
+    return diff == 0 ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    int fail = 0;
+
+    /* --- Mode 1 Horizontal --- */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE];
+        int t[8] = {0}, l[8] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80};
+        set_ctx(buf, 0, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_chroma8x8_horizontal(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        uint8_t exp[8][8];
+        for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++) for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) exp[r][c] = (uint8_t) l[r];
+        fail |= check_per_cell(buf, "Horizontal (mode 1)", exp);
+    }
+
+    /* --- Mode 2 Vertical --- */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE];
+        int t[8] = {15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85}, l[8] = {0};
+        set_ctx(buf, 0, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_chroma8x8_vertical(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        uint8_t exp[8][8];
+        for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++) for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) exp[r][c] = (uint8_t) t[c];
+        fail |= check_per_cell(buf, "Vertical (mode 2)", exp);
+    }
+
+    /* --- Mode 0 DC: per-quadrant.  Test with distinct halves so any
+     * quadrant mix-up surfaces immediately.
+     *
+     *   top[0..3] = 4 × 8  → sum_top_lo  = 32
+     *   top[4..7] = 4 × 16 → sum_top_hi  = 64
+     *   left[0..3] = 4 × 24 → sum_left_lo = 96
+     *   left[4..7] = 4 × 40 → sum_left_hi = 160
+     *
+     *   dc00 = (32 + 96  + 4) >> 3 = 132/8  = 16
+     *   dc01 = (64       + 2) >> 2 =  66/4  = 16
+     *   dc10 = (     160 + 2) >> 2 = 162/4  = 40
+     *   dc11 = (64 + 160 + 4) >> 3 = 228/8  = 28
+     */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE];
+        int t[8] = { 8, 8, 8, 8,  16, 16, 16, 16 };
+        int l[8] = { 24, 24, 24, 24,  40, 40, 40, 40 };
+        set_ctx(buf, 99, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_chroma8x8_dc(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        uint8_t exp[8][8] = {
+            {16,16,16,16, 16,16,16,16},
+            {16,16,16,16, 16,16,16,16},
+            {16,16,16,16, 16,16,16,16},
+            {16,16,16,16, 16,16,16,16},
+            {40,40,40,40, 28,28,28,28},
+            {40,40,40,40, 28,28,28,28},
+            {40,40,40,40, 28,28,28,28},
+            {40,40,40,40, 28,28,28,28},
+        };
+        fail |= check_per_cell(buf, "DC quadrants (mode 0)", exp);
+    }
+
+    /* --- Mode 3 Plane (uniform): H = V = 0; a = 16 * (100 + 100) = 3200.
+     * pred[y][x] = (3200 + 0 + 0 + 16) >> 5 = 3216 >> 5 = 100. */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE];
+        int t[8], l[8];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) { t[i] = 100; l[i] = 100; }
+        set_ctx(buf, 100, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_chroma8x8_plane(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        uint8_t exp[8][8];
+        for (int r = 0; r < 8; r++) for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) exp[r][c] = 100;
+        fail |= check_per_cell(buf, "Plane uniform (mode 3)", exp);
+    }
+
+    /* --- Mode 3 Plane gradient sanity ---
+     * t = 0..7, l = 0..7, tl = 0.
+     *   H = 1*(t[4]-t[2]) + 2*(t[5]-t[1]) + 3*(t[6]-t[0]) + 4*(t[7]-tl)
+     *     = 1*(4-2) + 2*(5-1) + 3*(6-0) + 4*(7-0)
+     *     = 2 + 8 + 18 + 28 = 56
+     *   V = same shape on left = 56
+     *   b = (34*56 + 32) >> 6 = 1936 >> 6 = 30
+     *   c = 30
+     *   a = 16 * (l[7] + t[7]) = 16 * (7 + 7) = 224
+     *
+     *   pred[0][0] = (224 + 30*(-3) + 30*(-3) + 16) >> 5
+     *              = (224 - 90 - 90 + 16) >> 5
+     *              = 60 >> 5 = 1
+     *   pred[7][7] = (224 + 30*4 + 30*4 + 16) >> 5
+     *              = (224 + 120 + 120 + 16) >> 5
+     *              = 480 >> 5 = 15
+     * Spot-check those two corners. */
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[ROWS][STRIDE];
+        int t[8], l[8];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) { t[i] = i; l[i] = i; }
+        set_ctx(buf, 0, t, l);
+        daedalus_h264_pred_chroma8x8_plane(&buf[1][1], STRIDE);
+        uint8_t tl_actual = buf[1 + 0][1 + 0];
+        uint8_t br_actual = buf[1 + 7][1 + 7];
+        int spot_fail = 0;
+        if (tl_actual != 1)  { fprintf(stderr, "Plane gradient pred[0][0] = %u, expected 1\n", tl_actual); spot_fail = 1; }
+        if (br_actual != 15) { fprintf(stderr, "Plane gradient pred[7][7] = %u, expected 15\n", br_actual); spot_fail = 1; }
+        if (!spot_fail) printf("  %-30s PASS (corners 1, 15)\n", "Plane gradient (mode 3)");
+        else            printf("  %-30s FAIL\n", "Plane gradient (mode 3)");
+        fail |= spot_fail;
+    }
+
+    if (fail == 0) printf("\nALL Intra_8x8 chroma mode references PASS\n");
+    else           fprintf(stderr, "\n%d test(s) FAILED\n", fail);
+    return fail ? 1 : 0;
+}